Name: COVID-19的流行是否加劇了對婦女的不平等？| COVID-19特別報道 (Has the COVID-19 pandemic increased inequality against women? | COVID-19 Special)
Uploaded: 2021-03-08T18:41:14.000Z
Duration: 11 min 38 s

the coronavirus has put inequality in the spotlight.

冠狀病毒將不平等問題置於聚光燈下。

基礎被動語態

Women are misrepresented in many industries, and the pandemics made that worse.

婦女在許多行業中的地位不高，而大流行病使這種情況變得更糟。

Women are almost twice as likely as men to lose their job due to covid.

婦女因貪汙而失去工作的可能性幾乎是男子的兩倍。

Far fewer women work in science despite girls outpacing boys in school.

儘管女孩在學校的學習成績超過了男孩，但從事科學工作的婦女人數卻少得可憐。

現在比以往任何時候都需要婦女。

As the Covid death toll continues to rise well, the crisis has wrecked relationships, families and lives.

隨著科維德的死亡人數不斷上升，這場危機已經破壞了人際關係、家庭和生命。

It's put back progress on many social fronts, including women's rights.

它使許多社會方面的進步倒退，包括婦女的權利。

We sent out our reporters to find out how some women around the world view covid 19 uh, the you for me for me, because the administration is, uh, um, held in Iran.

我們派出了我們的記者去了解世界各地的一些女性如何看待covid 19呃，你為我為我，因為政府是，呃，嗯，在伊朗舉行。

There is a total system specific details.

Women provide the bulk of work as caregivers looking after the young, the old and the sick in Germany, most nurses of women, and they often earn significantly less than their male colleagues here in the hospital.

在德國，婦女作為照顧老幼病殘的護理人員，提供了大部分的工作，大多數是女護士，她們的收入往往比醫院裡的男同事低很多。

There is a strict protocol when it comes to putting on your protective clothing.

在穿戴防護服的時候，有嚴格的規程。

But for Katzenberger, it has become a routine.

但對於卡岑博格來說，這已經成為了一種慣例。

She is one of the many female nurses who have been pushing their limits day and night for a year now taking care of coronavirus patients.

她是眾多女護士中的一員，一年來，她日夜不停地挑戰自己的極限，照顧冠狀病毒患者。

The physical strain is enormous, working in this kind of gears exhausting.

體力消耗巨大，在這種齒輪上工作，很累。

But the psychological component plays a big role, too.

但心理因素也起了很大的作用。

We always have to take care of critically ill patients.

But now we have seriously ill patients who can also endanger us.

但現在我們的重病患者也會危害到我們。

Okay, Stressful is also harder to Herman would describe her last year, she works as a nurse in an old people's home in Berlin.

好吧，壓力也比較大，赫爾曼會形容她去年，她在柏林的一家老人院當護士。

The pandemic made her job even harder and again.

疫情讓她的工作更加艱難，又。

The burden of carrying for society's elderly falls mainly on women to stem the Kinsey, your mom a secret.

為社會老人揹負的重擔主要落在女性身上，阻止金賽，你媽媽的祕密。

Luckily, men are increasingly interested in being a nurse.

幸運的是，男性對當護士的興趣越來越大。

My husband is also one, but otherwise it's mainly women, probably because of the pay.

我老公也是一個，但除此之外，主要是女性，可能是因為工資的原因。

If it were a male domain, then women would also earn very different salaries.

如果是男性的領域，那麼女性的工資也會很不一樣。

Yeah, more than 90% of the people fighting the daily battles on the nursing front are women, and they turn up to 10% less than their male counterparts, according to the German Federation of Trade Unions.

是啊，根據德國工會聯合會的統計，每天奮戰在護理戰線上的人90%以上都是女性，她們比男性同行最多少交10%。

The chances of promotion as slim and they often work nights data.

晉升機會渺茫，他們經常夜班數據。

Hammond says she appreciated the gesture when people around Germany stood at their windows at the beginning of the pandemic and applauded the nation's nurses and carers.

哈蒙德說，當德國各地的人們在流行病開始時站在他們的窗戶前，併為全國的護士和護理人員鼓掌時，她讚賞這一姿態。

Now, she says, women also need to play a role in changing how society treats them.

她說，現在，女性也需要在改變社會對待她們的方式上發揮作用。

My wish for women in this profession is that they stopped putting themselves down and that people are aware of their contribution.

我對這個行業的女性的願望是，她們不要再貶低自己，人們要意識到她們的貢獻。

People need to understand that we are not just nurses or cleaners or kitchen workers, that the world only goes around when we all work together as a team.

大家要明白，我們不僅僅是護士、清潔工、廚房工人，只有大家團結一致，世界才會運轉起來。

One of us can't get by without the other Catalan Burger knows that to after work.

我們中的一個人不能沒有另一個加泰羅尼亞漢堡知道，到工作後。

She likes to go for a walk in the woods to switch off for her, too.

她也喜歡去樹林裡散步，為她開關。

It is important to support people who work in care and dumped in permanent and probably design.

重要的是要支持那些在永久大概設計中從事照料和傾銷的人。

Corona may be here to stay and we need to develop strategies.

科羅娜可能會留在這裡，我們需要制定戰略。

We need enough staff, enough equipment and whatever else it takes to help us do our jobs.

我們需要足夠的工作人員，足夠的設備，以及其他任何需要幫助我們完成工作的東西。

These improvements have to come, and they have to come soon.

這些改進必須要有，而且必須儘快實現。

Yeah, I spoke to to Tenders Enyimba, a PhD candidate at the United Nations University Merit and Maastricht University, and asked what the world is missing out on if women's voices in science aren't hurt?

是啊，我跟聯合國大學功勳和馬斯特裡赫特大學的博士候選人Tenders Enyimba談過，並問如果女性在科學領域的聲音沒有受到傷害，世界正在錯過什麼？

Yes, a matter of life and death in that, uh, not only does Covid 19 affect people from the racial standpoint, but also from the gender standpoint.

是的，這是一個生死攸關的問題，呃，Covid 19不僅從種族角度影響人們，還從性別角度影響人們。

And there is research that shows that COVID 19 may actually affect women's bodies differently.

而有研究表明，COVID 19實際上可能會對女性的身體產生不同的影響。

And also there are social effects that related to the disease that may actually impact women more.

而且還有與疾病相關的社會影響，實際上可能對女性影響更大。

For example, women are the primary caregivers of their households, and so having to work from home and taking care of their Children may actually affect women more than it does.

例如，婦女是家庭的主要照顧者，是以不得不在家工作和照顧子女，實際上對婦女的影響可能比它更大。

Men tell me more about mutual cooperation and teamwork when it comes to men and women working together in science to work on not only beating this crisis but also equality within the business.

男人告訴我更多的是相互合作和團隊精神，當男女在科學領域合作時，不僅要努力戰勝這場危機，還要在企業內部實現平等。

I'll give my example, uh, for with my collaborators have worked with John Francois and obviously venue on a paper regarding the social effects of Covid 19 in Africa, and I think that their collaboration and treating me as an equal I was allowed me to air my views as a woman and also to highlight the gender aspect of covid 19, particularly on women in business, uh, and and and their careers.

我舉個例子，呃，因為與我的合作者已經與約翰-弗朗索瓦和明顯的場地上的論文有關的社會影響的Covid 19在非洲，我認為，他們的合作和對待我作為一個平等的，我是允許我作為一個女人的空氣我的意見，也強調的性別方面的Covid 19，特別是對婦女在商業，呃，和和他們的職業生涯。

And this actually helps out also to take out the emotional term world that's associated with sexism, within science and within the academic profession as well.

而這實際上也有助於消除與性別歧視相關的情感術語世界，在科學界和學術界也是如此。

So I commend male collaborators who treat women as equals, mainly because they are actually doing the work related to combating sexism.

所以，我讚揚那些平等對待女性的男性合作者，主要是因為他們確實在做與反對性別歧視有關的工作。

But then science and in the academic field overall, what else did you find in your work in how covid 19 is affecting the economy and female entrepreneurs in Ghana, we found that, uh, covid 19.

但是，然後科學和在學術領域的整體，你在你的工作中還發現了什麼covid 19是如何影響經濟和女性企業家在加納，我們發現，呃，covid 19。

Uh, we found that in general, women have less sales than men, and the effect of their previous sales on their future sales affects men women more than men.

呃，我們發現，一般來說，女性的銷售量比男性少，她們之前的銷售量對未來銷售量的影響，男性女性比男性影響更大。

And so we find that because women right now due to the pandemic have to stay at home and take care of their Children, their sales for the products that they're selling are really low, and so this will then obviously impact their future business prospects.

所以我們發現，因為現在的女性由於疫情不得不呆在家裡照顧自己的孩子，她們銷售的產品銷量真的很低，所以這就會明顯影響到她們未來的商業前景。

And these are things that we need to look into in terms of the pandemic and that there's not only the health effects.

而這些都是我們需要研究的東西，在流行病方面，不僅有健康影響。

There's also the social effect that may necessarily disadvantaged female entrepreneurs compared to male entrepreneurs.

還有社會效應，與男性創業者相比，女性創業者可能必然處於弱勢。

This is not only particular in the gang a case or two entrepreneurship.

這不僅是特別在幫派一兩個創業的案例。

This also translates to just women who are working from home and whose careers have been affected by the pandemic.

這也僅僅是指那些在家工作的婦女，她們的職業受到了這一流行病的影響。

What advice would you give to young women who aspire to pursuing a career in science?

您對有志於從事科學事業的年輕女性有何建議？

Say, I would say that Align yourselves with people who want you to do well.

說，我想說的是，與希望你們做好的人結盟。

If you're in a situation where there's too much sexism and your voice is not heard and people don't want you to succeed, I would advise you to find ways of getting out of that, a situation If you can always find people champion your success, find mentors who want you to do well working labs with people who well, I know that it's not easy because this is a male dominated field.

如果你在一個情況下，有太多的性別歧視和你的聲音沒有聽到，人們不希望你成功，我會建議你找到擺脫這種情況的方法，一個情況下，如果你能總是找到人冠軍你的成功，找到導師誰希望你做得很好工作實驗室的人誰好，我知道這是不容易的，因為這是一個男性主導的領域。

But there are some women and men as well who actually want to help women do well in their careers.

但也有一些女性和男性其實是想幫助女性做好事業的。

You heard it from to attend to its Enyimba.

Thank you very much for being on the show today.

Thank you very much over now to our science correspondent Derrick Williams.

非常感謝我們的科學記者德里克-威廉姆斯。

He's been looking into your questions on the coronavirus, this one coming from an anonymous viewer.

他一直在研究你提出的關於冠狀病毒的問題，這個問題來自一個匿名觀眾。

Since the start of the pandemic, we've seen one coronavirus myth after another, so it's no wonder that vaccines have spawned many more.

自從流行病開始以來，我們看到了一個又一個冠狀病毒的神話，所以也難怪疫苗會催生出更多的神話。

This one, though, that that mRNA vaccines cause infertility in women is especially worrisome, I think, because it appears to be having a real impact on vaccine uptake among younger women.

不過，這個mRNA疫苗會導致女性不孕的說法，我覺得特別令人擔憂，因為它似乎對年輕女性的疫苗吸收率產生了實際影響。

Like a lot of fake news that gains traction, the infertility myth uses science to distort rather than to clarify.

就像很多獲得牽引力的假新聞一樣，不孕不育神話利用科學來扭曲而不是澄清。

In this case, it twists the scientific fact that mRNA vaccines train the immune system to recognize the structure on the outer surface of the coronavirus called the spike protein.

在這種情況下，它扭曲了一個科學事實，即mRNA疫苗可以訓練免疫系統識別冠狀病毒外表面的結構，稱為尖峰蛋白。

The disinformation campaigns build on that with a claim that the spike protein resembles a protein found in the placenta that protects and nurtures a developing fetus.

虛假宣傳的基礎上，聲稱尖峰蛋白與胎盤中的一種蛋白質相似，能保護和培育發育中的胎兒。

That means the claim continues that an immune system primed to detect spike proteins in order to attack and destroy the coronavirus can also mistakenly attack and destroy a placenta, causing women to either be infertile or to miscarry.

這意味著該說法仍在繼續，一個初步檢測尖峰蛋白以攻擊和破壞冠狀病毒的免疫系統也可以錯誤地攻擊和破壞胎盤，導致婦女不孕或流產。

This is not true for a couple of fundamental reasons.

這是不正確的，有幾個基本原因。

First, the defense cells in the immune system react and highly specific way to the proteins that they've been programmed to detect.

首先，免疫系統中的防禦細胞對它們被編程檢測到的蛋白質作出高度特異的反應。

They have to, because proteins are only made up of 20 different molecular building blocks called amino acids.

他們必須這樣做，因為蛋白質只由20種不同的分子結構塊組成，稱為氨基酸。

But our bodies can produce at least 20 different proteins from them, and possibly a whole lot more so.

但我們的身體至少可以從它們中產生20種不同的蛋白質，可能還有更多。

Of course, there can be structural molecular overlap in many different proteins, which is why the immune system has to be so specific.

當然，在許多不同的蛋白質中可能存在結構分子重疊，這也是為什麼免疫系統必須如此特異的原因。

And second is the fact that the placenta protein in question turns out not even to be very similar in molecular terms to the viruses spike protein.

其次是有關的胎盤蛋白原來與病毒的尖峰蛋白在分子上甚至不是很相似。