Subtitles section Play video
Ms. Woo: Welcome to the Young Southeast Asian
Leaders Initiative Town Hall.
My name is Anita Woo, your moderator this afternoon.
Today we have the crème de la crème of ASEAN youth
right here, gathered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
in University of Malaya's Tunku Chancellor Hall.
Having produced two Malaysia prime ministers,
this venue is no stranger to young leaders,
such as yourselves.
We are here because, as youth under the age of 35,
we currently represent 60 percent of the ASEAN
population, and being the single largest demographic
in ASEAN, we not only have an impact on our
respective nations, but also across the region.
From a global perspective, although ASEAN covers just
3 percent of land area, ASEAN is a single --
as a single identity would rank as the seventh largest
economy in the world; however, each nation
within ASEAN is in a different place in our
journeys towards development,
each journey unique.
Deep poverty persists in the region, but one of the
leaders tackling this issue is Indonesia's
Dr. Sri Mulyani Indrawati, who is currently managing
director of World Bank Group.
Similarly, although the record on upholding human
rights and democratic governance within the
region still leaves much to be desired,
(inaudible) heroic struggle and triumph
proves that mountains can be moved with
determination and tenacity.
ASEAN young entrepreneurs don't have to look far
to know that success is within their reach
as AirAsia Tan Sri Tony Fernandez carved his
success from within this very region, Moreover,
with a thriving scene in Southeast Asia --
creative scene -- who knows?
The next Jimmy Choo could be amongst
us this very moment.
As our region faces the challenges inherent
in a rapidly developing nation and economy,
where perspectives on education, business, environment
must change with the times, we should use our ingenuity
and entrepreneurial spirit to change how we plan
to overcome these obstacles and emerge
stronger than ever.
Southeast Asia is one of the diversity-rich
regions, home to an array of cultures
and histories, and as we know, it was once even
home to President Obama.
The future of ASEAN will lie in its ability
to not only celebrate this diversity,
but to harness it as a key building block for our success.
Today the President himself will be taking
questions directly from those present here,
as well as questions submitted to you --
submitted by you through Facebook and Twitter
from around the region.
Without further ado, please join
me in welcoming to stage the 44th President of the
United States, President Barack Obama.
(applause)
The President: Hello everybody!
The President: Well, good afternoon.
Selamat petang.
Please, everybody have a seat.
It is wonderful to be here and it is wonderful to see
all these outstanding young people here.
I want to thank, first of all,
the University of Malaya for hosting us.
I want to thank the Malaysian people
for making us feel so welcome.
Anita, thank you for helping to moderate.
These trips are usually all business for me,
but every once in a while I want to have some fun,
so I try to hold an event like this where I get
to hear directly from young people like you --
because I firmly believe that you will shape the future
of your countries and the future of this region.
And I'm glad to see so many students who
are here today, including young people
from across Southeast Asia.
And I know some of you are joining us online
and through social media, and you'll be able
to ask me questions, too.
This is my fifth trip to Asia as President,
and I plan to be back again later this year --
not just because I like the sights and the food,
although I do, but because a few years ago
I made a deliberate and strategic decision as President
of the United States that America will play
a larger, more comprehensive
role in this region's future.
I know some still ask what this strategy
is all about.
So before I answer your questions,
I just want to answer that one question --
why Asia is so important to America, and why Southeast Asia
has been a particular focus, and finally,
why I believe that young people like you have
to be the ones who lead us forward.
Many of you know this part of the world
has special meaning for me.
I was born in Hawaii, right in the middle
of the Pacific.
I lived in Indonesia as a boy.
(applause)
Hey!
There's the Indonesian contingent.
(applause)
Yes, that's where they're from.
(applause)
My sister, Maya, was born in Jakarta.
She's married to a man whose parents
were born here -- my brother-in-law's father
in Sandakan, and his mom in Kudat.
(applause)
And my mother spent years working
in the villages of Southeast Asia, helping women
buy sewing machines or gain an education
so that they could better earn a living.
And as I mentioned last night to His Majesty the
King, and the Prime Minister,
I'm very grateful for the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia
for hosting an exhibit that showcased some of my
mother's batik collection, because it meant
a lot to her and it's part of the connection that I felt
and I continue to feel to this region.
So the Asia Pacific, with its rich cultures
and beautiful traditions and vibrant society --
that's all part of who I am.
It helped shape how I see the world.
And it's also helped to shape
my approach as President.
And while our government, our financial centers,
many of our traditions began along
the Atlantic Coast, America has always been
a Pacific nation, as well.
Our biggest, most populous state
is on the Pacific Coast.
And for generations, waves of immigrants from
all over Asia -- from different countries
and races and religions -- have come
to America and contributed to our success.
From our earliest years, when our first President,
George Washington, sent a trade mission
to China, through last year, when the aircraft
carrier that bears his name, the George Washington,
helped with typhoon relief in the Philippines,
America has always had a history with Asia.
And we've got a future with Asia.
This is the world's fastest-growing region.
Over the next five years, nearly half
of all economic growth outside the United States
is projected to come from right here in Asia.
That means this region is vital to creating
jobs and opportunity not only for yourselves
but also for the American people.
And any serious leader in America
recognizes that fact.
And because you're home to more than half
of humanity, Asia will largely define
the contours of the century ahead --
whether it's going to be marked by conflict or cooperation;
by human suffering or human progress.
This is why America has refocused our attention
on the vast potential of the Asia Pacific region.
My country has come through a decade
in which we fought two wars and an economic crisis
that hurt us badly -- along with countries
all over the globe.
But we've now ended the war in Iraq;
our war in Afghanistan will end this year.
Our businesses are steadily
creating new jobs.
And we've begun addressing the challenges
that have weighed down our economy for too long --
reforming our health care and financial systems,
raising standards in our schools,
building a clean energy economy, cutting our fiscal deficits
by more than half since I took office.
Though we've been busy at home, the crisis still
confronts us in other parts
of the world from the Middle East to Ukraine.
But I want to be very clear.
Let me be clear about this,
because some people have wondered whether because of what
happens in Ukraine or what happens in the Middle East,
whether this will sideline our strategy -- it has not.
We are focused and we're going to follow through
on our interest in promoting
a strong U.S.-Asia relationship.
America has responsibilities
all around the world, and we're glad
to embrace those responsibilities.
And, yes, sometimes we have a political system
of our own and it can be easy to lose sight
of the long view.
But we have been moving forward on our rebalance
to this part of the world by opening ties
of commerce and negotiating our most ambitious trade
agreement; by increasing our defense
and educational exchange cooperation,
and modernizing our alliances; by participating fully
in regional institutions like the East Asia Summit;
building deeper partnerships
with emerging powers like Indonesia and Vietnam.
And increasingly, we're building
these partnerships throughout Southeast Asia.
Since President Johnson's visit here to Malaysia
in 1966, there's perhaps no region on Earth
that has changed so dramatically.
Old dictatorships have crumbled.
New voices have emerged.
Controlled economies have given way to free markets.
What used to be small villages, kampungs,
are now gleaming skyscrapers.
The 10 nations that make up ASEAN are home
to nearly one in 10 of the world's citizens.
And when you put those countries together,
you're the seventh largest economy in the world,
the fourth largest market for American exports,
the number-one destination
for American investment in Asia.
And I'm proud to be the first American President
to meet regularly with all 10 ASEAN leaders,
and I intend to do it every year that I remain President.
(applause)
By the way, I want to congratulate
Malaysia on its turn to assume the chairmanship
of ASEAN next year.
(applause)
Malaysia plays a central role in this
region that will only keep growing over time,
with an ability to promote economic growth
and opportunity, and be an anchor of stability
and maritime security.
Now, one of the things that makes this region
so interesting is its diversity.
That diversity creates a unique intersection
of humanity -- people from so many ethnic groups
and backgrounds and religious and political beliefs.
It gives Malaysia, as one primary example,
the chance to prove -- as America constantly
tries to prove -- that nations are stronger
and more successful when they work to uphold the civil rights
and political rights and human rights
of all their citizens.
(applause)
That's why, over the past few years, Prime Minister
Najib and I have worked to broaden and deepen the
relationship between our two countries
in the same spirit of berkerja sama that I think
so many of you embody.
(applause)
The United States remains
the number-one investor in Malaysia.
We're partnering to promote security
in shipping lanes.
We're making progress on the Trans-Pacific
Partnership to boost trade that supports good jobs
and prosperity in both our countries.
Today, I'm very pleased that we've forged
a comprehensive partnership that
lays the foundation for even closer cooperation
for years to come.
But our strategy is more than just
security alliances or trade agreements.
It's also about building genuine relationships
between the peoples of Asia and the peoples
of the United States, especially young people.
We want you to be getting to know the young
people of the United States and partnering well
into the future in science and technology,
and entrepreneurship, and education.
One program that we're proud of here
in Malaysia is
the Fulbright English Teaching Assistant Program.
(applause) Hey, there we go.
(laughter) Over the past two years,
nearly 200 Americans have come here, and they haven't just
taught English -- they've made lifelong
friendships with their students and their communities.
One of these Americans, I'm told, was a young
woman named Kelsey, from a city in Boston --
the city of Boston.
Last year, after the Boston Marathon was
attacked, she taught her students
all about her hometown -- its history and its culture.
She taught them a phrase that's
popular in Boston -- "wicked awesome."
So that was part of the English curriculum.
(laughter)
And so her students began to feel like a place --
that this place, Boston, that was a world away
was actually something they understood
and they connected to and they cared about.
They responded by writing get-well cards and sending
them to hospitals where many of the victims
were being treated.
Partnerships like those remind
us that the relationship between nations
is not just defined by governments, but is defined
by people -- especially the young people who will determine
the future long after those of us who are
currently in positions of power leave the stage.
And that's especially true in Southeast Asia,
because almost two-thirds of the population in this region
is under 35 years old.
This is a young part of the world.
And I've seen the hope and the energy
and the optimism of your generation wherever I
travel, from Rangoon to Jakarta to here in KL.
I've seen the desire for conflict
resolution through diplomacy and not war.
I've seen the desire for prosperity through
entrepreneurship, not corruption or cronyism.
I've seen a longing for harmony not by holding
down one segment of society but
by upholding the rights of every human being,
regardless of what they
look like or who they love or how they pray.
And so you give me hope.
Robert Kennedy once said, "It is a revolutionary
world that we live in, and thus it is young people
who must take the lead."
And I believe it is precisely because you come
of age in such world with fewer walls, with instant
information -- you have the world at your
fingertips, and you can change it for the better.
And I believe that together we can do things
that your parents, your grandparents,
your great-grandparents would have never imagined.
But today I am proud that we're launching
a new Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative
to increase and enhance America's
engagement with young people across the region.
You're part of this new effort.
You're the next generation of leaders --
in government, in civil society,
in business and the arts.
Some of you have already founded non-profit
organizations to promote human rights,
or prevent human trafficking, or encourage religious
tolerance and interfaith dialogue.
Some of you have started projects to educate young
people on the environment, and engage them to protect
our air and our water, and to prevent climate change.
Some of you have been building your own
ASEAN-wide network of young leaders
to meet challenges like youth unemployment.
And I know that some of you have been spending
this weekend collaborating on solutions
to these major issues.
And over the next few months,
across Southeast Asia, we're going to find ways to listen
to young people about your ideas and the partnerships
we can then build together to empower your efforts,
develop new exchanges, connect young leaders
across Southeast Asia with young Americans.
So that's part of what we're starting here today.
And before I take your questions, let me just
close by sharing with you the future that I want
to work for in this region, about where we want
America's rebalance in the Asia Pacific to lead,
about the work we can do together.
I believe that together we can make
the Asia Pacific more secure.
America has the strongest military in the world,
but we don't seek conflict; we seek to keep the peace.
We want a future where disputes are resolved
peacefully and where bigger nations
don't bully smaller nations.
All nations are equal in the eyes
of international law.
We want to deepen our cooperation
with other nations on issues like counterterrorism
and piracy, but also humanitarian
aid and disaster relief -- which will help us respond
quickly to catastrophes like the tsunami in Japan,
or the typhoon in the Philippines.
We want to do that together.
Together, we want to make the Asia Pacific more
prosperous, with more commerce
and shared innovation and entrepreneurship.
And we want to see broader and more inclusive
development and prosperity.
Through agreements like the TPP, we want
to make sure nations in the Asia Pacific can trade under
rules that ensure fair access to markets,
and support jobs and economic growth for everybody,
and set high standards for the protection
of workers and the environment.
Together, we want to make the Asia Pacific --
and the world -- cleaner and more secure.
The nations of this region are uniquely
threatened by climate change.
No nation is immune to dangerous and disruptive
weather patterns, so every nation is going
to have to do its part.
And the United States is ready to do ours.
Last year, I introduced America's first-ever
Climate Action Plan to use more clean energy
and less dirty energy, and cut the dangerous carbon
pollution that contributes to climate change.
So we want to cooperate with countries
in Southeast Asia to do the same,
to combat the destruction of our forests.
We can't condemn future generations
to a planet that is beyond fixing.
We can only do that together.
Together, we can make this world more just.
America is the world's oldest constitutional
democracy; that means we're going
to stand up for democracy -- it's a part of who we are.
And we do this not only because we think
it's right, but because it's been proven to be the
most stable and successful form of government.
In recent decades, many Asian nations have shown
that different nations can realize the promise
of self-government in their own way;
they have their own path.
But we must recognize that democracies don't
stop just with elections; they also depend
on strong institutions and a vibrant civil society,
and open political space, and tolerance of people
who are different than you.
We have to create an environment where
the rights of every citizen, regardless of race
or gender, or religion or sexual orientation
are not only protected, but respected.
We want a future where nations that are pursuing
reforms, like Myanmar, like Burma,
consolidate their own democracy, and allow for people
of different faiths and ethnicities
to live together in peace.
We want to see open space for civil society
in all our countries so that citizens can hold their
governments accountable and improve
their own communities.
And we want to work together to ensure
that we're drawing on the potential
of all our people -- and that means ensuring women
have full and equal access to opportunity,
just like men.
(applause)
And to make sure we can sustain all these efforts,
we want a future where
we're building an architecture of
institutions and relationships.
For America, that always begins with our alliances,
which serve as the cornerstone
of our approach to the world.
But we also want to work with organizations
like ASEAN and in forums like APEC
and the East Asia Summit to resolve disputes
and forge new partnerships.
And we want to cooperate with our old allies
and our emerging partners, and with China.
We want to see a peaceful rise for China,
because we think it can and should contribute
to the stability and prosperity that we all seek.
So that's the shared future I want to see
in the Asia Pacific.
Now, America cannot impose that future.
It's one we need to build together, in partnership,
with all the nations and peoples of the region,
especially young people.
That vision is within our reach
if we're willing to work for it.
Now, this world has its share of threats
and challenges, and that's usually
what makes the news.
We know that progress can always be reversed,
and that positive change is achieved not through
passion alone, but through patient
and persistent effort.
But we've seen things change for the better
in this region and around the world because
of the effort of ordinary people,
together -- working together.
It's possible.
We've seen it in the opportunity
and progress that's been unleashed in this amazing part
of the world.
I've only been in Malaysia for a day,
but I've already picked up a new phrase: Malaysia boleh.
(applause)
Malaysia can do it.
Now, I have to say, we have a similar saying
in America: Yes, we can.
That's the spirit in which I hope America
and all the nations of Southeast Asia can work together,
and it's going to depend on your generation
to carry it forward.
As Presidents and Prime Ministers, they can help
lay the foundation, but you've got
to build the future.
And now I want to hear directly from you.
I want to hear your aspirations
for your own lives, your hopes for your communities
and your culture, what you think we can do together
in the years to come.
Terima kasih banyak.
(Applause)
Ms. Woo: Thank you very much, Mr. President.
If you may?
The President: Well, I'm going to take the first
question, and then I think Anita is going
to take a question from social media.
This is tough because we have so many outstanding
young people.
I'll call on this young lady right
here, right in the front.
Tell me your name.
If you're going to school, tell me what level you're
at, what year you are in school,
and where you're from.
Female Speaker: Hi, Mr. President.
I'm from Cambodia, and I went to Institute
of Foreign Languages
at the Royal University of Phnom Penh.
And I've got a very simple question for you.
What was your dream when you were in your 20s,
and did you achieve it?
And if so, how did you achieve it?
The President: Well, it's a short question but
it's not a simple one.
(laughter)
When I was in high school --
so, for those of you who are studying under a different
system, when I was 15, 16, 17,
before I went to the university --
I wasn't always the best student.
Sometimes I was enjoying life too much.
(laughter)
Don't clap.
(laughter)
This guy is the same way.
(laughter)
No, part of it I was rebelling,
which is natural for young people that age.
I didn't know my father,
and so my family life was complicated.
So I didn't always focus on my studies,
and that probably carried over into
the first two years of university.
But around the age of 20, I began to realize that
I could have an impact on the world
if I applied myself more.
I became interested in social policy
and government, and I decided that I wanted to work
in the non-profit sector for people
who are disadvantaged in the United States.
And so I was able to do that for three years after
I graduated from college.
That's how I moved to the city of Chicago.
I was hired by a group of churches to work
in poor areas to help people get jobs and help improve
housing and give young people more opportunity.
And that was a great experience for me,
and it led me to go to law school and to practice civil
rights laws, and then ultimately to
run for elected office.
And when I think back to my journey, my past,
I think the most important thing for --
and maybe the most important thing for all the young
people here -- is to realize that you really can have
an impact on the world; you can achieve your dreams.
But in order to do so, you have to focus not
so much on a title or how much money you're going
to make, you have to focus more on what kind
of influence and impact are you going to have
on other people's lives -- what good
can you do in the world.
Now, that may involve starting a business,
but if you want to start a business you should
be really excited about the product
or the service that you're making.
It shouldn't just be how much money I can make --
because the business people who I meet
who do amazing things, like Bill Gates,
who started Microsoft -- they're usually people
who are really interested in what they do and they
really think that it can make a difference
in people's lives.
If you want to go into government,
you shouldn't just want
to be a particular government official.
You should want to go into government because
you think it can help educate some children,
or it can help provide jobs for people who need work.
So I think the most important thing for me was
when I started thinking more about other people
and how I could have an impact
in my larger society and community,
and wasn't just thinking about myself.
That's when I think your dreams can really take
off -- because if you're only thinking about you,
then your world is small; if you're thinking about
others, then your world gets bigger.
Thank you.
(applause)
Ms. Woo: Thank you, Mr. President.
We now have a question from the social media,
which we've been collecting over the week.
The President: Okay.
Ms. Woo: The question comes from our friend
from Burma, from Myanmar.
And he asks: Mr. President, what would
be your own key words or encouragement for each
of us leaders of our next generation while
we are cooperating with numerous diversities
such as different races, languages,
beliefs and cultures not only in Myanmar,
but also across ASEAN?
Thank you.
The President: Well, it's a great question.
If you look at the biggest source of conflict
and war and hardship around the world, one of the most
if not the most important reasons is people
treating those who are not like them differently.
So in Myanmar right now, they're going through
a transition after decades of repressive government,
they're trying to open things up
and make the country more democratic.
And that's a very courageous process
that they're going through.
But the danger, now that they're democratizing
is that there are different ethnic groups
and different religions inside of Myanmar,
and if people start organizing politically around
their religious identity or around their ethnic
identity as opposed to organizing around
principles of justice and rule of law and democracy,
then you can actually start seeing conflicts
inside those countries that could move Myanmar
in a very bad direction -- particularly,
if you've got a Muslim minority inside of Myanmar
right now that the broader population
has historically looked down upon and whose rights
are not fully being protected.
Now, that's not unique to Myanmar.
Here in Malaysia, this is a majority Muslim country.
But then, there are times where those
who are non-Muslims find themselves perhaps
being disadvantaged or experiencing hostility.
In the United States, obviously historically
the biggest conflicts arose around race.
And we had to fight a civil war and we had
to have a civil rights movement over
the course of generations until I could stand before
you as a President of African descent.
(applause) But of course, the job is not done.
There is still discrimination and
prejudice and ethnic conflict inside the United
States that we have to be vigilant against.
So my point is all of us have within us biases
and prejudices of people who are not like
us or were not raised in the same faith or come
from a different ethnic background.
But the world is shrinking.
It's getting smaller.
You could think that way when we were
all living separately in villages and tribes,
and we didn't have contact with each other.
We now have the Internet and smart phones,
and our cultures are all colliding.
The world has gotten smaller and no country
is going to succeed if part of its population
is put on the sidelines because
they're discriminated against.
Malaysia won't succeed if non-Muslims
don't have opportunity.
(applause)
Myanmar won't succeed if the Muslim
population is oppressed.
No society is going to succeed if half your
population -- meaning women --
aren't getting the same education
and employment opportunities as men.
(applause)
So I think the key point for all of you,
especially as young people,
is you should embrace your culture.
You should be proud of who you
are and your background.
And you should appreciate the differences
in language and food.
And how you worship God is going to be different,
and those are things that you should be proud of.
But it shouldn't be a tool to look down
on somebody else.
It shouldn't be a reason to discriminate.
And you have to make sure that you are speaking out
against that in your daily life, and as you emerge as
leaders you should be on the side of politics that
brings people together rather
than drives them apart.
(applause)
That is the most important thing for
this generation.
And part of the way to do that is to be able to
stand in other people's shoes,
see through their eyes.
Almost every religion has within it the basic
principle that I, as a Christian,
understand from the teachings of Jesus.
Do unto others as you would have them
do unto you.
Treat people the way you want to be treated.
And if you're not doing that and if society
is not respecting that basic principle,
then we're going backwards instead of going forward.
And this is true all around the world.
And sometimes, it's among groups that those
of us on the outside, we look -- they look
exactly the same.
In Northern Ireland, there has been a raging
conflict -- although they have finally come
to arrive at peace -- because half or a portion of the
population is Catholic, a portion is Protestant.
From the outside, you look -- why are they arguing?
They're both Irish.
They speak the same language.
It seems as if they'd have nothing to argue about.
But that's been a part of Ireland that has been held
back and is poor and less developed than the part
of Ireland that didn't have that conflict.
In Africa, you go to countries --
my father's country of Kenya, where oftentimes you've seen
tribal conflicts from the outside you'd think,
what are they arguing about?
This is a country that has huge potential.
They should be growing, but instead they spend
all their time arguing and organizing politically
only around tribe and around ethnicity.
And then, when one gets on top, they're suspicious
and they're worried that the other might
take advantage of them.
And when power shifts, then it's payback.
And we see that in society after society.
The most important thing young people can
do is break out of that mindset.
When I was in Korea, I had a chance to --
or in Tokyo rather -- I had a chance to see an exhibit
with an astronaut, a Japanese astronaut
who was at the International Space Station
and it was looking at the entire globe and they're tracking now
changing weather patterns in part because
it gives us the ability to respond to disasters quicker.
And when you see astronauts from Japan
or from the United States or from Russia
or others working together, and they're looking down at
this planet from a distance you realize we're
all on this little rock in the middle of space and
the differences that seem so important to us from
a distance dissolve into nothing.
And so, we have to have that same perspective --
respecting everybody, treating everybody
equally under the law.
That has to be a principle that all of you uphold.
Great question.
(applause)
Let me call on the -- I'm going to go
boy, girl, boy, girl so that everybody
gets a fair chance.
Let's see, hold on.
This gentleman right here, right
there with the glasses.
(applause)
There you go.
Male Speaker: Hello, Mr. President.
The President: Hello.
Male Speaker: I'm from Malaysia, currently
with YES Alumni Alumni Malaysia.
Well, I have a question.
I wondered what was your first project -- community
service project that you didn't like
and how did the project impact your community?
Thank you so much.
The President: That's a great question.
(applause)
I told you that when I graduated from
college, I wanted to work in poor neighborhoods.
And so, I moved to Chicago and I worked.
This community had gone through
some very difficult times.
The steel plants there,
the steel mills had closed.
A lot of manufacturing was moving out of America or
becoming technologically obsolete, these old mills.
And so, these were areas
that had been entirely dependent on steel.
And as those jobs left, the communities
were being abandoned.
And there was also racial change in the area.
They had been predominantly white,
and then blacks and Latinos had moved in.
And there was fear among the various groups.
So they had a lot of problems.
I will tell you this, what I did was I organized
a series of meetings listening to people
to find out what they wanted
to do something about first.
The most immediate problem they saw was there
was a lot of crime that had emerged in the area,
but they didn't quite know how to do anything about it.
So I organized a meeting with the police commander,
so that they could file their complaints directly
to the police commander and try to get more
action to create more safe space in those communities
for children and to end people standing
on street corners, because it was depressing
the whole community.
Now, here's the main thing I want to tell you.
That first meeting, nobody came.
It was a complete failure and I was very depressed,
because I thought, well, everybody said that
they were concerned about crime,
but when I organized the meeting nobody came.
And what it made me realize is,
is that if you want to bring about change in a community
or in a nation it's not going to happen overnight.
Usually, it's very hard to bring about change,
because people are busy in their daily lives.
They have things to do.
One of the things I realized was I hadn't
organized the meeting at the right time.
It was right around dinner time, and if people were
working they were coming home and picking up their
kids, and they couldn't get
to the meeting fast enough.
So, first of all, you've got to try
to get people involved.
And a lot of people are busy in their own lives
or they don't think it's going to make
a difference or they're scared if they're speaking
out against authority.
And many of the problems that we're facing,
like trying to create jobs or better opportunity
or dealing with poverty or dealing with
the environment, these are problems
that have been going on for decades.
And so, to think that somehow you're going
to change it in a day or a week, and then
if it doesn't happen you just give up, well,
then you definitely won't succeed.
So the most important thing that I learned
as a young person trying to bring about change
is you have to be persistent, and you have
to get more people involved, and you have to form relationships
with different groups and different organizations.
And you have to listen to people about what they're
feeling and what they're concerned about,
and build trust.
And then, you have to try to find a small part
of the problem and get success on that first,
so that maybe from there you can start something else
and make it bigger and make it bigger,
until over time you are really making a difference
in your community and in that problem.
But you can't be impatient.
And the great thing about young people
is they're impatient.
The biggest problem with young people
is they're impatient.
It's a strength, because it's what makes
you want to change things.
But sometimes, you can be disappointed
if change doesn't happen right away and then you just give up.
And you just have to stay with it
and learn from your failures, as well as your successes.
Anita.
Ms. Woo: Mr. President, thank you very much.
We have a question from our friend in Singapore.
He asks, what is the legacy
you wish to leave behind?
The President: I've still got two
and a half years left as President,
so I hope he's not rushing me.
(laughter)
But what is true is that as President
of the United States, you have so many issues coming
at you every day, but sometimes
I try to step back and think about 20 years from now when
I look back what will I be most proud of or what
do I think will be most important
in the work that I've done.
Now, my most important legacy is Malia and Sasha,
who are turning out to be wonderful young people.
(applause)
So your children,
if you're a parent the most important legacy you have
is great children -- and I have those --
who are happy and healthy, and I think they're going
to do great things.
Another important legacy is being a good husband.
So I've tried to do that.
(applause)
That's important,
because if you don't do those things well, then everything
else you're going to have some problems with.
(laughter)
But I think as President, what I've tried
to do in the United States is really focus
on how do you create opportunity for all people.
And when I first came into office, we were
in a huge financial crisis that had hit the entire world.
And it was the worst crisis the United States
had had since the 1930s.
So the first thing I had to do was just make sure
that we stop the crisis and start allowing
the economy to recover.
And we've now created more than 9 million jobs and
the economy is beginning to improve
for a lot of people.
But what you've also seen is a trend
in the United States but also around the world in which even
when the economy grows, it tends to benefit
a lot of people at the very top, but the vast majority of
people, they don't benefit as much.
And you're starting to see bigger and bigger gaps
in inequality and in wealth and in opportunity.
And that's true not just in the United States,
it's true in Europe; it's long been true
in parts of Asia; it's been true in Latin America.
And I believe that economies work best
when growth and development is broad-based,
when it's shared -- when ordinary people,
if they work hard and they take responsibility,
they can succeed.
Not everybody is going to be rich,
but everybody should be able to live a good life.
Not everybody is going to be a billionaire,
but everybody should be able to have a nice home
and educate their children and feel
some sense of security.
So that's not something that I can do by myself
as President of the United States,
but everything that I do -- whether it's providing more help
for people to go to college, or giving early childhood
education to young children because we know
that the younger children get some additional
schooling, especially poor children,
the better off they'll do in school for all the years
to come, to the work that we're trying to do in providing health
care for all Americans so that they don't
experience a crisis when somebody in their family gets
sick -- all of those efforts are with the objective
of making sure that ordinary people,
if they work hard and act responsibly, they can succeed.
And internationally, my main goal has been
to work with other partners to promote a system of rules
so that conflicts can be resolved peacefully,
so that nations observe basic rules of behavior,
so that whether you're a big country or a small
country, you know that there are certain
principles that are observed --
that might doesn't just make right, but that there's
a set of ideals and there's justice both inside countries
and between countries.
Now, that means trying to end the proliferation
of nuclear weapons, which are a threat to humanity.
And we've made progress in that front,
me negotiating the reduction of our nuclear stockpiles
with the Russians, and trying to resolve through
diplomacy the problem that Iran has been trying
to pursue nuclear weapons, and working with
countries like Malaysia to prevent the proliferation
of nuclear weapons.
That means working to get chemical weapons
out of Syria.
It means trying to promote a just peace
between the Israelis and the Palestinians.
It means opening up to Burma.
And I was the first President to visit there,
and seeing if we could take advantage
of the opportunity with Aung San Suu Kyi's release
to create a country that was a responsible part
of the world order.
Sometimes our efforts have been successful;
sometimes, as I told this young man here, my efforts
initially haven't been as successful
and I've had to keep on trying.
And I am confident that when I'm done as President
there's still going to be parts of the world
that are having war, that are having conflict,
that are oppressing their own people.
So I'm not going to solve all these problems.
I've got to leave some work for all of you.
(laughter)
But what I do hope is that I will have made progress
on each of those fronts -- that if when I leave
I can say there are a few more countries that are
democracies now and the United States helped;
if there are countries where I can say --
or areas of the world where I can say we avoided conflict
between two countries because we helped
to mediate a dispute, I'll be proud of that.
If there are countries where a spotlight has been
shined internationally on the oppression
of a minority group and it has forced that country
to change its practices, that will be a success.
I don't consider -- I don't think I can do that
by myself, of course.
I can only do that not only with the cooperation
and consultation of other leaders,
but it's also other citizens of the world --
all of you and people in various regions,
they've got to want more justice and more peace
in order for us to achieve it.
Sometimes the United States is viewed as,
on the one hand, the cause of everybody's problem,
or on the other hand, the United States is expected
to solve everybody's problem.
And we are a big, powerful nation and we take
our responsibilities very seriously,
but we can only do so much.
Ultimately, the people in these countries
themselves have to partner with us -- because we have problems
in our own country that we have to solve.
But hopefully, I'm also lifting
up certain universal principles and ideals
that all of us can embrace and share.
All right, it's a woman's turn.
It's a young woman's turn.
I've got to -- let's see who is back here.
No, it's a young lady's turn.
Okay, this young lady right here --
since the microphone is right there.
Female Speaker: Good afternoon, Mr. President,
and welcome to Malaysia.
Gathering from what you've said,
I think it's a shared consensus that youth worldwide
can be the catalyst, planting the seeds
for an early conditioning on certain global issues here.
So my question is how exactly
can America lead us youth internationally in championing
such issues, for example, climate change,
women empowerment, poverty eradication --
the goal being to bring the human race together?
It appears that a lot of policies have been put
in place, but a lot of the policies that
have been put in place by the Gen Xers, the Baby Boomers.
People like us, the Gen Ys, we don't have
a say in this policy, so we are supposed to champion them,
but how are we supposed to do all these things?
The President: I'm trying to figure
out which generation I am.
(laughter)
You got Baby Boomers, then Gen X,
and then there's a Gen Y -- we're on Y?
Is that Z, are they here yet, or -- that's next?
Well, first of all, just to be very specific,
as I said in my speech, part of the reason that I like
to meet with young people is to get their
suggestions and their ideas.
But then what we try to do is set up a process
and a network of young leaders who can share ideas with
each other and with us, to let us know how they
think we can empower you.
So coming out of this meeting,
there will be mechanisms through social media and
in our embassies in each of the 10 ASEAN countries where
we're going to be bringing together youth leaders
to talk to each other about their plans,
what their priorities are, how they think the United States
can be most helpful.
And we're going to take your suggestions.
And let's take the example of something
like climate change.
The voice of young people on this issue
is so important because you are the ones who are going
to have to deal with the consequences
of this most significantly.
I rode with Prime Minister Najib from our press
conference to the new MaGIC Center that's
been set up -- entrepreneurial center that came out of
our global entrepreneur summit that was hosted
here in Malaysia.
And on the ride over, it hadn't started raining
yet, but you could tell it was going
to be raining soon.
And he said that here in Malaysia you've already
seen a change in weather patterns --
it used to be that the dry season
and the rainy season was very clear.
Now it all just kind of is blurring together.
Now, not all of that can be directly
attributed precisely to climate change.
But when you look at what's been happening
all across the country or all around the world,
there's no doubt that weather patterns are changing.
It is getting warmer.
That is going to have impacts in terms
of more flooding, more drought, displacement.
It could affect food supplies.
It could affect the incidences of diseases.
Coastal communities could be severely affected.
And what happens when humans are placed
under stress is the likelihood of conflict increases.
There is a theory that one of the things
that happened in Syria to trigger the protests
that resulted in the terrible, violent efforts
to suppress them by President Assad was repeated drought
in Syria that drove people off their land,
so they could no longer afford to make the traditional
living that they had made.
Now, whether that's true
or not we don't know precisely.
But what we do know is that you see
in communities that are under severe weather pressure --
drought, famine, food prices increasing --
they're more likely to be in conflict.
And you're going to have to deal with this,
unless we do something about it.
So the question is what can we do?
Every country should be coming up with
a Climate Action Plan to try to reduce its carbon
emissions.
In Southeast Asia, one of the most important issues
is deforestation.
In Indonesia and Malaysia, what you've seen is huge
portions of tropical forests that actually use
carbon and so reduce the effects of climate change,
reduce carbon being released into the
atmosphere and warming the planet --
they're just being shredded because of primarily
the palm oil industry.
And there are large business
interests behind that industry.
Now, the question is are we going to in each
of those countries say how can we help preserve
these forests while using a different approach
to economic development that does less
to damage the atmosphere?
And that means engaging
then with the various stakeholders.
You've got to talk to the businesses involved.
You've got to talk to the government,
the communities who may be getting jobs --
because their first priority is feeding themselves,
so if you just say, we've got to stop cutting
down the forests, but you don't have an alternative
opportunity for people then they
may just ignore you.
So there are going to be all kinds of pieces
just to that one part of the problem.
And each country may have a different element to it.
The point, though, is that you have to be part
of the solution, not part of the problem.
You have to say, this is important.
You don't have to be a climate science expert,
but you can educate yourselves on the issue.
You can discuss it with your peer groups.
You can organize young people to interact
with international organizations
that are already dealing with this issue.
You can help to publicize it.
You can educate your parents,
friends, coworkers.
And through that process,
you can potentially change policy.
So it may take -- it will take years.
It will not happen next week.
But our hope is that through this network
that we're going to be developing that
we can be a partner with you in that process.
So I just want to check how many --
how much time do we have here?
Who is in charge?
Ms. Woo: We've got time, Mr. President.
The President: How much time?
Ms. Woo: A couple more questions.
The President: A couple more questions --
all right, because I just want to make sure that
I'm being fair here.
All right, it's a guy's turn.
Let's see -- all right, how about this guy,
because I like his hair cut, the guy with
the spiky hair right there.
(applause)
Male Speaker: In your opinion, what are the top three advice
to fellow Malaysians and government to become
a developed country in six years' time?
As this is one of country's missions
and I think it's important for fellow Malaysians
to contribute together in order to achieve that.
Thank you.
(applause)
The President: Well, I had an extensive conversation
with Prime Minister Najib about
his development strategy.
First of all, Malaysia
is now a middle-income country.
It's done much better than many other countries
in per capita income and growth over the last two
decades, and there's been some wise leadership
that has helped to promote Malaysian exports
and to help to train its people.
You've got high literacy rates,
which is critically important.
Investing in people is the single
most important thing in the knowledge economy.
Traditionally, wealth was defined
by land and natural resources.
Today the most important resources
is between our ears.
And Malaysia has made a good investment
in young people.
So that continues to be I think the most
important strategy for growth in the 21st century.
And in the United States, my main focus
is improving our education system and lifelong learning.
Because part of what's changed in the economy --
in the 20th century, you got a change
at a company, you might stay there for 30 years;
things didn't change that much.
Now you may be at one company and that company
may be absorbed, and you might have to retrain
for a new job because the thing that you were doing
before has been made obsolete
because of technology.
So we have to keep on investing in not only
elementary school and secondary school
and even universities.
But in the United States, for example, we have a
system of community colleges and job training
where somebody who's in their 30s or even 40s
or 50s can go back, get retrained,
get more skills, adapt to a new industry,
and then be a productive citizen.
That's a critical investment that
needs to be made.
The second thing that I know Prime Minister Najib
is focused on -- and this applies throughout
the region -- is if you want to move
to the next level of development, then you
have to open up an economy to innovation and entrepreneurship.
The initial push for growth in Southeast Asia
initially started with exporting raw materials,
and then shifted to manufacturing
and light assembly and being part of the global supply chain.
And that's all a very important
ladder into development.
But now a lot of wealth is being created
by new products and new ideas.
And at least in the United States, for example,
we don't want to just assemble the latest
smartphone, we want to invent
the latest smartphone.
We want to invent the apps and the content
for those smartphones.
And then we have an asset that whoever
is manufacturing it, some of the value
is still flowing to us.
Well, what that requires then is changes
in the economy to make it more open,
to make it more entrepreneurial.
Some of the old systems have to be broken down.
Now, different countries in ASEAN and different
countries around the world are at different
stages of development.
In some countries, the most important thing
for development is just basic rule of law,
and something that I said earlier, which is making sure
that the law applies to everybody in the same way.
I believe if Malaysia is going to take that
next leap, then it's going to have to make sure
that the economy is one where everybody has
the opportunity, regardless of where
they started, to succeed.
(applause)
And that energy has to be unleashed.
And I think Prime Minister Najib understands that.
And the trade agreement that we're trying
to create, the TPP, part of what we're trying
to do is to create higher standards for labor protection,
higher standards for environmental protection,
more consistent protection
of intellectual property -- because increasingly
that's the next phase of wealth.
All those things require more transparency
and more accountability and more rule of law,
and I think that it's entirely consistent
with Malaysia moving into the next phase.
Now, it's hard to change old ways of doing things
-- and that's true for every country.
I mean, China right now, after unprecedented
growth over the last 20 years, realizes
it's got to change its whole strategy.
It's been so export-oriented,
but now they're starting to realize that
if they want to continue to grow they've got to develop
consumer markets inside their own country.
And what that means is, is that they've got to give
workers more ability to spend on consumer goods,
and that they have to have a social safety net
so that workers aren't just saving all the time,
because if they get sick they don't have any social
insurance programs and they don't
have any retirement groups.
And so they're starting to make these shifts,
but these are hard shifts.
Even in a country that's controlled
by the central party that's not democratic.
It's because certain people have gotten
accustomed to and done very well
with an export-driven strategy.
So when you shift, there's going
to be somebody who resists.
That's true in every country.
It's true in the United States.
We've got to change how we do things.
And when you try to change,
somebody somewhere is benefiting from the status quo.
Malaysia is no different.
But I'm confident that you can make it happen.
I'll take two more questions.
And it's a young lady's turn.
So, guys, you can all put down your hands.
(laughter)
Let's see -- this young lady
with the yellow.
Female Speaker: Good morning.
I'm from Indonesia.
The President: Apa kabar?
Female Speaker: Baik-baik saja.
The President: Baik.
Female Speaker: Well, okay, I have a very short question.
What does happiness mean for you?
The President: What does happiness mean to me?
Female Speaker: Yes.
The President: Wow, you guys --
that's a big, philosophical question.
(applause)
I mentioned earlier my family,
and it really is true that the older I get the more --
when I think about when I'm on my deathbed --
I mean, I don't think about this all the time.
(laughter)
I don't want you to think --
I'm still fairly young.
But when I think, at the end of my life
and I'm looking back, what will have been most important
to me, I think it's the time
I will have spent with the people I love.
And so that makes me happy.
But I also think that, as I get older,
what's most important to me is feeling as if I've been true
to my beliefs and that I've lived with some integrity.
Now, that doesn't always make you happy
in the sense of you're laughing or just enjoying life --
because sometimes, being true to your
beliefs is uncomfortable.
Sometimes doing things that you think are right
may put you in some conflict with somebody.
Sometimes people may not appreciate it and
it may be inconvenient.
But I think that part of being satisfied
at least with life as you get older is feeling as if you know
that every day you wake up and there's certain
things you believe in -- for example,
respecting other people, or showing kindness to others,
or trying to promote justice, or whatever
it is that you think is best in you -- that at the end
of each day you can say, okay, you know what,
I was consistent with what I say I'm about,
what I say I believe in -- the image I have of myself.
And when I'm uncomfortable is when I think, you know,
I didn't do my best today.
Maybe I didn't speak out when
I should have spoken out.
Maybe I didn't work as hard on this issue
as I should have worked.
Then I'm tossing and turning
and I don't feel good.
And I think that having that kind of integrity
is important -- where you can look at yourself
in the mirror and you can say, okay, I am who I want --
who I say I want to be.
And nobody is perfect and everybody is going
to make mistakes, but I think if you feel
as if you're always striving towards your ideals,
then you'll feel okay at the end.
Okay, last question.
And it's -- let's see.
No, no, it's a guy's question.
Women, put down your hands.
(laughter)
Okay, I'll call on this gentleman here
because he -- there you go, with the glasses.
Male Speaker: Good evening, Mr. President Obama.
I'm from Malaysia.
I'm an undergrad from University of Malaya.
So my question is, in your position right now,
what values that you uphold the most that you think
is very important, that makes you what you are today?
And what do you wish to bring that value
to the young people of today that can change the world
to become a better world?
Thank you.
The President: Well, thank you.
I'm going to take another question after that,
because I've already answered this question.
Wait, wait, wait -- let me
-- (laughter) --
let me explain the -- what I think is most important
is showing people respect who you disagree with, right?
(applause)
And so, for example,
there's a note over there -- I don't know what those young
people are putting a note about -- but I think that
the basic idea that if somebody is not like you,
if they look differently than you, if they believe
differently than you -- that you are treating them
as you want to be treated.
If you are applying those ideas, I think you're
going to be halfway there in terms of solving most
of the world's problems.
And a lot of that is around some
of the traditional divisions that we have in our society --
race, ethnicity, religion, gender.
Treat people with respect, whoever they are,
and expect your governments to treat
everybody with respect.
(applause)
And if you do that, then you're
going to be okay.
All right, last question.
Young ladies -- wait, wait, wait,
everybody put down their hands for a second.
Okay, now I've heard from -- I've had an Indonesian,
a Malaysian, a Cambodian, Myanmar.
Thailand didn't get called on.
So I think -- all right, Thailand.
Where -- okay.
And the Philippines -- well, see,
I can't call on everybody.
(laughter)
Thailand said -- they were the first
ones to shout.
Go ahead, this young lady right here.
Female Speaker: Hi, President.
Very short question.
What are the things that you regret now that
you have done in the past?
The President: What are the things that I regret?
Oh, the list is so long.
(laughter)
I regret calling on you,
because now I'm going to be telling everybody my business.
(laughter)
No, I'm just joking about that.
(laughter)
I'm now 52.
And I still feel pretty good.
I'm a little gray-haired.
But I will tell you two things I regret --
one is very specific, one is more general.
The specific thing is I regret not having
spent more time with my mother.
Because she died early -- she got cancer
right around when she was my age, actually,
she was just a year older than I am now -- she died.
It happened very fast, in about six months.
And I realized that -- there was a stretch
of time from when I was, let's say,
20 until I was 30 where I was so busy with my own
life that I didn't always reach out and communicate
with her and ask her how she was doing
and tell her about things.
I was nice and I'd call and write once in a while.
But this goes to what I was saying earlier
about what you remember in the end I think
is the people you love.
I realized that I didn't-- every single day,
or at least more often, just spend time with her
and find out what she was thinking
and what she was doing, because she had been such
an important part of my life.
Now, that's natural as young people.
As you grow up, you become independent.
But for those of you who have not called their
parents lately, I would just say that
that is something, actually, that I regret.
The more general answer is I regret wasting time.
I think when I was young I spent a lot of time
on things that I realize now were not very important
and I wish I had used my time more wisely.
Now, I don't want people to spend every minute
of every day working all the time, because you have
to enjoy life and you have to have friends and
you have to appreciate all that life has to offer.
But I do think that in America at least,
but now I think worldwide, we spend an awful lot of time
on diversions -- watching TV or playing video games.
And all that time, when you add it all up,
I say to myself, I could have spent more time learning
a foreign language, or I could have spent more
time working on a project that was important.
And I think it would be useful for all of you
to consider how you're spending your time
and make sure that you're making every day count.
Let me just say this by way of thank you
to all of you.
I think you've asked terrific questions.
I'm so impressed with all of you and what you have
done and what you'll do in the future.
I do want you to feel optimistic
about your future.
Even though I told you about some problems
like climate change that seem so big now,
I always say -- we get White House interns to come
in and they work at the White House, and they're
there for six months, and then I usually speak to them
at the end of six months.
And I always tell them that despite how hard
sometimes the world seems to be,
and all you see on television is war and conflict and poverty
and violence, the truth is that if you had
to choose when to be born, not knowing where
or who you would be, in all of human history,
now would be the time.
Because the world is less violent, it is healthier,
it is wealthier, it is more tolerant
and it offers more opportunity than any time
in human history for more people than any time
in human history.
Now, that doesn't mean that there aren't
still terrible things happening around the world
or in this region.
We still have things like human trafficking.
And we still have terrible abuse of children.
And there are conflicts.
And so these are things that we're going
to have to tackle and deal with.
But you should know that with
each successive generation things have improved just
a little bit.
And over time, that little bit adds to a lot.
And it's now up to you, the next generation,
to make sure that 20 years from now,
or 30 years from now, people look back and say, wow,
things are a lot better now than they were back then.
And there will still be problems 20 or 30 years
from now also.
But they will be different problems,
because you will have
solved many of the problems that exist today.
And America wants to be a partner with you in that
process, so good luck.
Thank you, everybody.
(applause)
Ms. Woo: Thank you very much, Mr. President.
It's been a wonderful opportunity and
we appreciate it very much.
The President: Thank you, everybody.
(applause)