Or is it photography?

或者說，它算是攝影嗎?

Because, of course, this is a photograph

因為，這顯然是一張

that you can't take with your camera.

你無法用你的相機拍出的照片。

Yet, my interest in photography started

我對攝影的興趣開始於

as I got my first digital camera

我得到第一台數位相機的時候，

at the age of 15.

在我15歲那年。

It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing,

它結合了我之前對繪畫的熱情。

but it was a bit different,

但它有點不同。

because using the camera,

因為用相機時，

the process was in the planning instead.

整個過程是在計畫中。

And when you take a photograph with a camera,

當你用相機拍了張照片，

the process ends when you press the trigger.

過程在你按下快門那瞬間結束。

So to me it felt like photography was more about

所以對我來說，攝影

being at the right place and the right time.

比較像是天時地利的配合。

I felt like anyone could do that.

我覺得任何人都能做到。

So I wanted to create something different,

所以我想要創造點不同的東西，

something where the process starts

讓過程的開始

when you press the trigger.

是在你按下快門之後。

Photos like this:

像這樣的照片：

construction going on along a busy road.

在繁忙的道路旁進行施工。

But it has an unexpected twist.

但它有著意想不到的手法。

And despite that,

除此之外，

it retains a level of realism.

它保留某種程度的真實感。

Or photos like these --

或者像這樣的相片—

both dark and colorful,

同時是灰暗又色彩繽紛的，

but all with a common goal

但都存在一個共同的目標

of retaining the level of realism.

就是要保留某種程度的真實性。

When I say realism,

當我說真實性，

I mean photo-realism.

我指的是相片的真實性。

Because, of course,

因為，當然

it's not something you can capture really,

它不是你真的能捕捉到的鏡頭，

but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow

但我總是希望讓它看起來像是可被捕捉

as a photograph.

的一張相片。

Photos where you will need a brief moment to think

是你會需要花點時間去思考

to figure out the trick.

才能發現把戲的照片。

So it's more about capturing an idea

所以這比較算是捕捉一個想法

than about capturing a moment really.

而不單單只是捕捉一個瞬間。

But what's the trick

但，是什麼把戲

that makes it look realistic?

讓它看起來是真實的?

Is it something about the details

是它的細節

or the colors?

還是它的顏色?

Is it something about the light?

是它的光線嗎?

What creates the illusion?

是什麼創造了幻覺?

Sometimes the perspective is the illusion.

有時候透視法就是幻覺。

But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world

但最終，得回歸到我們如何去解讀世界

and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface.

以及它如何在二維的平面上被人們理解。

It's not really what is realistic,

它不是某種真實的東西，

it's what we think looks realistic really.

而是我們認為看起來很真實的東西。

So I think the basics

所以我覺得基本原理

are quite simple.

是很簡單的。

I just see it as a puzzle of reality

我只是把它看作是一個真實性的拼圖

where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together

是你可以將不同的真實拼塊湊在一起

to create alternate reality.

去創造另類的真實性。

And let me show you a simple example.

讓我給各位看一個簡單的例子。

Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects,

這裡我們有三個完全可想像到的實體物質，

something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world.

那是我們活在三維世界裡都可以聯想到的。

But combined in a certain way,

但是以一個特定的方式組合後，

they can create something that still looks three-dimensional,

它們可以創造出某個看起來還是三維的東西，

like it could exist.

就像它可能真的存在一樣。

But at the same time, we know it can't.

但事實上，我們知道它不可能存在。

So we trick our brains,

所以我們欺騙了我們的腦袋，

because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact

因為我們的腦袋無法接受

that it doesn't really make sense.

它是不合理的這個事實。

And I see the same process

而我認為組合照片

with combining photographs.

也是同樣的道理。

It's just really about combining different realities.

它就只是組合不同的真實感。

So the things that make a photograph look realistic,

所以讓一張照片看起來真實的那些東西，

I think it's the things that we don't even think about,

我覺得是那些我們從不曾沒想過的，

the things all around us in our daily lives.

那些一直存在於我們日常生活中的東西。

But when combining photographs,

但在組合相片時，

this is really important to consider,

仔細的思考就變得很重要，

because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow.

因為沒弄好的話它就看起來怪怪的。

So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow

所以我想告訴大家，有三個簡單的規則可以遵循

to achieve a realistic result.

以達到一個真實的結果。

As you can see, these images aren't really special.

就像你看到的，這些影像沒什麼特別。

But combined, they can create something like this.

但組合後，它們可以創造出像這樣。

So the first rule is that photos combined

所以第一個規則是，被組合的相片

should have the same perspective.

應該要有相同的透視法。

Secondly, photos combined

第二，被組合的相片

should have the same type of light.

應該要有一樣的光線。

And these two images both fulfill these two requirements --

而這兩張相片同時符合這兩個條件—

shot at the same height and in the same type of light.

拍照時是在同一個高度且也是同樣的光線。

The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish

第三則是，要做得完全無縫，

where the different images begin and end

讓人無法去辨別

by making it seamless.

不同照片的開始和結束位置。

Make it impossible to say

讓人無法得知

how the image actually was composed.

這影像到底是怎麼合成的。

So by matching color, contrast and brightness

所以藉由搭配顏色、對比及亮度

in the borders between the different images,

在不同影像的邊界間，

adding photographic defects

加上相片的缺陷

like depth of field,

像是景深，

desaturated colors and noise,

不飽和顏色及雜色，

we erase the borders between the different images

我們消除了不同相片間的邊界

and make it look like one single image,

而讓它看起來像是一張照片，

despite the fact that one image

雖然事實上這一張照片

can contain hundreds of layers basically.

可能至少包含了上百張的圖層。

So here's another example.

所以這是另一個例子。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

One might think that this is just an image of a landscape

有人可能會想說這只是張風景照

and the lower part is what's manipulated.

而只有下半部被處理過。

But this image is actually entirely composed

但這張相片其實是完全

of photographs from different locations.

從各個不同地點的照片組合出來的。

I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place

我個人認為，去創造一個地方可能還

than to find a place,

比去找一個地方簡單些。

because then you don't need to compromise

因為這樣你就不需要

with the ideas in your head.

和你腦海中的想法妥協

But it does require a lot of planning.

但它確實需要很多計劃。

And getting this idea during winter,

在冬天的時候有了這個想法，

I knew that I had several months to plan it,

我知道我有好幾個月可以規劃它，

to find the different locations

去為拼圖塊的基礎

for the pieces of the puzzle basically.

找一些不同的地點。

So for example,

所以舉例來說，

the fish was captured on a fishing trip.

這隻魚是在一個釣魚的旅途中拍到的。

The shores are from a different location.

岸邊是從不同的地點。

The underwater part was captured in a stone pit.

水面下的部分是在一個採石場拍到的。

And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red

喔對了，我甚至把島上的房子變成紅色的

to make it look more Swedish.

好讓它看起來更像瑞典風格。

So to achieve a realistic result,

所以為了達到真實的結果，

I think it comes down to planning.

我覺得還是得回歸到計劃上。

It always starts with a sketch, an idea.

它總是從一個草稿開始，一個想法。

Then it's about combining the different photographs.

然後就是組合不同的相片。

And here every piece is very well planned.

而這裡的每一個部份都是事先規劃好的。

And if you do a good job capturing the photos,

然而，如果你能拍到好照片，

the result can be quite beautiful

結果就會很漂亮

and also quite realistic.

而且也很真實。

So all the tools are out there,

所以所有的工具都有了，

and the only thing that limits us

而唯一限制住我們的

is our imagination.

是我們的想像力。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

(鼓掌)