and we make it slightly more complicated by adding a switch.

並且通過添加一個開關使它稍微複雜一些。

When the switch opens, the charged particles are prevented from passing through.

當開關打開時，可防止帶電粒子通過。

Particles with the same charge repel one another,

具有相同電荷的粒子彼此排斥，

and they therefore spread out throughout the wire.

因此它們散佈在整個導線中。

The events shown here all happen at the same time, and this is the result.

此處顯示的事件都是同時發生的，這就是結果。

For the light bulb to turn on, the switch must close, so as to create

為了打開燈泡，必須將開關閉合，以便產生

a complete path for the charged particles to flow around the loop.

帶電粒子在迴路中流動的完整路徑。

If we have several light bulbs, each light bulb can have its own individual switch.

如果我們有幾個燈泡，則每個燈泡可以有自己的單獨開關。

Or, we can have one switch which controls all the light bulbs.

或者，我們可以有一個控制所有燈泡的開關。

The number of charged particles that pass by each second

每秒通過的帶電粒子數

is what we refer to as the current.

這就是我們所說的最新潮流。

The charged particles flow through the light bulb because

帶電粒子流過燈泡，因為

the battery causes them to have a higher potential energy

電池使它們具有更高的勢能

on one side of the light bulb than the other.

在燈泡的一側比另一側。

This potential energy is what we refer to as voltage.

這種勢能就是我們所說的電壓。

If both sides of a light bulb are at the same voltage,

如果燈泡的兩端電壓相同，

then no current will pass through it.

那麼就不會有電流通過。

As the voltage across the light bulb increases,

隨著燈泡兩端的電壓增加，

the amount of current through the light bulb also increases,

通過燈泡的電流也增加了，

and the light bulb produces more light.

燈泡發出更多的光。

When a switch closes, it causes the two different parts

開關閉合時，會導致兩個不同的部分

of a circuit that it connects to be at the same voltage.

連接的電路的電壓相同。

If both sides of a light bulb are at the same voltage,

如果燈泡的兩端電壓相同，

then no current will pass through it.

那麼就不會有電流通過。

And if no current passes through a light bulb,

如果沒有電流通過燈泡，

then this means that both sides of the bulb are at the same voltage.

那麼這意味著燈泡的兩側都具有相同的電壓。

A properly working battery ensures that the difference

正確工作的電池可確保差異

in voltage across it is always at a specific value.

兩端的電壓始終處於特定值。

All points that are directly connected to each other through

通過以下方式彼此直接連接的所有點

metal conductors and closed switches are at the same voltage.

金屬導體和閉合開關的電壓相同。

This means that if we have several light bulbs connected

這意味著如果我們連接了幾個燈泡

to a battery in parallel, the voltage across each light bulb

並聯電池，每個燈泡的電壓

is equal to the voltage that is produced by the battery.

等於電池產生的電壓。

Since the voltage across the light bulb determines how much

由於燈泡兩端的電壓決定了多少

current passes through it, each of these light bulbs will have

電流流過，每個燈泡都會有

the same current pass through it as we had when we just had

與我們剛剛經歷的電流一樣

one light bulb connected to the battery.

一個燈泡連接到電池。

The total current drawn from the battery is the sum

從電池汲取的總電流為總和

of all the currents drawn by each of the light bulbs.

每個燈泡消耗的所有電流中的一半。

Now, let us consider a situation where we have

現在，讓我們考慮一種情況

several light bulbs connected in series.

幾個串聯的燈泡。

Since the total voltage across the group of light bulbs is at

由於整個燈泡組的總電壓為

the specific value set by the battery, the drop in voltage

電池設定的特定值，電壓降

across each light bulb is only a fraction of this.

跨過每個燈泡只是其中的一小部分。

Since the current that passes through each light bulb

由於流過每個燈泡的電流

depends on the voltage across it,

取決於它兩端的電壓，

this smaller voltage across each of the light bulbs means

每個燈泡上較小的電壓意味著

that a smaller current will flow through them.

較小的電流將流過它們。

This means that the lights will not be as bright.

這意味著燈光不會那麼亮。

Because the light bulbs are connected in series,

由於燈泡是串聯連接的，

this means that the current passing through each of them is the same.

這意味著流過它們每個的電流是相同的。

The amount of current entering always has to

輸入的電流量始終必須

be equal to the amount of current exiting.

等於當前存在的電流量。

This is what we refer to as Kirchhoff's Current Law.

這就是我們所說的基爾霍夫現行法律。

This is accompanied by another law, called Kirchhoff's Voltage Law,

這是伴隨著另一條稱為基爾霍夫電壓定律的法律，

which states that as we travel around a loop,

指出當我們繞圈旅行時，

the amount of voltage increases that we experience

我們經歷的電壓增加

must be exactly equal to the amount of

必須正好等於

voltage drops that we experience.

我們遇到的電壓降。

The use of these two laws together allows to analyze all electric circuits,

結合使用這兩個定律，可以分析所有電路，

no matter how complex they become.

不管它們變得多麼複雜。

Much more detailed information about

有關的更多詳細信息

voltage, current, and electric circuits

電壓，電流和電路

is available in the other videos on this channel.

在此頻道的其他視頻中可用。