Friends. It's December and a New  Year's Eve pact has been made. 

朋友們，現在是12月，我們已經達成了新年約定。現在是12月，新年的約定已經達成。

You're going to break the pact.  She's going to break the pact. 

你要打破約定。 她要毀約了。

No. No. No. No. No. No. Does she?  

不，不，不，不，不，是嗎？

We're going to do an in-depth analysis of  this scene from Friends to study the rhythm,  

我們要對《朋友》中的這一幕進行深入分析，研究一下節奏。

linking, and reductions. All the things that make  American English sound American. You're going to  

連接，和還原。所有讓美式英語聽起來像美國人的東西。你要

improve your listening comprehension and learn  an idiom, a different way to use the word 'snap'. 

提高聽力理解能力，學習一個成語，"啪 "字的不同用法。

I make new videos every Tuesday to help you  speak faster and more natural English, you'll  

我每週二都會製作新的視頻，幫助你說更快、更自然的英語，你將會得到

even be able to watch TV without subtitles. If  you like this video or you learned something new,  

甚至能夠在沒有字幕的情況下看電視。如果你喜歡這個視頻，或者你學到了新的東西。

please give it a thumbs up and subscribe with  notifications, I'd love to see you back here. 

請給它豎起大拇指，並用通知訂閱，我很樂意看到你回到這裡。

Last week, we studied a clip where  they made a pact for New Year's. 

上週，我們學習了一個片段，他們約定過年。

I say this year, no dates. We make  a pact, just the six of us, dinner. 

我說今年不約。我們約定，就我們六個人，吃飯。

In today's scene, that pact starts to  fall apart. First, we'll watch the scene,  

在今天的場景中，這個約定開始破裂了。首先，我們來看一下現場的情況。

then we'll do an in-depth analysis. I just want to be with him all the  

然後我們再做深入分析。我只是想和他一直在一起

time. You know? Day and night, and  night and day, and special occasions. 

時候。你知道嗎？日日夜夜，日日夜夜，還有特殊場合。

Wait a minute. Wait, I see where this is  going. You're going to ask him the New Year's,  

等等，我知道這是怎麼回事了。等等，我知道這是怎麼回事了。你要去問他的新年。

aren't you? You're going to break the  pact. She's going to break the pact. 

你不是嗎？你會破壞協議的。她會毀約的。

No. No. No. No. No. No. Yeah, could I just? 

不，不，不，不，不，不，是的，我可以嗎？

Yeah, 'cause I already asked Janice. Come on! This was a pact! This was your pact! 

是啊，因為我已經問過珍妮絲了。來吧，這是個約定！這是一個協議！這是你的約定！

I snapped, okay? I couldn't  handle the pressure and I snapped. 

我崩潰了，好嗎？我承受不了壓力，所以我崩潰了。

Yep, but Janice, that was like  the worst breakup in history. 

是的，但珍妮絲，這就像最糟糕的分手 在歷史上。

I'm not saying it was a good  idea. I'm saying I snapped.  

我不是說這是一個好主意。我是說我崩潰了

In a moment, we'll do the analysis. First, I want  to make sure you know in January, on this channel,  

一會兒，我們就來做分析。首先，我想讓你知道在1月份，在這個頻道上。

there will be a 30-day challenge, learn 105  vocabulary words with me to start your 2021.  

會有30天的挑戰，和我一起學習105個詞彙，開始你的2021。

One video every day for 30 days starting the first  Tuesday in January. Click here or in the video  

從1月的第一個星期二開始，30天內每天一個視頻。點擊這裡或在視頻中

description to get on my special student list,  to follow the series, and blow up your vocabulary  

說明要上我的特長生名單，要關注這個系列，要把你的詞彙量打爆。

this January. Now, let's do that analysis.

今年一月。現在，我們就來分析一下。

I just want to be with him all the time. 

我只是想一直和他在一起。

What do you think is the most  stressed word in that sentence? 

你認為這句話中最強調的是什麼詞？

I just want to be with him all the time.

我只是想一直和他在一起。

I'm feeling the most stressed word to be 'all'.  

我感覺最強調的是 "都 "字。

I just want to be with him all the time. Now we  do have some other words that have some stress.  

我只想一直和他在一起。現在我們還有一些其他的詞，有一些壓力。

I would say I, she's stressing herself and this is  her boyfriend she's talking about. I just want to  

我想說的是，我，她在給自己壓力，她說的這個是她男朋友。我只是想

be with him, be with him, a little bit of stress  there, all the time, and some stress on time, but  

和他在一起，和他在一起，那裡有一點壓力，一直都有，時間上也有一些壓力，但是。

I think all has the most. I just want to be with  him. Let's look at these words, all of the words  

我想所有的人都有最。我只想和他在一起。讓我們看看這些話，所有的話語。

leading up to our peak of stress for the sentence,  all. Let's just listen to those words together. 

導致我們對這句話的壓力峰值，所有。我們就一起聽聽這幾個詞。

I just want to be with him..

我只是想和他在一起...

I just want to be with him, I just want to be  with him, I just want to be with him. Said pretty  

我只想和他在一起，我只想和他在一起，我只想和他在一起。說的漂亮

quickly and everything links together, doesn't it? Let's talk about that linking, that's so natural  

迅速，一切都鏈接在一起，不是嗎？讓我們來談談這種聯繫，那是如此的自然

in American English. I just want to-- just want  to-- She drops the T in just, it's very common  

在美國英語中。我只是想... ... 只是想... ... 她滴T在只是，這是非常常見的。

when we have an ending cluster like ST or CT and  the next word begins with a consonant, it's very  

當我們有一個像ST或CT這樣的結尾詞組，而下一個詞的開頭是輔音時，它就會很

common to drop that T, and that's what she does  here, the S right into the W. Now she doesn't say  

她在這裡就是這麼做的，把 "S "變成了 "W"，現在她沒有說 "S"，而是說 "W"。

'want to' she says that very common reduction  'wanna'. Now if you're wondering what vowels  

'想'她說那個很常見的縮略詞'想'。如果你想知道什麼元音？

should I put in there, you have a couple options.  I would say UH as in butter, wuh, wuh, wanna,  

我應該把在那裡， 你有幾個選項。 我會說UH，因為在黃油，Wuh，Wuh，想。

would be the best choice for that  first syllable. I just want to-- and  

將是最好的選擇 第一個音節。我只是想...

then the final syllable should be the  schwa. I just want to, I just want to.

那麼最後的音節應該是分音符。我只是想，我只是想。

I just want to,

我只是想。

be with him.

與他同在。

Be with him, be with him, be with him. So for  the word with, that's the unvoiced TH and the  

和他在一起，和他在一起，和他在一起。所以，對於with這個詞，就是不發聲的th和。

word him, it's very common to drop the H there.  Be with him. Be with him. But I do hear that she  

字他，很常見的是在那裡掉H。 和他在一起和他在一起但我確實聽說她

is saying the H, it's just unstressed, it's said  quickly. For this unvoiced TH, you can actually  

是說H，只是沒有壓力，說的很快。對於這個未發聲的TH，其實你可以

see her tongue tip does come through, it's a  little bit grainy but we can see the tongue.  

看到她的舌尖確實通過， 這是一個有點顆粒狀，但我們可以看到舌頭。

Be with him..

和他在一起...

all the time. 

一直都在。

All the time, all the time. So the word all,  we have a dark L there. You don't need to lift  

所有的時間，所有的時間。所以所有這個詞，我們那裡有一個暗L。你不需要舉起

your tongue tip, it's not: all, all. But all,  uhl, uhl. That sound is made with the tongue  

你的舌尖，它不是：所有，所有。而是全部，呃，呃，呃。這個音是用舌頭髮出的

tip down and the back part of the tongue  pressing down and back. All, uhl, uhl.  

舌尖向下，舌頭的後半部分向下和向後壓。所有，呃，呃。

Then just go into your TH sound for the  word 'the'. Do not lift your tongue tip. All  

然後，只要進入你的TH音的 "the "字。不要抬起你的舌尖。所有的

the, the, the, the. An unstressed word like this  that begins with the voiced TH, you don't need to  

的，的，的，的。像這種以聲母th開頭的無壓力詞，你不需要

bring your tongue tip through like you did for the  unvoiced TH. Unvoiced TH have to bring your tongue  

把你的舌尖穿過，就像你對無聲TH所做的那樣。未發聲的TH必須把你的舌頭...

tip through, voiced TH, you don't necessarily  have to. And if it's an unstressed word like the,  

提示過，有聲的TH，你不一定要這樣做。而如果是像the這樣的無壓力詞。

then you can get away with not bringing the tip  all the way through, but just touching the tongue  

那你就可以不用把舌尖貫穿，而只是觸及舌尖。

to the backs of the teeth. The, the, the, the. The  tongue might show through the cracks a little bit,  

到牙齒的背面。的，的，的，的。舌頭可能會從縫隙中露出來一點。

but you don't have to make the effort to put the  tongue tip through. That takes a little bit more  

但你不必努力把舌尖穿過去。這需要多一點

time than we want for this unstressed word, so  make sure it's not dd-- with the tongue tip at  

比我們想要的時間 對於這個無壓力的單詞， 所以確保它不是dd -- 與舌尖在

the roof of the mouth coming down but: the, the,  the, the, the, the tongue poking straight forward  

舌尖下探

and coming back. The, the, the, the, all the,  all the, all the, all the, all the, all the time.

和回來。的、的、的、的、的、的、的、的、的、的、的、的、的。

All the time.

所有的時間。

And the word 'time' starts with the true T,  

而 "時間 "這個詞是以真T開頭的。

then we have the AI diphthong, and  the M consonant. Time, time, time.

然後我們有AI雙音，和M輔音。時間，時間，時間。

Time.

時間。

You know?

你知道嗎？

You know? You know? You know? You know?  

你知道嗎？你知道嗎？ 你知道嗎？你知道嗎？ 你知道嗎？你知道嗎？ 你知道嗎？

This can be said really quickly and unclearly,  like she does. The word 'you' reduces to:  

這話可以說得非常快，也不清楚，像她這樣。'你'字減少到。

ye, ye, ye, ye. You know? You know? You know?  Pitch goes up, it's a yes no question, even though  

你，你，你，你，你。你知道嗎？你知道嗎？你知道嗎？ 音調上升，這是一個肯定的問題，沒有問題，即使是

she's not expecting anyone to answer it. You  know? You know? You know? See how quickly and  

她不希望有人接聽。你知道嗎？ 你知道嗎？你知道嗎？ 你知道嗎？你知道嗎？你看，多麼迅速和

sloppily you can make that, it's not: You know?  

你可以馬馬虎虎地做，這不是。你知道嗎？

Way less mouth movement than that. You know?  You know? Try to simplify your mouth movements.

嘴的動作比這少多了。你知道嗎？ 你知道嗎？儘量簡化你的嘴部動作。

You know?

你知道嗎？

Day and night.

白天和晚上。

Two stressed words with an  unstressed word in between. Day  

兩個強調的字，中間有一個不強調的字。日

and night. Stop T at the end, that's  because it's the end of the thought group,  

和晚上。把T停在最後，那是因為這是思維組的結束。

the word 'and' is not pronounced, and, with a  full AA vowel, N, D sound. How is it pronounced?

'和'字不發音，而且，帶有完整的AA元音，N、D音。怎麼讀呢？

Day and night.

白天和晚上。

And, and, and, and, and very quickly, the D is  dropped. I don't think the vowel reduces. It's not nn, nn.

還有，還有，還有，還有，還有，還有，很快，D就掉了。我不認為元音會減少。這不是nn，nn。

day and-- day and night, but it's day and, and,  and, and, and, day and night, and, and, and.  

白天和... 白天和晚上，但它是白天和，和，和，和，白天和晚上，和，和，和。

Day and night,

白天和晚上。

and night and day.

和白天和黑夜。

Now here she does reduce the vowel in the word  'and' so she doesn't say an-- but she says nn, nn, nn, nn, nn.  

在這裡，她確實減少了 "和 "字的元音，所以她沒有說an -- 但她說nn，nn，nn，nn，nn，nn。

And I would write that schwa N, and  night and day. Now here she does do  

我會寫那個分音符N，夜以繼日。現在她在這裡做

again a more clear pronunciation. The  D is dropped but it is the AA vowel,  

又是一個比較清晰的讀音。D被去掉了，但它是AA元音。

so there are a couple different  ways you can reduce the word and,  

所以有幾種不同的方法可以減少單詞和。

you can reduce it by dropping the D, which  she does here, and here, or you can reduce  

你可以減少它的D，她在這裡做的，和這裡，或者你可以減少。

it by dropping the D and reducing the vowel,  which is what she does in the middle one.

它的方法是去掉D，減少元音，這是她在中間那個。

And night and day,

而且夜以繼日。

And night and day, and night and day. So more reduced the first time,  

而且夜以繼日，夜以繼日。所以更減少了第一次。

less reduced the second time in this sentence  fragment. And she does do another stop T here,  

少減少了這個句子片段中的第二次。而她在這裡確實又做了一個停頓T。

she doesn't link them together with  a flapped T. And night and day.

她沒有把它們連在一起，用一個扇動的T，夜以繼日。

And night and day...

白天和黑夜...

and special occasions.

和特殊場合。

Special occasions. And, and, and, and, again said  quickly but without the vowel reduction. That  

特殊場合。還有，還有，還有，還有，又說得很快，但沒有元音還原。那個

would be: and, and, but she says: and, and,  and, and, and. So a lot of examples here of  

會是：和，和，但她說：和，和，和，和，和。所以這裡有很多的例子

the and reduction, and most of the time you will  hear the vowel reduced but not always of course.

的和縮減，大多數時候你會聽到元音縮減，但當然不一定。

And special occasions.

還有特殊場合。

And special, first syllable stress there.  And special occasions. So the word occasions,  

還有特別的，第一個音節強調那裡。 和特殊的場合。所以這個詞場合。

in IPA, that first syllable is a schwa.  She gives it more of an OH pronunciation,  

在IPA中，第一個音節是schwa。 她給它的發音更像OH。

that's not the pronunciation of the word but this  does sometimes happen with beginning syllables,  

這不是這個詞的發音，但這有時會發生在開頭的音節上。

when they're vowels, and they're unstressed,  sometimes Americans will over pronounce them  

當他們是元音，他們是不受力的，有時美國人會把他們的發音念得過高

a little bit, like in this case occasions,  it's not occasions, it's occasions, occasions.

一點點，像這種情況下的場合，它不是場合，是場合，場合。

Occasions.

場合。

I've noticed  this also with the word effect. The first syllable

我也注意到這個詞的效果。第一個音節

unstressed is the IH vowel but sometimes  Americans will say effect, switching out  

unstress是IH元音，但有時美國人也會說effect，換成...

the vowel sound. So the pronunciation, the only  pronunciation listed in the dictionary is IH here  

的元音。所以發音，字典上唯一列出的發音是IH這裡的IH

and schwa here, but sometimes native speakers  do switch that out. Anyway, the important thing  

和schwa在這裡，但有時母語使用者確實會把它換掉。總之，重要的是

to know is that she says occasions but  it's actually occasions with the schwa.

要知道的是，她說的場合，但它實際上是場合與schwa。

Occasions..

場合...

Special, CI here makes the SH sound. Special. Now  here we have a dark L but it links into a vowel,  

特別的，CI在這裡使發出SH的聲音。特別的。現在這裡我們有一個深色的L，但它連接成一個元音。

so you can lift your tongue tip there to help  link them together. Special occasions. And here  

這樣你就可以把舌尖抬到那裡，幫助把它們連在一起。特殊場合。還有這裡

the letter S along with the letter I makes the  zsh-- sound like in measure. Special occasions.

字母S和字母I一起發出zsh--的聲音。特殊場合。

Special occasions.

特殊場合。

Wait a minute. Wait.

等待一分鐘。等一下

Wait a minute. Wait. Wait a minute. Wait. Both  times they have that up down shape of stress.  

等待一分鐘。等一下，等一下等一下，等一下兩次他們都有那種上上下下的壓力形狀。

Wait a minute. Wait and the  words a in a minute come in here  

等一下。等一下，然後這裡就會出現 "a in a minute "的字樣。

on the downward shape of  the stress. Wait a minute.

在應力向下的形狀。等一下

Wait a minute.

等一下

The T in wait is a flap T linking the word  wait into the schwa. Wait a, Wait a, Wait a-- 

等等中的T是一個瓣T，將等等一詞連接到分音符中。Wait a, Wait a, Wait a --

Wait a minute. Stop T because the  next word begins with a consonant.

等一下停止T，因為下一個詞的開頭是輔音。

Wait a minute.

等一下

Wait, I--

等等，我...

Wait a minute. Wait, I-- Wait, I-- He also does  a flap T linking the T into the AI diphthong.  

等等，我...等等，我... ... 等等，我... ... 他還做了一個翻轉T音，把T音連接到AI雙音。

And just like he did in last week's video he's  running his sentences together with no breaks.

就像他在上週的視頻中做的那樣，他把句子連在一起，沒有休息。

Wait, I--

等等，我...

Wait, I-- Wait, I-- So both of  

等一下，我... ... 等一下，我... ...

those words have that stress feeling with  that up down shape. Wait, I-- Wait, I--

這些詞有壓力的感覺 與該上下形狀。等等，我... ... 等等，我...

Wait, I--

等等，我...

see where this is going.

看看這是要去哪裡。

And again, we have some of the up down  shape on 'see'. Wait, I see where this is  

再來，我們在'看'上有一些上下的形狀。等等，我知道這是哪裡了

going. And then some up down shape on the stress  syllable of going. I see, I see where this is,  

去。然後在 "去 "的重音節上做一些上下的造型。我明白了，我明白這是哪裡。

where this is, where this is, where this, is where  this is. These three words, a little bit flatter  

這裡是哪裡，這裡是哪裡，這裡，就是這裡。這三個字，有點平淡

and they really link together, don't they? Where  this is, where this is, where this is, where this  

他們真的聯繫在一起，不是嗎？這裡是哪裡，這裡是哪裡，這裡是哪裡，這裡是哪裡。

is. The word this begins with that voiced TH,  this, but because it's in an unstressed word,  

是。這個詞的開頭是那個聲母TH，這個，但因為它是在一個不受力的詞。

we're not going to bring the tongue tip through,  we're not going to make that much of that sound.  

我們不打算把舌尖通過， 我們不會讓那麼多的聲音。

It can just quickly touch the backs of the teeth  where this, where this, where this, where this,  

它可以只是快速地觸摸到牙背上的這個地方，這個地方，這個地方，這個地方。

where this, where this, where this, where this,  where this is, where this is, where this is going.  

這哪裡，這哪裡，這哪裡，這哪裡，這哪裡，這哪裡，這哪裡。

Simplifying that mouth movement  will let us say it more quickly.  

簡化這個嘴巴的動作，會讓我們說得更快。

Where this, the R sound right into the TH, the S  sound of this linking right into the vowel, IH of  

凡此，R音正好進入TH，S音正好連接成元音，IH的

is. This is, this is, this is, this is, this is.

是，這是，這是，這是，這是，這是。這就是，這就是，這就是，這就是，這就是。

Where this is--

這是哪...

I see where this is going. You're going to-- Again, no break between sentences,  

我知道這是要去哪裡。你要... 再來一次，句子之間不要中斷。

he just keeps right on going, linking words  together, energy of the voice going forward.

他就這樣一直走下去，把文字連接在一起，聲音的能量在前進。

I see where this is going. You're going to-- 

我知道這是要去哪裡。你要...

ask him to New Years, aren't you?

請他去過年，你不是嗎？

You're going to ask him to New  Years, You're going to ask him-- 

你要請他去過年，你要請他... ...

A little bit on 'you're'.  You're going to ask them to New  

關於'你是'的一點。 你要請他們到新

Year's, compound word, the most stress will  happen on the first word, new, New Year's.

年，複合詞，最重的壓力會發生在第一個字上，新，新年。

You're going to ask him to New Years--

你要請他去過年... ...

And actually, this should have an apostrophe  here. It's short for New Year's eve,  

而實際上，這裡應該有一個撇號。這是新年前夕的簡稱。

the night before New Year's day. So you are  going to ask him to New Year's, becomes:

元旦前一天晚上。所以你要請他過年，就成了。

You're going to ask him to New Years,  

你要請他去過年。

You are becomes you're, you're, you're, you're,  you're, just the Y sound and then the R sound:  

you're, you're, you're going to, going to,  going to, of course becomes gonna, such a common  

你是，你是，你要，要，要，當然就變成要，這樣一個常見的

reduction. You're going to ask him-- and that  schwa links right into the a vowel very smoothly.  

減音你要問他... ... 那個分音符很順利地連接到了a元音上。

Gonna ask him-- Now what's  happening here with ask and him?

要去問他... ... 現在發生了什麼事 在這裡與問和他？

Ask him--

問他...

Ask him-- ask him-- ask him-- ask him--

問他... 問他... 問他... 問他...

The H is dropped, the K links lightly into the  

H落下，K聯動輕進。

him reduction. You can think of that  as being an IH vowel M or schwa M,  

他的還原。你可以認為那是IH元音M或schwa M。

doesn't matter. It's said very quickly. Ask him--  ask him-- ask him to-- ask him to-- ask him to--

不要緊的。很快就說出來了。問他--問他--問他--問他--問他--問他--問他--問他。

What happens to the word to?

到這個詞會怎樣？

Ask him to--

叫他...

It also gets a reduction. That T becomes  a flap T. Ask him to-- rarararrarara--

它也得到了減少。

And the vowel of OO reduces to the  schwa. Ask him to-- ask him to--

而OO的元音還原為分音符。問他... 問他...

Ask him to--

叫他...

New Years, aren't you?

新年，你不是嗎？

Aren't you. How does he pronounce that?

你不是嗎？他怎麼念？

Aren't you?

你不是嗎？

Aren't you? Aren't you? Aren't you?

你不是嗎？你不是嗎？你不是嗎？

What? He's getting is CH? Yes. That  happens with the NT contraction,  

什麼，他得到的是CH？是的。新臺幣的收縮就會出現這種情況。

or really any word that ends in T when the  next word is you or your, that can become a CH.

或任何以T結尾的詞，當下一個詞是you或your時，都可以成為CH。

Aren't you?

你不是嗎？

Aren't, aren't, we can write that with the  AH as in father vowel like in car, the AW,