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  • When

  • you are there at the bottom, it feels like as soon as you rise to the top or, as they

  • say, become ultra-successful, you are never going down again.

  • Once you build a successful company or make a series of astonishingly profitable investments,

  • even a few million dollars can set you on a path to be financially free for the rest

  • of your life. But a few hundred million dollars should not only provide you with a luxurious

  • life for your remaining days here on earth, but also to your children and grandchildren.

  • But there is another segment in our society

  • that can afford everything they want. Their wealth exceeds the wealth of some nations.

  • Jeff Bezos, has as much wealth as Greece's current GDP. Billionaires are in the best

  • period of time in history. The average billionaire has a net worth of 4.1 billion dollars. Given

  • the markets average, if they would receive an 8 percent return on their wealth, a typical

  • billionaire can earn over 328 million dollars a year, enough cash to provide anyone with

  • super luxuries life. But it's not all sunshine and rainbows, its as difficult to manage so

  • much money as its to get it in the first place. Some people managed to become billionaires

  • but couldn't maintain it to the point where they had to sell all of their assets and file

  • for bankruptcy. Today we are going to explore 5 billionaires who are now officially broke.

  • Number 1, Bernard Madoff

  • He started a brokerage firm back in the 1960s and grew it into one of the largest investment

  • firms. At one point, Madoff Securities was the largest market maker at the NASDAQ, and

  • in 2008 was the sixth-largest market maker on Wall Street. The company went to provide

  • a different kind of financial services. At his peak, Madoff had a net worth of 17 billion

  • dollars until people realized that it was all a scam. It was the largest Ponzi scheme

  • in world history and the largest financial fraud in the history of the U.S.

  • He would attract investors by paying great profits to early investors with funds from

  • more recent investors. No one could resist such profits and ended up investing billions

  • into his firm. 


  • On December 10, 2008, Madoff's sons told authorities that their father had confessed to them that

  • the asset management unit of his firm was a massive Ponzi scheme, and quoted him as

  • saying that it was "one big lie". The following day, FBI agents arrested Madoff and charged

  • him with fraud. The SEC had previously conducted multiple investigations into his business

  • practices but had not uncovered the massive fraud. In March 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty

  • to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive

  • Ponzi scheme. He defrauded thousands of investors. The amount missing from his client accounts

  • was almost $65 billion. Madoff ended up sentenced to 150 years in prison.

  • Elizabeth Holmes 

  • This woman was named the next Steve Jobs,

  • way before Elon Musk was as popular as he is today. She founded Theranos and claimed

  • to have revolutionized blood testing by developing testing methods that could use surprisingly

  • small blood volume, such as from a fingerprick. Holmes raised $6 million to fund the firm.

  • By the end of 2010, Theranos had more than $92 million in venture capital. She was the

  • real deal. In 2014, she appeared on the covers of FortuneForbes, The New York TimesForbes recognized

  • Holmes as the world's youngest self-made female billionaire and ranked her #110 on the Forbes

  • 400 in 2014. Theranos was valued at $9 billion and had raised more than $400 million in venture

  • capital. She was everywhere, giving speeches alongside

  • other billionaires such as Jack Ma to inspire others, but that was probably the peak of

  • her career. In 2015, a series of journalism and investigators

  • revealed doubts about its technology claims and that Holmes had misled investors and the

  • governmentIn 2018, the SEC charged Holmes with deceiving

  • investors by "massive fraud" through false or exaggerated claims about the accuracy of

  • the company's blood-testing technology; Holmes settled the charges by paying a $500,000 fine,

  • returning 18.9 million shares to the company, relinquishing her voting control of Theranos,

  • and being barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company for ten years.

  • Despite having raised more than $700 million from investors, the company is now on the

  • verge of bankruptcy, and Forbes estimates her net worth at zero dollars

  • 
 


  • Jocelyn Wildenstein

  • You probably know here for here extensive cosmetic surgery that ended up in her catlike

  • appearance, but for some reason, she even denies having plastic surgery. But that's

  • not what we want to know. Though she didn't come up with any brilliant idea to become

  • super-wealthy, she took a different path. She married Alec Wildenstein, who was a billionaire,

  • but not self-made. When his father passed away in 2001, he inherited half of his father's

  • business empire that estimated to worth 10 billion. Seems like an easy way to become

  • a billionaire. Not reallyIn 1999, his wife Jocelyn Wildenstein divorced

  • him and received 2.5 billion dollars in her settlements and $100 million each year for

  • the following 13 years. But, you know what happens when you don't

  • earn your billions with your blood and sweat? You waste it faster than you get it. She was

  • known for her extravagant lifestyle. Her telephone bill alone was $60,000 a year. She uses to

  • spend on food and wine $500,000 annually. She spent money like there is no tomorrow

  • but when tomorrow came in knocking, she realised that she had more debt than she can possibley

  • cover and ended up filing for bankruptcy in 2018.

  • 
 


  • 
4. Allen Stanford Stanford first started a bodybuilding gym

  • that failed. His first success in business came from speculating in real estate in Houston

  • after the Texas oil bubble burst in the early 1980s; he made a fortune buying up depressed

  • real estate and selling it years later as the market recovered.

  • But that wasn't enough for him, he wanted more and went to found Stanford Financial

  • Group. He got into the banking the indstry. Business was booming, his net worth reached

  • 2.2 billion dollars at its peak because he continuously delivered higher returns to his

  • investors than market's average which made his business look a bit more suspicious

  • When pitching to investors, he presented hypothetical investment results as actual historical data

  • in sales pitches to clients and claimed his certificates of deposit were as safe as, or

  • safer than, U.S. government bonds. But it was leaked later on that companies

  • under Stanford's control were "rumored to engage in bribery, money laundering, and political

  • manipulation". Seems that's what Allen Stanford meant by a safe investment. So in 2009, Stanford

  • became the subject of several fraud investigations and was charged with fraud. His billion-dollar

  • idea got him 110-year sentence prison, which he is still serving.

  • 
 5. Eike Batista

  • This man, once upon a time, was the 7th richest person in the entire world. Yes! You heard

  • it right! He was one of the few richest people on the entire planet. The question that I

  • want to know an answer is - how do you you go from being worlds 7th richest human to

  • being broke? Here is the recipe. In the 1980s, Batista

  • created and put into operation eight gold mines in Brazil and Canada, a silver mine

  • in Chile, and three iron ore mines in Brazil. From 2004 to 2010 Batista built 5 companies,

  • each focusing on different parts of the production from mining to logistics. And things took

  • off in the beginning. In 2011, Batista was listed as the richest

  • person in Brazil and the most powerful person in the country, placing him as Brazil's most

  • powerful person after Brazil's then-president (Dilma Rousseff ). In early 2012, Batista

  • had a net worth of US$35 billion. 


  • Just when it seemed he is going to be at the top forever, things turned south. As of 2013,

  • due to falling commodity prices, none of his enterprises were profitable despite substantial

  • infusions of cash by the Brazilian government, and Batista was engaged in desperate efforts

  • to shed assets and meet the demands of creditors, which bankrupted his companies by 2014, he

  • was officially broke. He holds the record for having been the fastest destroyer of wealth.

  • He deserves it, comes on, from 35 billion dollars to zero, I didn't know if that's humanly

  • possible. 


  • Bjorgolfur Gudmundsson

  • Björgólfur was Iceland's second businessman worth more than a billion dollars. At one

  • time, he was the majority owner and chairman of the now nationalized Icelandic bank Landsbanki,

  • the second largest company in Iceland. He was ranked by Forbes magazine in March 2008

  • as the 1014th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of $1.1 billion.

  • He started multiple businesses, including a beverage business in Saint Petersburg, back

  • in 1991. But his biggest move was when he gained 45% controlling share of Landsbanki,

  • which is what made him a billionaire. But he miscalculated his moves and didn't see

  • the banking crises that were on a horizon. In 2008, the industry collapsed and destroyed

  • the entire economy of Iceland. His debts rose to over 1.2 billion dollars, so he had to

  • file for bankruptcy. Forbes estimates his net worth today at $0.

  • 
  AND lastly, Patricia Kluge

  • Its another woman who found her way to the

  • billionaires club through marriage. She married John Kluge, who was one of the richest men

  • in the entire country. The marriage worked out until his wife found out that she can

  • earn billions if she files for a divorce, so They divorced in 1990, leaving her one

  • of the nation's richest divorcees, according to Forbes, with assets including the grand

  • Albemarle estate in Virginia, which had an estimated value of around a billion dollars

  • back then. And that's the problem when you become a billionaire

  • through a divorce. You know nothing about the business. You either screw everything

  • on your own or someone around you would fool and rip you off. She thought she could turn

  • it into a profitable venture, but she was dead wrong, so she couldn't maintain her luxurious

  • life and ended up selling furniture and jewelry at auction in a bid to avoid bankruptcy. But

  • it didn't work. 


  • Here is your list of the billionaires who

  • were at the top of the world and could afford anything their hearts desired but ended up

  • broke, bankrupt, and couldn't even pay the rent. So if you are thinking of becoming a

  • billionaire, here are important lessons. Be honest and don't build it by scamming people

  • or ripping off someone's wealth just because you were married to them.

  • 
 I hope you guys have enjoyed the video, and

  • if you did, give it a thumbs up and don't forget to subscribe and turn on your notifications.

  • Thanks for watching and until next time.

When

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B1 forbes billionaire net worth richest stanford fraud

5 Billionaires Who Are Now Broke

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    Summer posted on 2020/10/10
Video vocabulary

Keywords

entire

US /ɛnˈtaɪr/

UK /ɪn'taɪə(r)/

  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole
massive

US /ˈmæsɪv/

UK /ˈmæsɪv/

  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big
average

US /ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ/

UK /'ævərɪdʒ/

  • noun
  • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • verb
  • To add numbers then divide by the number of items
  • adjecitve
  • Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
claim

US /klem/

UK /kleɪm/

  • verb
  • To say that something is true, often without proof.
  • To demand or ask for something that you believe is rightfully yours.
  • To take or cause the loss of (e.g., a life, property).
  • noun
  • A statement that something is true.
  • A demand for something as rightful or due.
beverage

US /ˈbɛvərɪdʒ, ˈbɛvrɪdʒ/

UK /ˈbevərɪdʒ/

  • noun
  • A drink other than water
sentence

US /ˈsɛntəns/

UK /'sentəns/

  • verb
  • (Of a judge) to decide the punishment of
  • noun
  • Official punishment given by a court of law
  • Set of words that make a whole statement
fraud

US /frɔd/

UK /frɔ:d/

  • noun
  • Use of dishonest ways to take something valuable
  • Person who pretends to be what he or she is not
firm

US /fɚm/

UK /fɜ:m/

  • noun
  • Company that sells goods or services
  • adjecitve
  • Fairly hard or solid, not soft
  • Unchanging and strong
  • verb
  • To make something become more solid or durable
estimate

US /ˈɛstəˌmet/

UK /'estɪmət/

  • noun
  • Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
  • verb
  • To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of
financial

US /faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l/

UK /faɪˈnænʃl/

  • adjecitve
  • Involving money