reject, reject, and "In E we trust"?  What is this? Nouns and verbs?  

What, you don't? Oh, maybe - I don't  know. Maybe you guys don't know.  

This particular lesson is about seven verbs - or  are they nouns? Notice I put "noun/verb" here.  

What I mean by this is, there are many words  in English which look exactly the same. Now,  

I'm not talking about words that have  -ing or -ed, where you can say "worked"  

and you know it's a noun - sorry, a verb right  away. But there are some words, they are written  

in a way that you can't tell if it's a noun or  a verb right way. Now, it looks like Mr. E here  

is of two minds. He's looking at the word  "reject" and he doesn't know, are you a reject?  

Or, is something been a reject, or rejected,  right? Noun or verb, and I did the idea there.  

But we're going to do a lesson, and I'm going to  try to teach you how to tell the difference when  

you see the word written the exact same way,  right? I don't want you to reject my offer,  

and this product is a reject.  If you listen very carefully,  

there was a difference I will tell you.  Even though it's not written on paper,  

how you can figure out the difference  between the noun and the verb.  

And to explain this, "In E we trust". A lot of  money around the world, they'll have "In God  

we trust". Now, you see there are two E's, and  I'm going to give you a bit of history because,  

well, it's www.engvid.com . You  get more than your money's worth,  

pardon the pun. January - and the month in  the English calendar - January looks at the  

year before, and the year ahead. And the god is  a Roman god called Janus. And E is looking here  

because his two heads are looking at one word  and the two possible meanings. You like that?  

Me too. Let's go to the board. What are the seven words? Well, if you're in  

business, you're going to hear a lot about, you  know reporting. And you're going to hear a lot  

about refunding or refilling an order or something  like that. And what I've tried to do is give you  

seven words that you probably will  see a lot in your line of work.  

And you may be confused by it when you know  for sure - I know for a fact you've probably  

heard the word "refund", and you know  what a refund is, but when someone says,  

"We have to offer a refund", sorry  "When we refund their money",  

and you're like, "What's the difference?" There's  a difference that makes the difference.  

Typically, what is found is when a word that can  be a noun or a verb and you're confused by it,  

listen to the pronunciation. Now, of course, right  away, you're not going to become an expert at  

doing this, but I'm going to try my best today  to make it clear enough, so I might exaggerate  

a little bit. And I don't necessarily want you  going out there, "I want a REEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEfund!"  

so they know it's a noun. They'll get the point,  whether you get it right. But you want to be  

able to hear when someone speaking to you, right?  Because on paper, it's easy. You read something;  

you can see it. But when they're speaking, you  want to be able to get the idea from the context  

and the way that they speak, what is being offered  to you. Is it a noun or a verb? Alright?  

So, we started off, well he says "reject", but  we're going to start up here. All the nouns are  

in red, and all the verbs in black. And notice  they're exact same except where I've shown you is,  

if you look carefully, where we put more  emphasis or we try to emphasize more of the  

verbs or the vowel sound, it's at the beginning of  the word when it comes to nouns. And when it comes  

to the verb, we tend to emphasize the latter part  of the - the last part and the vowels in the last  

part of the word. So, even though it's the same  word, for instance: I would like a refund for my  

apple. It's broken. It's got  a bite in it, someone ate it.  

But they can - but they might say: We  will refund your money at a later date.  

And I don't go "RE-fund". I go "re-FUND" your  money. The "fund" - mm, this is a delicious apple.  

The "fund" is getting more emphasis  there. So, you can ask for a "RE-fund",  

and we will "re-FUND" your money later, "re-FUND".  

Refund being the actual money that's given to  you. Refunding is actually giving it back.  

Pardon me while I eat, because it's going on for  a minute or two. Mmm, it's actually delicious,  

though. What about "decrease"? Let me  give you a real world example on this one.  

Sometimes, you need to - you need  a decrease in the volume. Oh,  

students used to do it all the time. They wanted  the volume up and down when I was playing a movie,  

and they wouldn't know what to say. Now really,  in English, we say "Turn up the volume" or "Turn  

it down". It comes from old technology when we  literally used to turn it up and down. But now,  

you can increase it or decrease it with a slide.  So, if there is an increase in volume - sorry,  

in this case, a decrease. Well, really emphasize  the DE, there's a "DE-crease" in the volume.  

Now, you need to "de-CREASE" the volume.  Notice this, you need to "de-CREASE",  

you need to "de-CREASE" the volume. That's  the verb, I want you to do something.  

So, "DE-crease", a decrease means a change when  something has gone from something higher and  

has gone to something lower. And to "de-CREASE"  something is to actually bring it down. It's the  

movement of bringing it down. Cool? Great. Now, I know you might say, "Well, I know these  

vocabulary", but the emphasis today is not about  what the vocabulary is. Some of you don't know all  

of these words. It's how to notice the difference  between them when it's a noun and a verb, to  

make it much more informative to you. Informative  means you can understand it. Alright? We want you  

to get better at understanding our language. The  highest test you can have for language is speaking  

and listening. Simply because they happen  instantaneously, and if you make a mistake  

when you speak, you can't take it back. And if you  don't get what someone's saying right away, you  

will make mistakes. Okay? So, let's move on. So, we did increase and decrease,  

and we talked about - and I can say we  have to - here's a real world example,  

decrease our labor force, or decrease the  number of workers we have working for us.  

Yeah. Not something you want to do if  you have a company, but it happens.  

But here's something companies love to  do. They'll say "There was an increase,  

there was an increase in the number of sales this  week." Yes! More money, right? Yeah? And we have  

to "in-CREASE" the price. You know companies  love to increase the price. Notice I said we  

have to "in-CREASE" the price, emphasis on the  back. And there was an "IN-crease" in sales.  

Okay? Let's do refill.  

Now, I've gained a little bit of weight. I'm sure  you all have. You know, when you sit at home, when  

you go to a place that a lot of people frequent,  McDonald's? Yes, I said McDonald's, so pay me!  

They never pay me, never. But in America  and Canada, especially in the United States,  

you can get "RE-fills". I didn't say "refills",  I said "RE-fills". And they walk up proudly.  

See, in your country, you're going to  walk up with a cup this big and go,  

"Can I get a refill, please?" This. In America,  they go, "Can I get a RE-fill?" Haha, this is  

the small!" Okay, clearly not small. But I joked  with you, but we can say, "Fill us for a RE-fill."  

The emphasis is that I want you to put liquid  back in, because "fill" means to put to the top.  

RE-fill it, okay? But if I am - if I will do  a refill for you, I will refill it for you,  

I will "re-FILL". I will put more of an  emphasis on the last part. I'll "re-FILL" it,  

I'll "re-FILL" it, "re-FILL" it, not "RE-fill" it,  I'll "re-FILL" it. While here, "I want a RE-fill,  

please". So, when it's this, "RE-fill". Oh sorry, I have to go back for a second.  

I forgot - and I did decrease. Increase, "in"  means to add on, so you go from one level and  

then "crease" is the change. And to increase  something is that movement of change. Similar  

to what we discussed with "decrease". Sorry, I  make mistakes. I'm only human, okay? Okay.  

So, when we refill, we want to put something  back. It can be a liquid, it can be a product.  

You need to refill the shelves. "re-FILL" the  shelves. It means if there were books or apples  

and they're empty, you now need to  put more back. Cool? Alright.  

I'm going to wait a second. I want you to  try to figure out how you would say this  

and how you would say that. Remember the  rule, if it's a noun, you emphasize what?  

And if it's a verb, you emphasize  what? Okay. So, now you've said it,  

I hope you've said it at least twice out  loud. Listen carefully to how I pronounce it.  

You need a "PER-mit" to work here. You need a  "PER-mit" to work here. I cannot "per-MIT" you to  

be here. I cannot "per-MIT" you to be here. Notice  the difference? I emphasized "PER-mit" here,  

which is a piece of paper giving you authority to  do something. It can be a permit to drive a car,  

for instance, your license is a permit. But to  permit you, and I put the emphasis on the end,  

is to allow you to do something. So, the permit  is the paper. You have a permit to be here?  

Show me the paper. I cannot permit you; I  cannot allow you. Or you are permitted to  

be here. I added -ed to give you a little  bit of a difference, but you're allowed to  

be here. But I cannot "per-MIT" you, and do you  have a "PER-mit"? Told you, it's not easy.  

So, how about we try another one where you can  try and see what the pronunciation will be, okay?  

And this is the one Mr. E did, and you  can see if you're better than E. Ready?  

Now, this time, I'm going to be a little  bit tricky, because I'm going to say them,  

and I want to see if you can guess which one is  which. Are you ready? So, we have to "re-JECT"  

your offer. Sorry, we have to "re-JECT"  your offer. We have to "re-JECT" your offer.  

That is a "RE-ject". That is a "RE-ject". Which  one was the noun, and which one was the verb?  

If you say the second one was the noun, you're  correct, because that was a "RE-ject".  

There's another way to help you, by the way, in  case, you've probably figured out grammatically.  

If it was on paper, it's easy to see. If you  see an article before any of these words,  

it's a noun. A, or the, or an. You won't  see one here. You may see the infinitive,  

to refund, to decrease, to increase, to  refill, to permit, to reject, to insult. Okay?  

That's the easy way of doing it. But you really  want to work on the listening part of it. That's  

what this is more about. We're getting into fine  details to try and get your ear to work better  

to be able to pick up English. Because once  you can fix it one area, how well you listen,  

you can hear it in other areas, okay? Cool. So, if you said "RE-ject" was for a noun,  

congratulations, you got it right.  And if you went to "re-JECT",  

for the verb, correct. If you  didn't get it right, that's okay.  

Because you know we have a quiz coming up and  we're going to work on this again. Alright.  

So, last one, because I want to move on to our  quiz, I'm going to help you with this one. So,  

this is "IN-sult", "IN-sult",  instead of "in-SULT", "in-SULT".  

"IN-sult", you put the emphasis - and if you think  about what the word is - Oh sorry, did we forget  

the "reject" thing? I must be a reject! That's the  second time I've done this in one lesson! Okay.  

I explained what a permit was, as being a  piece of paper you have and to allow you,  

but to reject something is to say no. Actually,  this end part here, "ject" comes from "to throw  

out". So, when you reject something, you throw it  back. You say no, I don't want it. It's a reject.  

And when you reject in this case, you just say  no. So, a reject is something that's not any good.  

You don't want or need, and to reject something  is to say no. So, in both cases, they're  

both negative. You don't like something. And insult, if you don't know what it is, it's  

when you say to something - something to someone  that could be rude about them, their family, their  

country. It's to say you don't like something  in a not nice way. So, it's an insult, right?  

So, to "IN-sult" someone, you can almost feel that  emphasis like, "That was an IN-sult!" You really  

said something I didn't like. Okay? And you can  - you don't have to "in-SULT" anybody. You don't  

have to say something rude. So, I've used two  to help you - let you know that it's - sorry,  

the infinitive, insult anyone, okay? Cool. So, we've got the noun, we've got the verb. To  

make it easy, I put all the verbs  in black, all the nouns in red.  

Our simple rule about going forward when we're  listening to this is that you should put the  

emphasis on the beginning of the word for the  nouns. And for the verbs, you put the emphasis  

on the vowel sounds at the ends of the words. So,  if you've ever been confused when somebody said,  

"You need to refund this, and I have a refund."  And you're like "Eh, I kind of understand but  

I'm confused"? Now you know the big secret is  to, when you're speaking, ask them to repeat  

and listen to the stress. Cool? Alright. So, we've got that down, but they're - you  

know me. I always say there's  knowing - or do I always say that? I  

try to remember to say there's a difference  between knowing and understand. Now, I taught  

you the lesson so I know you know it, but do you  understand it? Let's do a test and find out.  

And we're back. I always think it's important to  know the why, what, and how of doing something in  

a lesson. And it may have escaped me from doing  it at the beginning, so let me fix that now.  

Why am I teaching this lesson? Well, it's not just  a lesson on vocabulary, because these seven words  

we earlier may be familiar to you. Really, what  I wanted to do is help you - help enable you to  

listen more like a native speaker, by being able  to listen to intonation and be able to get the