It's the instrument we all play.

It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.

It's the only one that can start a war

or say "I love you."

And yet many people have the experience

that when they speak, people don't listen to them.

And why is that?

How can we speak powerfully

to make change in the world?

What I'd like to suggest, there are

a number of habits that we need to move away from.

I've assembled for your pleasure here

seven deadly sins of speaking.

I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,

but these seven, I think, are pretty large

habits that we can all fall into.

First, gossip,

speaking ill of somebody who's not present.

Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well

the person gossiping five minutes later

will be gossiping about us.

Second, judging.

We know people who are like this in conversation,

and it's very hard to listen to somebody

if you know that you're being judged

and found wanting at the same time.

Third, negativity.

You can fall into this.

My mother, in the last years of her life,

became very, very negative, and it's hard to listen.

I remember one day, I said to her,

"It's October 1 today,"

and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"

(Laughter)

It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.

And another form of negativity, complaining.

Well, this is the national art of the U.K.

It's our national sport. We complain about the weather,

about sport, about politics, about everything,

but actually complaining is viral misery.

It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.

Excuses. We've all met this guy.

Maybe we've all been this guy.

Some people have a blamethrower.

They just pass it on to everybody else

and don't take responsibility for their actions,

and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.

Penultimate, the sixth of the seven,

embroidery, exaggeration.

It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.

For example, if I see something

that really is awesome,

what do I call it?

(Laughter)

And then of course this exaggeration becomes lying,

out and out lying, and we don't want to listen

to people we know are lying to us.

And finally, dogmatism,

the confusion of facts with opinions.

When those two things get conflated,

you're listening into the wind.

You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.

It's difficult to listen to that.

So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.

These are things I think we need to avoid.

But is there a positive way to think about this?

Yes, there is.

I'd like to suggest that there are four

really powerful cornerstones, foundations,

that we can stand on if we want our speech

to be powerful and to make change in the world.

Fortunately, these things spell a word.

The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well.

I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky

and hits you on the head.

I'm talking about this definition,

to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,

which is how I think our words will be received

if we stand on these four things.

So what do they stand for?

See if you can guess.

The H, honesty, of course,

being true in what you say, being straight and clear.

The A is authenticity, just being yourself.

A friend of mine described it as

standing in your own truth,

which I think is a lovely way to put it.

The I is integrity, being your word,

actually doing what you say,

and being somebody people can trust.

And the L is love.

I don't mean romantic love,

but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons.

First of all, I think absolute honesty

may not be what we want.

I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.

Perhaps that's not necessary.

Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing.

But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,

it's very hard to judge them at the same time.

I'm not even sure you can do those two things

simultaneously.

So hail.

Also, now that's what you say,

and it's like the old song, it is what you say,

it's also the way that you say it.

You have an amazing toolbox.

This instrument is incredible,

and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened.

I'd like to have a little rummage in there

with you now and just pull a few tools out

that you might like to take away and play with,

which will increase the power of your speaking.

Register, for example.

Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time,

but there's a register in between.

I'm not going to get very technical about this

for any of you who are voice coaches.

You can locate your voice, however.

So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference.

If I go down here in my throat,

which is where most of us speak from most of the time.

But if you want weight,

you need to go down here to the chest.

You hear the difference?

We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true,

because we associate depth with power

and with authority.

That's register.

Then we have timbre.

It's the way your voice feels.

Again, the research shows that we prefer voices

which are rich, smooth, warm, like hot chocolate.

Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world,

because you can train.

Go and get a voice coach.

And there are amazing things you can do

with breathing, with posture, and with exercises

to improve the timbre of your voice.

Then prosody. I love prosody.

This is the sing-song, the meta-language

that we use in order to impart meaning.

It's root one for meaning in conversation.

People who speak all on one note

are really quite hard to listen to

if they don't have any prosody at all.

That's where the world monotonic comes from,

or monotonous, monotone.

Also we have repetitive prosody now coming in,

where every sentence ends as if it were a question

when it's actually not a question, it's a statement.

(Laughter)

And if you repeat that one over and over,

it's actually restricting your ability

to communicate through prosody,

which I think is a shame,

so let's try and break that habit.

Pace. I can get very, very excited

by saying something really, really quickly,

or I can slow right down to emphasize,

and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend

silence.

There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence

in a talk, is there?

We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.

It can be very powerful.

Of course, pitch often goes along with pace

to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch.

Where did you leave my keys?

Where did you leave my keys?

So slightly different meaning

in those two deliveries.

And finally, volume.

I can get really excited by using volume.

Sorry about that if I startled anybody.

Or, I can have you really pay attention

by getting very quiet.

Some people broadcast the whole time.

Try not to do that.

That's called sodcasting,

imposing your sound on people around you

carelessly and inconsiderately. Not nice.

Of course, where this all comes into play most of all

is when you've got something really important to do.

It might be standing on a stage like this

and giving a talk to people.

It might be proposing marriage,

asking for a raise, a wedding speech.

Whatever it is, if it's really important,

you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox

and the engine that it's going to work on,

and no engine works well without being warmed up.

Warm up your voice.

Actually, let me show you how to do that.

Would you all like to stand up for a moment?

I'm going to show you the six vocal warmup exercises

that I do before every talk I ever do.

Anytime you're going to talk to anybody important, do these.

First, arms up, deep breath in,

and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that.

One more time.

Ahhhh, very good.

Now we're going to warm up our lips,

and we're going to go ba, ba, ba, ba,

ba, ba, ba, ba. Very good.

And now, brrrrrrrrrr,

just like when you were a kid.

Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive.

We're going to do the tongue next

with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.

Beautiful. You're getting really good at this.

And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr.

That's like champagne for the tongue.

Finally, and if I can only do one,

the pros call this the siren.

It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw."

The "we" is high, the "aw" is low.

So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww.

Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause.

Take a seat, thank you. (Applause)

Next time you speak, do those in advance.

Now let me just put this in context to close.

This is a serious point here.

This is where we are now, right?

We speak not very well

into people who simply aren't listening

in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics.

I have talked about that on this stage

in different phases.

What would the world be like

if we were speaking powerfully

to people who were listening consciously

in environments which were actually fit for purpose?

Or to make that a bit larger,

what would the world be like

if we were creating sound consciously

and consuming sound consciously

and designing all our environments

consciously for sound?

That would be a world that does sound beautiful,

and one where understanding

would be the norm,

and that is an idea worth spreading.

Thank you.

Thank you. (Applause)