Name: 巨型管蟲如何在熱液噴口生存｜我包含了很多人 (How Giant Tube Worms Survive at Hydrothermal Vents | I Contain Multitudes)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T11:01:54.000Z
Duration: 10 min 21 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

begins a dive to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

250 miles north of the Galapagos islands.

are pulling away from each other on the ocean floor.

change our view of how extreme life on earth can be.

They were on the hunt for deep-sea hydrothermal vents

caused by the rift between those continental plates.

Their existence had been predicted for decades,

At a depth of 7,500 feet their temperature sensors spiked

- they had reached volcanically super heated water gushing

But they also found something that utterly surprised them:

How could this underworld support so much life?

Skull crushing pressures and yet the Alvin crew

They were the first to ever set human eyes

on this environment - rich and full of life,

They are giants that can grow over six feet long.

Their bodies are encased in white tubes anchored

At their upper end is a spectacular crimson plume.

It looks like a tube of lipstick that's been pushed out too far.

What they didn't know was that the worms would reveal

an undiscovered eco system, that we didn't even think

This is Meredith Jones, the Smithsonian Institution's

curator of worms, and as befits his role as chief worm guy

he gives the thing a name: Riftia pachyptila.

And he encounters something - that to us,

as non-worm people - is really weird: Riftia has no mouth,

How does it survive if it can't eat, digest, poop?

had seen this kind of thing before - gutless worms.

Instead of a gut these worms have an organ

It's brown and spongy and makes up half the creature's length.

because there was nothing remotely like food in it.

Instead, it was packed with crystals of pure sulfur.

And that's when Colleen Cavanaugh enters the picture.

COLLEEN CAVANAUGH: I was a first year graduate student

at Harvard taking a course called Nature and Regulation

And the professors organized so that there

ED: Jones came in to give a talk about his worms.

ED: What Jones knew that the water spewing

from the hydrothermal vents had a high concentration

of hydrogen sulfide, a potent toxin to most lifeforms.

So maybe the trophosome wasn't an organ to help feed the worm

to help get rid of all the poisonous hydrogen sulfide.

I immediately jumped up and said, "It- it's clear!

They must have symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

inside of their tissues that are feeding the worm."

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巨型管蟲如何在熱液噴口生存｜我包含了很多人 (How Giant Tube Worms Survive at Hydrothermal Vents | I Contain Multitudes)

weird

ultimately

process

extreme