Or is it photography?

Because, of course, this is a photograph

that you can't take with your camera.

Yet, my interest in photography started

as I got my first digital camera

at the age of 15.

It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing,

but it was a bit different,

because using the camera,

the process was in the planning instead.

And when you take a photograph with a camera,

the process ends when you press the trigger.

So to me it felt like photography was more about

being at the right place and the right time.

I felt like anyone could do that.

So I wanted to create something different,

something where the process starts

when you press the trigger.

Photos like this:

construction going on along a busy road.

But it has an unexpected twist.

And despite that,

it retains a level of realism.

Or photos like these --

both dark and colorful,

but all with a common goal

of retaining the level of realism.

When I say realism,

I mean photo-realism.

Because, of course,

it's not something you can capture really,

but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow

as a photograph.

Photos where you will need a brief moment to think

to figure out the trick.

So it's more about capturing an idea

than about capturing a moment really.

But what's the trick

that makes it look realistic?

Is it something about the details

or the colors?

Is it something about the light?

What creates the illusion?

Sometimes the perspective is the illusion.

But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world

and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface.

It's not really what is realistic,

it's what we think looks realistic really.

So I think the basics

are quite simple.

I just see it as a puzzle of reality

where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together

to create alternate reality.

And let me show you a simple example.

Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects,

something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world.

But combined in a certain way,

they can create something that still looks three-dimensional,

like it could exist.

But at the same time, we know it can't.

So we trick our brains,

because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact

that it doesn't really make sense.

And I see the same process

with combining photographs.

It's just really about combining different realities.

So the things that make a photograph look realistic,

I think it's the things that we don't even think about,

the things all around us in our daily lives.

But when combining photographs,

this is really important to consider,

because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow.

So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow

to achieve a realistic result.

As you can see, these images aren't really special.

But combined, they can create something like this.

So the first rule is that photos combined

should have the same perspective.

Secondly, photos combined

should have the same type of light.

And these two images both fulfill these two requirements --

shot at the same height and in the same type of light.

The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish

where the different images begin and end

by making it seamless.

Make it impossible to say

how the image actually was composed.

So by matching color, contrast and brightness

in the borders between the different images,

adding photographic defects

like depth of field,

desaturated colors and noise,

we erase the borders between the different images

and make it look like one single image,

despite the fact that one image

can contain hundreds of layers basically.

So here's another example.

(Laughter)

One might think that this is just an image of a landscape

and the lower part is what's manipulated.

But this image is actually entirely composed

of photographs from different locations.

I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place

than to find a place,

because then you don't need to compromise

with the ideas in your head.

But it does require a lot of planning.

And getting this idea during winter,

I knew that I had several months to plan it,

to find the different locations

for the pieces of the puzzle basically.

So for example,

the fish was captured on a fishing trip.

The shores are from a different location.

The underwater part was captured in a stone pit.

And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red

to make it look more Swedish.

So to achieve a realistic result,

I think it comes down to planning.

It always starts with a sketch, an idea.

Then it's about combining the different photographs.

And here every piece is very well planned.

And if you do a good job capturing the photos,

the result can be quite beautiful

and also quite realistic.

So all the tools are out there,

and the only thing that limits us

is our imagination.

Thank you.

(Applause)