at x-rays, and steering clear of patient contact. Let's debunk the public perception myths

在X射線，並避開與病人的接觸。讓我們來揭開公眾的認識誤區吧。

of what it means to be a radiologist, and give it to you straight. This is the reality

的意思，並直接給你說出來，成為一名放射科醫生。這就是現實

of radiology.

放射學的。

Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com.

朱波醫生，醫派內參網。

Welcome to our next installment in So You Want to Be. In this series, we highlight a

歡迎來到我們的下一期《所以你想成為》。在這個系列中，我們將重點介紹

specific specialty within medicine, such as radiology, and help you decide if it's a

醫學內的特定專業，如放射學，並幫助您決定是否是一個特定的專業。

good fit for you. You can find the other specialties on our So You Want to Be playlist. If you

很適合你。你可以在我們的 "所以你想成為 "播放列表中找到其他專業。如果你

want to vote in upcoming polls to decide what future specialties we cover, make sure you're

想在即將到來的民意調查中投票決定我們未來的專業領域，請確保你是。

subscribed.

認購。

If you'd like to see what being a radiologist looks like, check out my second channel, Kevin

如果你想看看作為一個放射科醫生是什麼樣子的，看看我的第二個頻道，凱文。

Jubbal, M.D., where I do a second series in parallel called a Day in the Life. We'll

Jubbal，醫學博士，在那裡我做第二個系列 在平行的叫一天的生活。我們將

be doing a Day in the Life of a Radiologist soon.

很快就會做《放射科醫生的一天》。

When a patient comes in with a specific complaint, unless that problem is skin deep, you can't

當一個病人帶著具體的抱怨來時，除非問題是皮膚深層的，否則你不能。

actually see what the problem is with your own eyes. For example, only a few causes of

實際上是親眼看到了問題的所在。例如，只有少數原因導致的

the commonly presenting complaint of abdominal pain can be diagnosed with just history, physical

腹痛的常見主訴，僅憑病史、體格檢查就可確診。

exam, and lab tests.

考試和實驗室測試。

Fortunately, the field of diagnostic radiology exists, whereby we can use powerful machines

幸運的是，放射診斷學領域的存在，我們可以使用強大的機器。

to visualize what is occurring inside the body. Radiologists are experts in interpreting

以直觀地瞭解身體內部的情況。放射科醫生是解釋以下內容的專家

these images and leverage the power of these machines to both diagnose and treat disease.

這些影像並利用這些機器的力量來診斷和治療疾病。

Imaging modalities are used by most physicians in most specialties. Any time a non-radiologist

大多數專科的醫生都會使用影像學檢查方式。任何時候，一個非放射科醫生

physician orders an imaging study, a radiologist will analyze the images and provide their

醫生要求進行影像學檢查，放射科醫生將分析影像，並提供他們的影像。

assessment, which helps the ordering provider guide the appropriate care to the patient.

評估，幫助訂餐服務提供者指導對患者進行適當的護理。

But radiology isn't just about reading images. Some radiologists use these imaging technologies

但放射學不僅僅是閱讀影像。一些放射科醫生使用這些成像技術

to improve the precision of certain procedures. For example, a suspicious mass in a patient's

以提高某些手術的精確度。例如，患者體內的可疑腫塊。

kidney can be sampled through an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, rather than surgical excision.

腎臟可以通過超聲引導下的針頭活檢取樣，而不是手術切除。

And while the common stereotype suggests radiologists are shy, socially awkward, don't like talking

而常見的刻板印象表明放射科醫生很害羞，社交上很笨拙，不喜歡說話。

to people, and just sit in a dark room all day, that's far from the truth. Radiologists

到人，只是整天坐在黑暗的房間裡，這遠遠不是事實。放射科醫生

aren't isolated and sitting by themselves in reading rooms. While not as high energy

並不是孤立無援，一個人坐在閱覽室裡。雖然沒有那麼高的能量

as the hospital floor or operating room, physicians regularly visit or call the reading room for

作為醫院的樓層或手術室，醫生會定期到閱覽室或致電閱覽室，以獲得

assistance with their patients. And because radiology is a comparatively low-acuity field

幫助他們的病人。而由於放射科是一個相對低急性的領域

compared to other specialties, reading rooms are often laid-back and jovial in nature.

與其他專業相比，閱覽室的性質往往是悠閒而歡快的。

But radiologists' work isn't confined to just reading rooms. While most spend their

但放射科醫生的工作並不侷限於閱覽室。雖然大多數人都是在

time in reading rooms, they can also perform several procedures, ranging from life-saving

在閱覽室的時間裡，他們還可以進行多種手術，從拯救生命的手術，到為病人做的手術。

procedures such as embolizing or ablating cancers with radiation-infused particles,

諸如用輻射灌注粒子栓塞或消融癌症等程序；

to management-defining procedures such as taking a biopsy of a mass in deep areas of

到確定管理的程序，如對深層區域的腫塊進行活檢。

the body that no scalpel can safely reach.

任何手術刀都無法安全到達的身體。

There are a few ways to categorize radiology.

放射科的分類有幾種方法。

Thanks to a flexible job market, radiologists can choose to be more reading-room focused

得益於靈活的就業市場，放射科醫生可以選擇更專注於閱覽室的工作。

or patient-facing.

或面向患者的。

Non-procedural radiologists choose to spend the large majority, if not all, of their time

非程序性放射科醫生選擇將大部分（如果不是全部的話）時間用於

in the reading room.

在閱覽室裡。

On the other hand, you can choose to be heavily procedural, as every subspecialty within radiology

另一方面，你可以選擇重在程序化，因為放射學內的每個亞專業都是如此

involves procedures and provides the opportunity to be patient-facing either in the procedure

涉及到程序，並提供了在程序中面對病人的機會。

suite, at the bedside, or in clinic. Procedures are particularly common amongst breast radiologists,

套房、床邊或診所。這些程序在乳腺放射科醫生中特別常見。

interventional radiologists, and musculoskeletal radiologists.

介入放射科醫生和肌肉骨骼放射科醫生。

As an academic radiologist, your responsibilities will include a combination of reading films,

作為一名學術放射科醫生，您的職責將包括讀片的組合。

teaching residents, and conducting radiology-related research. Many academic radiologists also

教授住院醫師，並進行放射學相關研究。許多學術放射科醫生還

have their own clinic where they evaluate and manage patients. Your clinical duties

有自己的診所，在那裡他們評估和管理病人。您的臨床職責

will generally be at a slower pace compared to private practice to accommodate time for

與私人診所相比，一般會以較慢的速度進行，以適應時間。

teaching, research, and clinic.

教學、科研和臨床。

In private practice or community based practices, the large majority of your time will be spent

在私人診所或社區實踐中，你的大部分時間將花在以下方面

in the reading room and your primary responsibility will be in completing reads of imaging films

閱覽室，您的主要職責是完成影像膠片的閱讀。

in an accurate and timely manner. You'll be spending less time performing procedures

準確、及時地進行。您將花費更少的時間執行程序

related to your subspecialty training.

與你的亞專業培訓有關。

After four years of medical school, radiology residency is a total of 5 years. The first

經過4年的醫學院學習，放射科住院醫師共5年。第一個

year, or the intern year, is either a preliminary or transition year, whereby you obtain clinical

年，或者說是實習生年，是初步或過渡的一年，您可以在這一年裡獲得臨床經驗。

training focused on various internal medicine or surgical rotations. This internship is

訓練的重點是各種內科或外科的輪轉。這種實習是

often performed at a different institution. The subsequent 4 years are dedicated to your

往往在不同的機構進行。隨後的4年時間裡，您的

radiology training.

放射學培訓；

This means as a PGY-1, or post-graduate year 1, you'll be an intern, and as a PGY-2,

這意味著作為PGY-1，也就是研究所學生第1年，你將是一個實習生，而作為PGY-2。

you'll be in your second year out of medical school, but in your first year of radiology

你會在你的第二年 從醫學院出來，但在你的第一年 放射科

training, or R-1.

培訓，或R-1。

We call these “advanced” programs, as they provide training beginning with your

我們稱這些課程為 "高級 "課程，因為它們提供的培訓從您的下列課程開始。

PGY2 year. Other specialties that include advanced programs are anesthesiology, ophthalmology,

PGY2年。其他包括高級課程的專業有麻醉科、眼科。

radiation oncology, and dermatology. Most other specialties include “categorical”

放射腫瘤學和皮膚病學。其他大多數專科包括 "分類"

residency programs, whereby you spend your entire training period at one institution,

住院醫師項目，即您在一個機構度過整個培訓期。

and begin training in your intended specialty in the first year. For example, when I was

並在第一年開始接受預定專業的培訓。例如，當我

in plastic surgery residency, it was a 6 year program all at one institution, and I had

在整形外科住院醫師，這是一個6年的計劃，所有在一個機構，我有。

plastic surgery exposure even in my first month.

整形手術曝光甚至在我第一個月。

Diagnostic radiology is middle of the pack in terms of competitiveness, with an average

放射診斷學的競爭力居中，平均水平為

Step 1 in recent years around 240 and an average Step 2CK in the mid to high 240's. From

近幾年Step 1在240左右，Step 2CK平均在240左右。從

our competitiveness comparison table, radiology ranks at 14 out of 22. If you go directly

我們的競爭力對比表，放射科在22箇中排名14。如果你直接去

to an interventional radiology residency program, it's a bit more competitive, with average

到介入放射學住院醫師項目，它的競爭比較激烈，一般的

Step 1 in the mid 240's and an average Step 2CK in the mid 250's. Considering board

步驟1在240左右，平均步驟2CK在250左右。考慮到板

scores and other factors from the NRMP official data, this places interventional radiology

分數和其他因素從NRMP官方數據，這把介入放射學

at 7 out 22 in terms of competitiveness.

在競爭力方面，在22個國家中排在第7位。

Medical students that typically apply to radiology are friendly, laid-back, and humble individuals

一般申請放射科的醫學生都是友善、悠閒、謙遜的人。

who understand the importance of work-life balance. These are also often the intellectual

懂得平衡工作與生活的重要性。這些人往往也是知識分子。

and curious students, as diagnostic radiology is heavy on thinking and light on the clinical

和好奇心強的學生，因為放射診斷學重思維，輕臨床。

application of medicine. If you enjoyed your preclinical years of medical school more than

醫學的應用。如果你喜歡你的臨床前幾年的醫學院比。

your clinical years, you may prefer the intellectual aspect of medicine.

你的臨床歲月，你可能更喜歡醫學的知識方面。

After radiology residency, you can subspecialize further with fellowship, all of which are

放射科住院醫師畢業後，可以進一步分科，有了fellowship，這些都是

1 year in duration, except for IR.

期限為1年，IR除外。

Interventional radiology, or IR for short, is the most procedure-heavy radiology subspecialty.

介入放射學，簡稱IR，是最重程序的放射學亞專業。

Procedures are minimally invasive, performed using wires and catheters. You can cure cancers,

程序是微創的，使用電線和導管進行。你可以治癒癌症。

stop life-threatening hemorrhage, salvage critical limbs, and reverse disabling genitourinary

止血，搶救危重肢體，扭轉生殖泌尿系統的殘缺。

conditions through an incision merely centimeters long.

通過一個僅有幾釐米長的切口，條件。

This is the busiest and fastest-paced of the radiology subspecialties. While you can do

這是放射學亞專業中最繁忙、節奏最快的專業。雖然你可以做

this as a 2 year fellowship after completing your radiology residency, you can also directly

這作為一個2年的獎學金後完成你的放射科住院醫師，你也可以直接。

go into an integrated interventional radiology residency after medical school, which is a

醫學院畢業後進入綜合介入放射學住院部，這是一個。

6 year path.

6年之路。

Neuroradiology is for those who are highly intellectual, have a passion for learning,

神經放射學適合那些高智商、有學習熱情的人。

and are driven by curiosity. The job of a neuroradiologist is to diagnose pathologies

並被好奇心所驅使。神經放射科醫生的工作是診斷病理。

involving the brain and spinal cord and guide clinical decision-making. Diagnosing strokes

涉及大腦和脊髓，指導臨床決策。診斷腦卒中

is one of the most important responsibilities. You can additionally pursue a neurointerventional

是最重要的職責之一。你可以另外追求神經介入治療。

fellowship afterwards if you are interested in more procedural interventions with the

獎學金後，如果你對更多的程序性干預有興趣，與

brain and spinal cord.

大腦和脊髓。

Breast radiology is heavily patient-facing, whereby you'll hold clinic performing mammograms

乳房放射科主要面向患者，您將在診所進行乳房X光檢查。

and biopsies on primarily female patients. If you find a cancerous lesion, you'll refer

並主要對女性患者進行活檢。如果你發現癌變，你會轉診

to hematology, oncology, or surgical oncology for the next steps depending on the type of

血液科、腫瘤科或腫瘤外科，根據不同的類型進行下一步治療。

cancer.

癌症。

This has the best lifestyle of all the radiology subspecialties, as there are no breast emergencies

在放射科的所有亞專業中，這裡的生活方式是最好的，因為沒有乳腺急症。

requiring overnight call.

需要通宵通話。

Pediatric radiology is for those who enjoy the pathology of pediatrics but not necessarily

小兒放射學是為那些喜歡兒科病理但不一定是

the clinical aspect. The pathology in this patient population is unique, including intussusception,

臨床方面。該類患者的病理情況比較特殊，包括腸套疊。

whereby the colon telescopes on itself, and as a pediatric radiologist, you'll be administering

這樣結腸就會自動伸縮 作為一名兒科放射科醫生 你要做的就是給孩子們做檢查

the air enema for treatment. You'll also see manifestations of rare congenital diseases,

的空氣灌腸進行治療。你還會看到罕見的先天性疾病的表現。

more so than just about any other field.

比任何其他領域都要多。

With MSK radiology, your responsibilities will revolve around sports medicine and orthopedics

在MSK放射科，您的職責將圍繞運動醫學和骨科展開。

in both diagnosis and management. As a result, you'll be working side by side with the

在診斷和管理方面。是以，您將會與以下人員並肩工作。

orthopods. It's a highly procedural field, with joint injections for pain, joint aspirations

矯形器。這是一個程序性很強的領域，關節注射止痛、關節吸納

for diagnosis, and kyphoplasties to treat vertebral fractures.

診斷，以及治療椎體骨折的膝關節成形術。

Body imaging and MRI is the work-horse of radiology and the backbone of the hospital.

人體影像學和核磁共振是放射科的主力軍，也是醫院的骨幹力量。

These are the experts in cross-sectional imaging, meaning CT, MRI, and ultrasound, to diagnose

這些都是橫斷面成像的專家，也就是CT、核磁共振和超聲，來診斷

diseases found in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.

胸部、腹部和骨盆的疾病；

This is a procedure heavy subspecialty, with biopsies, drainages, aspirations, cancer cryoablations,

這是一個程序重的亞專業，活檢、引流、抽吸、癌細胞低溫消融。

and cancer radiofrequency ablations.

和癌症射頻消融術。

There's a lot to love about radiology. Radiology is one of the ROAD lifestyle specialties,

放射科有很多值得熱愛的地方。放射科是ROAD生活方式專業之一。

standing for radiology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, and dermatology. It's not hard to maintain

代表著放射科、眼科、麻醉科和皮膚科。要保持不難

a good work-life balance, and you'll be well compensated for your work, making an

工作與生活的良好平衡，您將獲得豐厚的工作報酬，使您的工作更有意義。

average of $427,000 per year.

平均每年427 000美元。

As more specialties are relying less on the physical exam and more heavily on imaging

隨著越來越多的專科對體檢的依賴程度越來越低，而對影像學檢查的依賴程度越來越高。

to make a diagnosis or monitor a disease, your input is crucial, and you'll know you're

診斷或監測疾病，你的投入是至關重要的，你會知道你是

making a difference and that your voice is being heard.

做出改變，你的聲音被聽到。

Given the lower acuity work environment, the atmosphere is lower stress, and colleagues

由於工作環境較低，氣氛壓力較小，同事之間的關係也比較融洽。

are more amicable and collegial compared to higher stress specialties.

與壓力較大的專業相比，更具有親和力和集體性。

You may not appreciate this now, but you certainly will the farther along you are in training

你現在可能不懂，但你在訓練中越走越遠，你一定會懂的

– there's less nonsense and bureaucratic sludge to work through. Your daily tasks as

- 少了一些廢話和官僚主義的淤泥。你的日常工作作為

a radiologist have a direct impact on patient outcomes, whether it's helping to diagnose

放射科醫生對患者的治療效果有直接的影響，無論是幫助患者診斷，還是幫助患者治療。

a disease or provide an intervention. As a consultant, you won't have to deal with

疾病或提供干預。作為一名顧問，您不必處理以下問題

the difficulties of healthcare delivery such as arguing with insurance, sorting out patient

醫療服務的困難，如與保險爭論、解決病人的問題；

disposition, meaning where they go after they are discharged from the hospital, dealing

歸宿，指的是出院後的去向。

with non-compliant patients, or pleading with consultants to evaluate your patient.

與不符合要求的病人，或懇請顧問評估你的病人。

Lastly, radiology is an innovative field, and you'll be able to play with new toys

最後，放射科是一個創新的領域，你將能夠玩到新的玩具。

and gadgets. While some are afraid of artificial intelligence replacing the job of radiologists,

和小工具。雖然有些人害怕人工智能取代放射科醫生的工作。

it will likely augment and make their job easier rather than outright replace them.

它很可能會增強並使他們的工作更容易，而不是完全取代他們。

While radiology is a great field, it's far from perfect. You won't be on the receiving

雖然放射學是一個偉大的領域，但它遠非完美。你不會在接受

end of gratitude from patients after making the critical diagnosis that allows the primary

做出關鍵性診斷後，患者的感激之情溢於言表，使主

physician to best manage them. This is because as a radiologist, you are less commonly seeing

醫師對他們進行最佳管理。這是因為作為一名放射科醫生，你較少見到的是

patients in person, but rather remotely through images. If you crave patient interaction or

患者本人，而是通過影像遠程。如果你渴望與病人互動或

continuity, radiology won't be able to provide these elements.

連續性，放射科將無法提供這些要素。

Just like its name implies, diagnostic radiology is all about identifying the problem. Much

就像它的名字一樣，放射診斷學就是為了發現問題。多

less often are you the one fixing the problem, as that's the ordering physician's responsibility,

更少的時候是你一個人解決問題，因為這是訂購醫生的責任。

unless you're in interventional radiology. If you like the satisfaction of being the

除非你是在介入放射學。如果你喜歡做一個滿意的人

one to solve the problem or treat the disease, diagnostic radiology may not be able to provide

診斷性放射學可能無法為患者提供解決問題或治療疾病的方法。

that for you.

這對你來說。

And while the stereotypes that radiologists are introverted and awkward are not necessarily

雖然放射科醫生內向、笨拙的刻板印象不一定是。

true, they're unfortunately pervasive in the public eye.

真實的，他們很不幸地在公眾的視線中普遍存在。

How can you decide if radiology is a good field for you? Those who thrive and are happiest

如何決定放射科是否是一個適合自己的領域？那些茁壯成長、最幸福的人

in the field tend to be curious and enjoy the intellectual aspect of medicine. If you

在這個領域往往會有好奇心，喜歡醫學的知識面。如果你

like puzzles, radiology is essentially that – the diagnosis is right in front of you,

像拼圖一樣，放射學本質上就是--診斷就在你面前。

and you simply have to piece together the information to find it.

而你只需要將資訊拼湊起來就可以找到。

If you value work-life balance with time outside the hospital and high compensation, you can

如果你重視工作與生活的平衡，在醫院外的時間和高額的報酬，你可

have your cake and eat it too with radiology. But make sure you enjoy the day to day of

有你的蛋糕，吃它也與放射科。但請確保你享受每天的

what radiologists deal with – namely, reading images, which may leave some of the more outgoing

放射科醫生所處理的工作--即閱讀影像，這可能會使一些更外向的人離開。

or adrenaline-fuelled individuals feeling unfulfilled.

或腎上腺素分泌旺盛的人感到不滿足。

If you have a big ego, radiology may not be for you. You have to be okay knowing that

如果你有一個大的自我，放射學可能不適合你。你要知道

you'll often be underappreciated, with many patients not necessarily knowing you were

你經常會被低估，很多病人不一定知道你是誰。

involved in their care, but your non-radiology physician colleagues will find your help indispensable.

但您的非放射科醫生同事會發現您的幫助是不可或缺的。

Big shout out to the radiologists at Med School Insiders that helped me in the creation of

大力讚揚醫派內參的放射科專家，他們幫助我創作了

this video. If you'd like to work with one of them one-on-one and bolster your application

這個視頻。如果你想與他們中的一個人一對一地合作，並加強你的申請。

as a future medical student or radiologist, visit MedSchoolInsiders.com to learn more.

作為未來的醫學生或放射科醫生，請訪問MedSchoolInsiders.com瞭解更多。

Thank you all so much for watching. If you enjoyed this video, check out our So You Want

非常感謝大家的觀看。如果你喜歡這段視頻，請查看我們的《你想要》。

to Be playlist, where you can find the three other ROAD specialties, namely ophthalmology,

to be播放列表，在這裡你可以找到其他三個road專業，即眼科。

anesthesiology, and dermatology. Much love, and I'll see you guys in that next one.

麻醉學，和皮膚科。很多愛，我們下期節目再見。