Name: 2020年十大科學發現 (Top 10 Biggest Scientific Discoveries of 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-12-08T18:55:29.000Z
Duration: 11 min 7 s

NASA thinks that could be enough water on the moon to create a lunar base and support humans living there.

美國宇航局認為，這可能是月球上足夠的水，可以建立一個月球基地，支持人類在那裡生活。

And today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 biggest scientific discoveries in 2020 the biggest explosion scene in the universe has been found.

而今天我們就來細數一下2020年十大科學發現的選題，宇宙中最大的爆炸場面已經被發現。

The study worked with dozens of doctors and researchers across the US and UK, and these individuals worked with Google Health to train an artificial intelligence system to spot breast cancer.

這項研究與美國和英國的數十名醫生和研究人員合作，這些人與谷歌健康合作，訓練人工智能系統來發現乳腺癌。

For this list, we're looking at amazing discoveries announced in 2020 that added something new door scientific understanding of the world.

對於這個列表，我們正在尋找在2020年宣佈的驚人發現，增加了一些新的門科學理解的世界。

We won't be including vaccines for Kobe 19, although there definitely good news.

我們不會包括科比19號的疫苗，雖然絕對有好消息。

Let us know in the comments which your most excited about If you like what you're hearing, be sure to check out the full song at the link below every now.

讓我們在評論中知道你最興奮的是什麼如果你喜歡你聽到的，一定要檢查出完整的歌曲在下面的鏈接現在。

And I get this feeling like I don't want to Number 10.

我有種感覺，好像我不想當10號。

The first extra galactic planet in 1992 history was made when astronomers finally confirmed the existence of the first exoplanets that is, planets in a star system other than our own science has come a long way, and in 2020 it was announced that the first extra galactic planet had been discovered.

1992年曆史上第一顆星系外行星，天文學家終於證實了第一顆系外行星的存在，也就是除我們自己的科學以外的恆星系統中的行星，取得了長足的進步，在2020年宣佈發現了第一顆星系外行星。

The planet is in a binary star system with a normal star in another stranger object that may be a neutron star or a black hole.

這顆行星與另一個陌生天體中的一顆普通恆星處於一個雙星系統中，這顆恆星可能是一顆中子星或黑洞。

In either case, it's strong enough to rip the larger star apart, and this process is producing X rays.

不管是哪種情況，它的強度都足以將較大的恆星撕裂，而這個過程就是產生X射線。

By studying these X rays, scientists were able to observe a planetary transit incredible, considering it happened over 23 million light years away.

通過研究這些X射線，科學家們能夠觀察到一個不可思議的行星過境，考慮到它發生在2300萬光年之外。

Number nine Ghost particles in Antarctica Neutrinos are particles that are so difficult to detect their widely nicknamed ghost particles.

第九號 南極洲的幽靈粒子 中微子是一種很難探測的粒子，它們被廣泛地暱稱為幽靈粒子。

Neutrinos are fundamental particles of the universe.

Born in the incredible energy of the Big Bang.

在大爆炸的不可思議的能量中誕生。

They can tell us about everything from the birth of the universe to the nuclear reactions that power our cities.

它們可以告訴我們從宇宙的誕生到為我們的城市提供動力的核反應的一切。

They have next to no mass and barely interact with gravity.

它們幾乎沒有品質，幾乎不與引力相互作用。

But this year the Antarctic impulsive, transient antenna detected neutrinos passing through the ice at a bizarre angle, as though the neutrinos were coming from inside the earth itself.

但今年南極的脈衝式瞬態天線以一種奇異的角度探測到了穿過冰層的中微子，彷彿中微子是來自地球本身內部。

Anita stands for the Antarctic impulsive, transient antenna that flies over the Antarctic continent, a stratospheric balloon payload and looks for the signatures of high energy neutrinos that crash into some Adam in the ice.

阿尼塔代表的是南極衝動、瞬態天線，它飛越南極大陸，是平流層氣球有效載荷，尋找高能中微子的信號，在冰面上撞上一些亞當。

This led to theories that the particles air coming from a quote parallel universe where time runs backward.

這導致了粒子空氣來自於一個時間向後運行的平行宇宙的理論。

This is most likely not true, but these observations have taught us much more about thes most mysterious particles and how they interact with the ice at the South Pole number eight, the largest known explosion.

這很可能不是真的 但這些觀測結果讓我們瞭解了更多關於最神祕的粒子 以及它們如何與南極八號的冰層相互作用，這是已知最大的爆炸。

If a black hole explodes and no one is around to see it, did it happen?

如果一個黑洞爆炸了，周圍沒有人看到，那它發生了嗎？

We recently discovered the cavity left behind by the largest known explosion ever detected roughly 390 million light years away from Earth.

我們最近發現了有史以來最大的已知爆炸所留下的空腔，該爆炸距離地球約3.9億光年。

In the office Mucus Galaxy cluster, the biggest explosion scene in the universe has been found.

在辦公室粘液星系群中，發現了宇宙中最大的爆炸場景。

This record breaking, gargantuan eruption came from a black hole in a distant galaxy cluster hundreds of millions of light years away.

這場破紀錄的巨大噴發來自於數億光年外一個遙遠星系團的黑洞。

This explosion didn't come at the end of the black holes lifespan, however.

不過，這次爆炸並不是在黑洞壽命結束的時候發生的。

It's a supermassive black hole millions of times bigger than our sun, which seems to have spewed out a massive jet of radiation and matter.

這是一個比太陽大幾百萬倍的超大品質黑洞 它似乎噴出了大量的輻射和物質．

This happens when matter falling toward the black hole is redirected into jets or beams that blast outward into space and slam into any surrounding material.

當向黑洞落下的物質被重新引導成射流或光束，向外轟擊空間，並撞向任何周圍的物質時，就會發生這種情況。

The vacuum left behind is 15 times larger than the Milky Way galaxy.

We've known there's ice on the moon for a long time, but in 2020 it was confirmed that liquid water exists on the lunar surface.

我們早就知道月球上有冰，但在2020年證實月球表面存在液態水。

We already knew that there was water ice hidden on the moon's desert like surface.

我們已經知道，在月球的沙漠一樣的表面，隱藏著水冰。

Pockets of water, some no bigger than a penny, could be much more common on accessible than we previously thought.

兜裡的水，有的不比一分錢大，可能比我們之前想象的更常見。

NASA Sofia Ah flying observatory loaded onto an airliner has detected water molecules on the near side of the moon.

美國宇航局索菲亞啊飛行觀測站裝載在一架客機上，探測到了月球近側的水分子。

The molecules aren't close enough to each other to form pools, but this is still incredibly significant, with space agencies planning to return to the moon.

這些分子之間的距離不夠近，無法形成池子，但這仍然具有不可思議的意義，航天機構計劃重返月球。

Another NASA study suggested that more water ice than previously thought could be trapped in pockets and shadowed regions.

美國宇航局的另一項研究表明，可能有比之前認為的更多的水冰被困在口袋和陰影區域。

Thes discoveries mean that astronauts could draw upon a local supply of water from the moon itself rather than depending exclusively on frequent deliveries from Earth.

這些發現意味著太空人可以從月球本身獲取當地的水供應，而不是完全依賴地球的頻繁輸送。

The origin of carbon All life on Earth is based on carbon, the fourth most common chemical element in the universe.

碳的起源 地球上所有的生命都是以碳為基礎的，碳是宇宙中第四種最常見的化學元素。

But it wasn't until 2020 that we had a solid theory on how carbon actually forms.

但直到2020年，我們才有了關於碳到底是如何形成的堅實理論。

It turns out that white dwarfs, the stellar cores of dead stars, are the primary source of carbon and the galaxy.

原來，白矮星是死亡恆星的恆星核心，是碳和銀河系的主要來源。

This is because white dwarf stars are better able to fuse heavier elements like carbon as well as oxygen, compared with main sequence stars.

這是因為與主序星相比，白矮星更能融合碳以及氧等較重的元素。

The latter typically fuse hydrogen, the lightest element into helium dying when they exhaust their fuel.

後者通常會將最輕的元素氫熔化成氦氣，當它們耗盡燃料時就會死亡。

Number five, the first image of a system with multiple exoplanets.

第五號，第一個擁有多顆系外行星的系統影像。

Extra galactic planets are all well and good, but there are plenty of planetary mysteries here in the Milky Way.

銀河系外的行星都很好，但銀河系內也有很多行星之謎。

While we've been able to photograph exoplanets a few times before, 2020 marked the first photograph of a multi planet system around a sun like star.

雖然我們之前已經能夠拍攝到幾次系外行星，但2020年標誌著首次拍攝到太陽一樣的恆星周圍的多行星系統。

The image was captured in July by the European Southern observatory and shows the star and the two gas giants orbiting it.

這張圖片是歐洲南方天文臺在7月拍攝的，顯示了這顆恆星和圍繞它運行的兩顆氣體巨行星。

We also found out this year that new mathematical modeling used by NASA suggests many exoplanets may have oceans and that more than half of sun like stars in our galaxy could host planets in the Goldilocks Zone.

我們今年還發現，美國宇航局使用的新數學模型表明，許多系外行星可能有海洋，銀河系中超過一半的太陽狀恆星可能在金髮區寄居行星。

We may be wary of artificial intelligence, but there are some things that a I is far better at doing, like diagnosing breast cancer.

我們可能會對人工智能持謹慎態度，但有些事情是一個I更擅長做的，比如診斷乳腺癌。

It was recently found out that Google's Deepmind AI was actually better at reading mammograms and detecting breast cancer early than doctors in clinical trials.

最近發現，在臨床試驗中，谷歌的Deepmind人工智能在閱讀乳房X光片和早期發現乳腺癌方面的能力居然比醫生強。

The AI reduced instances of both false positives and false negatives.

AI減少了假陽性和假陰性的實例。

Deepmind isn't gonna be a replacement for doctors that make informed decisions based on patient history.

Deepmind不會取代醫生根據患者病史做出明智的決定。

It's gonna work alongside medical professionals as an invaluable tool to help fight one of the most common cancers in the world.

它將與醫療專業人士一起工作，作為一種寶貴的工具，幫助對抗世界上最常見的癌症之一。

This mammogram shows a malignancy outlined in yellow that all six radiologist missed but our algorithm caught.

這張乳房X光片顯示了一個黃色勾勒的惡性腫瘤，六位放射科醫生都沒有發現，但我們的算法卻發現了。

However, there were also cases that are all six radiologist caught, but the algorithm didn't and so it's clear that they're making, hopefully complimentary decisions.

不過，也有一些病例是六位放射科醫生都抓到了，但算法沒有抓到，所以很明顯，他們是在做，希望是恭維的決定。

We may not have superpowers yet, but we could soon have superpowered blood cells.

我們可能還沒有超能力，但我們很快就能擁有超能力的血細胞。

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is what makes them red and carry oxygen from our lungs to our hearts and then to the rest of our body.

紅細胞中含有血紅蛋白，它是使紅細胞變紅的原因，並將氧氣從我們的肺部輸送到心臟，然後再輸送到我們身體的其他部位。

Scientists have managed to create synthetic red blood cells that can do even mawr.

科學家們已經成功地製造出了合成的紅細胞，甚至可以做到毛。

They're created by coating donated cells in silica, which is then covered with positively and negatively charged polymers.

它們是通過將捐贈的細胞塗在二氧化硅上，然後用帶正電荷和負電荷的聚合物覆蓋而產生的。

This creates artificial cells that are the same size, shape and just as flexible.

這樣就可以創造出大小、形狀都一樣的人工細胞，而且同樣靈活。

They've worked well in mice and could become a new way to detect toxins, deliver therapeutic drugs and fight cancer.

它們在小鼠身上效果很好，可以成為檢測毒素、輸送治療藥物和抗擊癌症的新方法。

Number two, The first video of atoms forming chemical bonds.

第二，原子形成化學鍵的第一個視頻。

Adams are so small that we need extremely powerful electron microscopes to study them.

亞當斯是如此之小，以至於我們需要極其強大的電子顯微鏡來研究它們。

Ah, lot of our knowledge is based on influence rather than actually watching them doing their thing.

啊，我們的很多知識都是建立在影響的基礎上的，而不是真正的看他們做的事情。

But now the first ever video of atoms forming and breaking bonds to create molecules has been filmed by physicists who trapped too rainy, um, Adams in a carbon nanotube.

但現在，有史以來第一段原子形成和破壞鍵以創建分子的視頻已被物理學家拍攝下來，他們將太雨，嗯，亞當斯困在碳納米管中。

It may be hard to believe that the grainy footage came from 2020 but it is the cutting edge of science and one of the most remarkable things ever seen.

也許很難相信，這段顆粒狀的鏡頭來自2020年，但它是科學的前沿，也是有史以來最了不起的事情之一。

The technique will enable us to study atoms like never before.

這項技術將使我們能夠以前所未有的方式研究原子。

Signs of life on Venus Phosgene detected in the Venusian cloud belt could be a sign of microbial life.

金星上的生命跡象 在金星雲帶中檢測到的磷脂烯可能是微生物生命的標誌。

Finding a gas like this on Venus is really exciting because of the possibility that it could have also been produced by life like it is on the earth.

在金星上發現這樣的氣體真的很讓人興奮，因為它有可能也像地球上一樣由生命產生。

Vocal cords were three D printed, uh, mhm Wonder Chicken.

This fossilized foul is a missing link between dinosaurs and birds.

這塊化石是恐龍和鳥類之間缺少的一環。

We have discovered the world's oldest modern bird fossil.

我們發現了世界上最古老的現代鳥類化石。

This is a fossil from just a few 100,000 years before the asteroid struck and wiped out the giant dinosaurs about 66.2 million years ago.

這是一塊化石，來自於大約6620萬年前小行星撞擊並消滅巨型恐龍之前的幾十萬年。

Before we continue, be sure to subscribe to our channel and ring the bell to get notified about our latest videos, you have the option to be notified for occasional videos or all of them.

在我們繼續之前，一定要訂閱我們的頻道，按鈴就能收到我們最新的視頻通知，你可以選擇不定期的視頻通知，也可以選擇全部的視頻通知。

If you're on your phone, make sure you go into your settings and switch on notifications.

如果你在手機上，請確保你進入設置並打開通知。

Brain Cancer Vaccine In 2019, researchers published a study showing that they'd successfully treated bone cancer in dogs with a new type of immunotherapy.

腦癌疫苗 2019年，研究人員發表了一項研究，顯示他們已經成功地用一種新型免疫療法治療了狗的骨癌。

They'd managed to create a vaccine from the cancerous tumors themselves.

他們設法從癌瘤中製造出一種疫苗。

By summer 2020 thes findings were being used to develop vaccines for human cancers, specifically certain brain cancers.

到2020年夏天，這些研究結果被用於開發人類癌症的疫苗，特別是某些腦癌。

Every time that we conduct a clinical trial, every time we make a breakthrough in a dog or a cat with a new excellent response to a novel therapy, I think about the people that can benefit from that.

每當我們進行臨床試驗，每當我們在狗或貓身上取得突破，對新型療法有了新的出色反應時，我都會想到那些可以從中受益的人。

It's still early days, but the treatment has been approved to enter clinical trials by the FDA in the US If successful, it could mean we have an amazing new treatment for human cancer that doesn't require chemotherapy.

現在還是早期，但該療法已被美國FDA準許進入臨床試驗如果成功，這可能意味著我們有一個驚人的人類癌症新療法，不需要化療。

And at the very least, this is good news for man's best friend.

而至少，這對人類最好的朋友來說是個好消息。

 And, hey, if you're a fan of the song playing right now, be sure to check out the music video for it right here. 

還有，嘿嘿，如果你是現在正在播放的歌曲的粉絲，一定要在這裡查看它的音樂視頻。