Name: 為什麼免疫系統是蝙蝠的祕密超能力？ (Why the Immune System Is a Bat’s Secret Superpower)
Uploaded: 2020-12-29T18:16:05.000Z
Duration: 5 min 23 s

flying it's something many of us wish we could do  diving like a peregrine falcon at speeds of over  

飛行是我們很多人都希望能做到的事情，就像遊隼一樣，以超過100公里的速度潛水。

情態副詞

300 kilometers per hour are soaring the skies with  the three meter wingspan of an albatross but only  

時速300公里，正以信天翁三米的翼展翱翔天空，卻只有

certain types of animals can do it and today we're  going to talk about the only group of mammals that  

某些類型的動物可以做到這一點，今天我們要講的是唯一的一類哺乳動物，即

can fly bats i know those guys seem to have a bit  of a bad rep these days but you'll soon discover  

可以飛的蝙蝠我知道這些傢伙似乎有一個有點不好的聲譽這些天，但你很快就會發現。

just how extraordinary these creatures are and  the important role they play in our everyday lives  

這些生物是多麼的非凡，它們在我們的日常生活中扮演著重要的角色

now as a child you were probably introduced to  bats via the infamous vampire bats those little  

現在，作為一個孩子，你可能被介紹給蝙蝠 通過臭名昭著的吸血鬼蝙蝠那些小

bloodsuckers associated with dracula well there  are more than a thousand other species bats make  

吸血蟲與德古拉有關 還有一千多種其他物種蝙蝠使

up 20 of all mammals and because of that they're  everywhere living on almost every continent and  

佔所有哺乳動物的20％，正因為如此，它們無處不在，幾乎生活在每一個大陸上，而且...

they vary greatly in size and appearance take the  flying fox for example this species has a wingspan  

他們的大小和外觀差異很大 以飛狐為例，這個物種有一個翼展

of about a meter and a half while the bump will  be bat as its name suggests has a wingspan of just  

的約一米半，而凹凸將蝙蝠正如它的名字所暗示的有一個翼展的只是。

15 centimeters you may be sensing a common theme  here when i'm talking about all of these bats and  

15釐米 你可能會感覺到一個共同的主題在這裡 當我談論所有這些蝙蝠和

bat species they're wings that's because batwings  are incredible and not just because of the varying  

蝙蝠的種類，它們是翅膀，這是因為蝙蝠的翅膀是令人難以置信的，而不只是因為不同的

sizes now the easiest comparison to make is  between bats and birds while some birds are  

現在最容易比較的是蝙蝠和鳥類之間的大小，而一些鳥類則是。

great at cruising flight bats have the edge when  it comes to maneuvering and all that comes down  

偉大的巡航飛行蝙蝠的優勢，當它涉及到操縱和所有的下來

to how bats wings are built the bone structure of  bat wings is incredibly flexible if you've ever  

蝙蝠的翅膀是如何建造的 蝙蝠翅膀的骨架結構是非常靈活的，如果你曾經有過

watched a bat hunt an insect you can see just how  agile they are almost like an aerial acrobat bats  

看著蝙蝠捕食昆蟲，你可以看到他們有多敏捷，幾乎就像一個空中雜技演員的蝙蝠

have similar bones that we humans have their arms  consist of the same bones and joints as we do an  

有類似的骨骼，我們人類有他們的手臂由相同的骨骼和關節，因為我們做的

upper arm an elbow a lower arm a wrist and digits  that's right they have a hand in their wings with  

上臂、肘部、下臂、手腕和手指 沒錯，他們的翅膀上有一隻手，上面有...

fingers that actually support the wing this allows  for incredible precision and maneuverability bats  

手指實際支持的翅膀，這使得令人難以置信的精度和機動性蝙蝠。

have four elongated digits that they can flex and  bend and a thumb that remains separate with a claw  

有四個細長的手指頭，它們可以彎曲和彎曲，拇指與爪子保持分開。

some use this cloth for climbing or crawling while  others use it to handle food connecting these  

有些人用這塊布爬行，有些人用它來處理食物，連接這些

limbs in the digits is a skin membrane called the  potassium that consists of two layers of epidermis  

四肢中的數字是一個皮膚膜稱為鉀，由兩層表皮組成。

and dermis that surround blood vessels nerves  and tendons unlike our skin which acts like a  

血管、神經和肌腱周圍的真皮層，不像我們的皮膚，它就像個

protective barrier bat skin actually helps them  move now we usually don't associate skin as a  

保護性屏障蝙蝠的皮膚實際上幫助他們移動現在我們通常不會把皮膚作為一個保護性屏障聯繫起來

way of generating movement but this membrane is  key to how bats perfect their maneuvering skills  

但這層膜是蝙蝠如何完善其機動技能的關鍵所在

in flight while flying seems pretty amazing to us  it's one of the most taxing ways of getting around  

在飛行中，而飛行對我們來說似乎是非常驚人的，它是最費力的交通方式之一。

and this is true especially for bats during  flight a bat's heartbeat can surge to over 1  

特別是對蝙蝠來說，這一點是正確的 在飛行過程中，蝙蝠的心跳可以激增到1次以上

000 beats per minute and their body temperature  can rise to more than 39 degrees celsius that's  

他們的體溫可以上升到39攝氏度以上，也就是......。

over 102 degrees fahrenheit for some animals  that might mean certain death but not for bats  

對某些動物來說，超過華氏102度可能意味著必死無疑，但對蝙蝠來說卻並非如此。

researchers seem to think these stressors  are what built the bats superpower  

研究人員似乎認為這些壓力是建立蝙蝠的超能力的原因。

their immune system bats are known to host some of  the world's deadliest viruses from rabies to ebola  

蝙蝠的免疫系統是已知的一些世界上最致命的病毒的宿主，從狂犬病到埃博拉。

to even some coronaviruses possibly even the  virus that causes covet 19. a bat's immune system  

甚至一些冠狀病毒甚至可能是導致貪婪的病毒19.蝙蝠的免疫系統。

responds differently than ours to these types of  infections preventing the animal from falling sick  

對這些類型的感染的反應與我們不同，防止動物生病。

and this research suggested that flight may be the  reason why it's believed that when bats evolved  

而這一研究表明，飛行可能是它被認為是蝙蝠進化時的原因。

to fly their energy metabolism was altered to  adapt to the high energetic demands of flight  

它們的能量代謝發生了改變，以適應飛行的高能量需求。

but this high metabolic rate can eventually  damage their dna which can negatively impact  

但這種高代謝率最終會破壞它們的DNA，從而對它們產生負面影響

their health so to prevent this bats have evolved  mechanisms to lessen their immune response  

所以為了防止這種情況的發生，蝙蝠進化出了一些機制來降低它們的免疫反應。

resulting in bats not being affected by  these diseases the same way we humans are  

導致蝙蝠不會像我們人類一樣受到這些疾病的影響。

this makes them natural disease reservoirs and  because of this they get a bad reputation but  

這使他們成為天然的疾病庫，是以他們得到了一個壞名聲，但。

they're crucial members to our world and those  little creatures need our help more than ever  

它們是我們世界的重要成員 這些小動物比以往任何時候都更需要我們的幫助。

environmental threats like deforestation and  wildlife trade are putting bat populations  

環境威脅，如森林砍伐和野生動物貿易，使蝙蝠的數量減少了。

under enormous pressure and in turn this puts  us in danger as well we continue to infringe  

在巨大的壓力下，這反過來也使我們處於危險之中，我們繼續侵犯了他們的權利。

on their world by destroying their habitat  which in turn creates more opportunities for  

破壞它們的棲息地，從而給它們的世界創造更多的機會。

diseases to jump from one species to another and  like most of our natural world we need bats they  

疾病從一個物種跳到另一個物種，就像我們大多數的自然界一樣，我們需要蝙蝠它們

play important roles in our ecosystems from pest  controllers to pollinators thousands of plants  

在我們的生態系統中扮演著重要的角色，從害蟲控制者到傳粉者，數以千計的植物都是如此。

rely on bats for pollination or to spread seeds  some of our favorite fruits like mangoes guava  

依靠蝙蝠授粉或傳播種子 我們最喜歡的一些水果，如芒果番石榴等。

and even avocados wouldn't be here if it weren't  for them the great part is that you can help and  

如果沒有他們，鱷梨也不會在這裡 偉大的部分是你可以幫助和

the wildlife conservation society has some great  tips it could be as easy as looking at your  

野生動物保護協會有一些偉大的提示，它可能是很容易看你的。

backyard or outside your window and it doesn't  matter if you live in downtown manhattan or san  

後院或窗外，不管你是住在曼哈頓市中心還是舊金山，都可以在這裡找到。

francisco or in the woods somewhere you can help  by doing what actually my wife and i have recently  

舊金山或在樹林裡的某個地方，你可以通過做什麼實際上我的妻子和我最近幫助。

done which is we've gotten rid of our lawn and  we're replanting pollinators for those who are  

做的是我們已經擺脫了我們的草坪 我們正在重新種植授粉者為那些誰是

not as fortunate as people like myself just a box  outside your window native plants and starting to  

不像我這樣幸運的人只是一個盒子外面你的窗口本土植物，並開始。

contribute to bringing back insects in the native  flora and fauna of your area you can do something  

為您所在地區的原生動植物中的昆蟲的迴歸做出貢獻，您可以做一些事情

that's very profound thanks for watching seeker's  new series tusk to tales i'm evan anton and i hope  

這是非常深刻的感謝觀看探路者的新系列獠牙的故事我是埃文-安頓，我希望。

you enjoyed this video if there's an animal you  want us to cover leave us a comment see you next

你喜歡這個視頻，如果有一個動物，你想讓我們覆蓋的評論離開我們看到你的下一個