Which one do you recognize?

Why?

How did the Venus de Milo, an armless ancient statue, go from being lost on a tiny Greek

island to an international icon?

It's part of a story that spans centuries - and a possible cover-up that starts with

a missing piece right here.

This sculpture's so popular that you can easily find a 3d scan of it, that's really

good quality — and then get it printed.

And the sculpture itself provides a clue to her popularity because it contains her history.

I really hope I don't screw this up.

The story is hidden right here in the seam.

In 1820, a Greek farmer discovered pieces of a woman carved from marble on his land.

He sold what he found to the French for about 1,000 Francs - today that'd be around $11,000

US - enough for a decent used car.

They took this home - a Venus, split in two, along with some other scattered marble fragments.

Venus has a bunch of imperfections: the arms were not still attached.

Other flaws marred the body.

She was missing her earlobes — probably taken by looters.

A foot was gone, right here.

And a likely base - called a plinth - had broken off.

That would have been right here.

Each half was meant to be joined in the center with iron tenons - imagine two metal rods

joining the two halves.

The rest of the parts likely fell off due to age.

When she was assembled, her scale was really impressive,

At 6'7 inches high and with features like a 12 and a half inch foot.

That's large.

Shaq-esque foot.

But Venus's looks weren't the most important factor in her success.

For that you've got to look to the circumstances in which she was dug up, and the French art

world — it was in turmoil.

This drawing of the Sphinx was made by Napoleon Bonaparte's personal art-looter, Vivant

Denon.

He drew it during his tour of Napoleon's Egypt, while he was searching for art to plunder.

Classical art was considered the most desirable - a tie to the greatness of Rome and Greece.

While Napoleon spent 20 years trying to take over the world, Denon took art from everywhere

Napoleon succeeded.

He directed the Louvre museum under Napoleon's rule, and filled it with the art that he stole.

When Napoleon lost his throne, that massive cache of classical art had to be returned

to its owners.

Suddenly, the Louvre — and France — had a huge problem.

For example, the Vatican got back Laocoon and his sons and the Apollo Belvedere, and

the Italians were reunited with their own looted Venus, Venus de Midici.

The Louvre wasn't empty, but it was desperate.

Then, five years later, Venus turned up on an island in Greece.

The French were willing to do anything to replace that classical art that they lost

when Napoleon got kicked out.

Even massage the truth.

Remember that plinth, the one that got broken off the statue?

We know what the plinth looked like thanks to early drawings.

By the sculptor's name on it and some other clues, it definitively dated the Venus to

130-100 BC - what is called the Hellenistic era.

That was a problem.

It was 200 years after the Classical Period - the one that the critics loved.

So the French tried to hide it.

The plinth “got lost” before Venus went on display at the Louvre in 1821.

With the plinth taken care of, the museum's director declared Venus was definitely “classical”

not Hellenistic.

And the Louvre supported critics who called Venus a work of classical Greek genius.

They gave her a prime spot in the gallery and insisted it was certainly the well-known

goddess Venus — even though she didn't have a label.

Competing interpretations of what Venus's missing arms were doing surfaced, and the

Louvre supported the ones they thought made Venus look most important.

All of this worked.

Venus held a prime spot in the galleries and...became iconic.

The Louvre insisted that she was classical, all the way until 1951, when they finally

reversed course.

Her unique fame was the result of the Louvre's branding campaign to regain national pride.

It's that history that makes her the Venus we recognize.

Maybe the history — is the reason she's still worth seeing today.

OK, so one little public service announcement.

If you want to get your own Venus de Milo 3d printed, I put a link to a really nice

model in the description below.

And I actually got mine done at the local library.

Maybe you can too, and don't make the same mistake I did — get yours in hot pink or

lime green.