torn me in half.

是讓我被分裂成二的一個夜晚。

It was the night that Barack Obama was elected.

這是巴拉克·歐巴馬當選總統的夜晚。

148 years after the end of the slavery

在奴隸制度廢除 148 年後，

and 48 years after the passage of the voting rights act.

在選舉權法案

An African American was elected president.

通過 48 年後，

Many of us never thought that this was possible until the moment that happened.

一位非裔美國人被選為總統。

And in many ways, it was the

我們當中很多人從不認為這是可能的事情，

climax of the black civil rights movent in the United States.

直到它發生的那一刻。

I was in California that night, which was ground zero at the time for another movement.

而從很多方面來說，它都是美國

the marriage equality movent.

黑人民權運動

Gay marriage was on the ballot in the form of proposition eight.

的高潮。

And as the election returns started to come in,

那天晚上，我在加州，

it became clear that the right for same-sex couples to marry

那天是另外一個

which had recently been granted by the California courts was gonna be taken away.

民權運動的起點：

So, on the same night that Barack Obama won his historic presidency

婚姻平等運動。

The lesbian and gay communities suffered one of the our most painful defeats.

同性戀婚姻已以

and then it got even worse.

8 號提案的形式在選票。

Pretty much immediately, African American started to be blamed for the passage of proposition eight.

而當選舉申報書開始被提交時，

umm this was largely due to an incorrect poll that said

關於同性伴侶婚姻權的結果

that blacks had voted for the measure by, something like seventy percent

也逐漸清晰，

This turned out not to be true, but this idea of pervasive black homophobia set in.

這項已被加州法庭授予的權力

and was grabbed on by the media.

將要被剝奪。

I couldn't tear myself away from the coverage.

所以，在巴拉克·歐巴馬贏得

I listened to some gay commentators say that the

其歷史性總統選舉的同一晚，

African American community was notoriously homophobic.

男女同性戀群體遭受到了

and now that civil rights havd been achieved for us,

最令我們心痛的失敗之一。

we wanted to take away other people's rights.

而接下來，事情變得更糟。

There are even reports of racists apathets been thrown at some of the participants

幾乎是同時，

of the gay rights rallies that took place after the election.

人們開始責備非裔美籍的人

And on the other side, some African Americans dismissed or ignored

認為他們支持通過提案 8。

homophobia that was in deep in our community.

這主要是因為某個錯誤的民意調查說，

And others resented this comparison between gay rights and civil rights and

大概約 70% 的黑人

once again the sinking feeling that, uh,

投票支持了這個措施。

two minority groups, of which I'm both a part of

這儘管不是事實，

were competing with each other, instead of supporting each other,

但這個黑人對同性戀恐懼的概念開始蔓延

Overwhelmed, and frankly pissed me off.

進入了人們的意識，並被媒體大作文章。

Now, I'm a documentary film maker, so after going through my pisse-off stage,

我沒有辦法不去關注媒體的報導。

yelling at the television and radio. My next instinct was to make a movie.

我聽到某位同性戀的評論員說，

And what guided me in making this film was, how was this happening?

非裔美籍人社群

How was it that the gay rights movement was being pitted against the civil rights movement?

是臭名昭著地討厭同性戀，

and this wasn't just an abstract question.

而現在我們民權已經實現了，

I'm a beneficiary of both movements, so this was actually personal.

我們卻想要剝奪其他人的權利。

But then someting else happened after that election in 2008,

甚至有報導表明，

the march towards gay equality exhilarated at a pace that surprised and shocked everyone.

在選舉結束後，

And it still reshaping our laws and our policies, our institution and our entire country.

有一些同性戀權益的會眾

And so it started to become increasingly clear to me that

喊出種族歧視的口號。

this pitting of the two movements against to each other actually didn't make sense.

而另一方面，

And that they were in fact much much more interconnected.

某些非裔美籍人反對或忽視

And that in fact, some of the way that the gay rights movement has been able to make such

在我們社會裡正存在的同性戀恐懼症。

incredible gains so quickly.

而其他人，對把同性戀權利和

It's like it used the same tactics and strategies that were

民權相提並論表示憤慨，

first laid down by the civil rights movement.

再一次，我有下沉的感覺，

Let's just look at a few of the strategies.

因為我同時屬於的兩個

Let's just look at a few of the strategies.

少數族群，

First off, it's really interesting to see, to actually visually see

在互相對抗

how quick the gay rights movement has made its gains, if you look at

而不是互相支持，

a few of the major events on a timeline of both freedom movements.

使我壓得喘不過氣來， 老實說，也讓我非常生氣。

Now, there are tons of milestones in civil rights movements. But the

我是一名記錄片製片人，

first one that we're gonna start with is the

所以在經歷了「非常生氣」的階段，

1995 Montgomery Bus Boycott, this was a

並且在對着電視或廣播大聲叫喊後，

protest campaign against Montgomery Alabama's, uh

我的下一個直覺

segragation on their public transit system.

是要拍一部電影。

And it began when a woman named Rosa Parks, refused to give up her seat to a white person.

在拍這部電影時引導我的是，

The campaign lasted a year and it galvanized civil rights movements like

這樣的對抗是怎麼發生的？

nothing had before it.

為何同性戀權利的運動

And I call this strategy, the "I'm Tired of You Foot on My Neck" strategy.

在對抗民權運動？

So, gays and lesbians have been in society since societies began.

而這不是一個抽象的問題。

but up until the mid twentieth century, homosexual acts were still illegal in most states.

我是這兩個運動的受益人，

So just 14 years after the Montgomery Bus Boycott , a group of LGBT folks took that same

所以，這實際上跟我切身相關。

strategy, it's known as Stonewall in 1969.

然而，在 2008 年的選舉後，

And it's wear a group of LGBT patrons fought back

其他事情發生了。

against police beatings at a Greenwich Village bar, that

邁向同性戀平等權利的步伐

sparked three days of rioting.

速度之快

Incidentally, black and matino LGBT folks were at the forefront of this rebellion.

讓所有人驚訝和震驚，

and it's a really interesting example of the intersection of our struggle

並繼續在重塑我們的法律和制度，

against racism, homophobia, gender identy and police brutality.

我們的組織機構和我們的整個國家。

After, uh, Stonewell happened,

所以很快地，我漸漸看清了，

gay liberation groups sprang up all over the country.

這兩個運動的對抗

And the modern gay rights movement, as we know, it took off.

完全不合理，

So the next moment to look at, on the timeline is

而事實上，

the 1963 March on Washington, this was a seminal event in the civil rights movement.

他們的關聯很緊密，

And it's where African Americans call for both civil and economic justice.

實際上，

And it's of course where Martin Luther King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, but

某些同性戀權利的運動

what's actually less known is that this march was organized

能如此快速地獲得成效

by a man named Bayard Rustin.

在於它運用了某些最初

Bayard was an out gay man, and he is considered one of the most brilliant strategists of the civil rights movement.

由民權運動奠定基礎的

He....later in his life, became a fierce advocate of LGBT rights as well.

策略和戰略。

And his life is testiment to the intersection of the struggles.

讓我們來看幾個這些策略。

But March on Washington is one of the high points of the movements, and

首先，非常有趣的是看到，

it's where there's a fervent believe that African Americans, too, could be a part

真正地看到

of American democracy. I call this strategy the

同性戀權利運動如何快速地前進，

"We Are Visible and Many in Numbers" strategy.

如果你在這兩個自由運動的時間軸上

Some early gay activists were actually directly inspired by the march, and some

來比較幾個主要的事件即可看出。

had taken part.

在民權運動中

Gay pioneer, Jack Nichols, said, we marched with Martin Luther King,

有很多的里程碑，

seven of us, from the mattachine society, which is an early gay rights organization.

但我們先來看看，

And from that moment on, we had our own dream,

1955年的蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運動。

about a gay rights march of similar proportions.

這是個反對蒙哥馬利的

Several years later, a series of marches took place.

抗議活動，即抗議在阿拉巴馬州

Each one gaming the momentum of the gay freedom struggle.

公共交通系統中的種族隔離。

The first one was in 1979, and the second one took place in 1987.

事件起始於一位叫羅莎·帕克斯的婦女，

The third one was held in 1993.

拒絕在公車上把她的座位讓給一位白人。

Almost a million people showed up.

這個活動持續了一年，

And people were so energized and excited by what had taken place,

其推動了民權運動的動力

they went back to their own communities,

是前所未見的。

and started their own political and social organizations

我將這策略稱之為

further increasing the visibility of the movement.

「再也受不了有人 把腳踩在我脖子上」策略。

The day of that march, October 11th was then declared

男同性戀和女同性戀

National Coming Out Day, and it's still celebrated all over the world.

自從有社會開始，就已經存在了，

These marches set the groud work for the historic changes

但直到 20 世紀中，

that we see happening today in the United States.

同性戀行為在大部分州仍是不合法的。

And lastly, the Loving strategy, the name speaks for itself.

在蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運動發生 14 年後，

In 1967, the supreme court ruled in Viriginia v.s. Loving

一群 LGBT 同性戀社群採用了同樣的策略。

and invalidated all laws that prohibited interracial marriage.

這就是有名的 1969 年「石牆暴動」，

This is considered one of the supreme court's landmark civil rights cases.

一群 LGBT 支持者

In 1996, President Clinton signed the defense of marriage act, or known as DOMA

在格林威治村的一個酒吧

and that made the federal government only had to recognize marriages between a man and a woman.

還擊警察的毆打，此事件引發了

In United States v.s. Winsor, a seventy-nine-year-old lesbian

三天的暴動。

named Edith Wiinsor sued the federal government,

剛好的是，非裔和拉丁美洲裔的 LGBT 們

when she was forced to pay a state taxes under her diseased wife property,

在了這個暴動的前沿戰鬥，

something that, uh, heterosexual couples don't have to do.

而這是個非常有趣，

And as the case wound its way through the lower courts,

我們面對種族歧視、同性戀、性別認同及

the loving case was repeatedly sighted as president.

警察暴力的鬥爭匯聚到同一點的例子。

when it got to the supreme court in 2013, the supreme court agreed,

「石牆暴動」發生後，男女同性戀群體

and DOMA was thrown out, which is incredible.

在全國各地湧現，

But the gay marriage movement has been making gains for years now.

而現代同性戀權利運動 就我們所知，從此開始。

To date, 17 states have passed laws allowing marriage equalities.

在時間軸上要看的下一個點是

become the de facto battle for gay equality.

1963 年在華盛頓的遊行。

And it seems that daily laws prohibiting it, are being challenged in the courts.

這是個在民權運動中， 對後來影響深遠的事件，

Even places like Texas and Utah, which no one had saw coming.

在這個事件中非裔美籍群體

So a lot has changed since that night in 2008 when I felt torn in half.

主張民權和經濟平等。

I did go on to make that film, it's a documentary film.

而這當然也是馬丁·路德·金

And it's called The New Black,

發表其著名的「我有個夢想」演講的地方。

and it looks sad how the African American community is grappling with the gay rights issue

可是，較少有人知道的是，

in light of the gay marriage movement and this fight

這個遊行是由一位叫

over the the meaning of civil rights.

貝亞·德斯廷的人組織的。

And I wanted to capture some of this incredible changes that was happening.

貝亞是個公開的同性戀，

And as luck or politics would have it, another marriage battle started

而他被認為是民權運動中

gearing up. This time in Marriland, where African Americans make up 30 percent

最傑出的一位策略家。

of the electorate.

他之後也成為了一位 LGBT 權利的

So this tension between gay rights and civil rights started to bubble up, once again.

激烈的倡導者，而他的一生

And I was lucky enough to capture how some people

就是這些鬥爭交匯的證據。

were making the connection between the movements this time.

華盛頓遊行

Uh, this is a clip of Korest Taylor Hughs and Samantha Masters, two characters in the film

是民權運動的高點之一，

as they hit the street of Baltimore, and tried to convince potential voters.

也是人們擁有熱切信念

Yeah, what's up man?

「非裔美籍人也可以是

This man right over here.

美國民主一部分」的時候。

Are you registered for the vote?

我把這個策略稱為

Yeah.

「我們是不可忽視並且人數眾多」策略。

OK. How old are you?

一些早期的同性戀權利活動份子

Twenty one.

真是直接地被這個遊戲所鼓舞，

OK. You got you registered for the vote. Right.

而有些則直接參與了遊行。

I ain't voting on that gay shit, though.

同性戀的先驅，傑克·尼科爾斯說，

OK, why?

「我們七個來自於馬太辛協會的，

I ain't with that.

與馬丁·路德·金一起遊行」——

Why's that?

這是早期的同性戀運動組織——

That's not cool.

「而從那一刻起，我們有了自己的夢想，

What makes you being gay?

我們要有類似規模的同性戀權利的遊行。」

Right, so what makes you being straight?

幾年後，一系列的遊行發生了，

What makes you being straight? What makes you being straight? Same thing.

每一個都得到了

You can't ask the question.

同性戀自由權鬥爭的氣勢。

You can't ask the question.

第一個在 1979 年，

I used to have the same attitude, but I know that a black male like yourself

而第二個發生在 1987 年。

stood up for woman like me. I know I got the same opportunities,

第三個發生在 1993 年。

so you as a black man, has the ability to stand up for somebody else.

將近百萬人參與，

Whether you're gay or not, these are your brothers and sisters out here.

而人們被發生的事情

And they need you to represent.

所激勵鼓舞，

And who are you to tell us to care? Who do they care they're with? They ain't like their problem.

他們回到自己的社區，

Right. Nobody here has the power to say that you care about her, and you'll leave. Who has that power? Nobody!

並開始了自己的政治

But you know what? Our state puts the power in your hands.

和社會組織，

And so what we need you to do is vote for it.

進一步地提升了運動的能見度。

I got you. Yeah. I got you.

10 月 11 日當天，

And do you all need community service hours? You do?

後來被宣布為全國出櫃日，

Alright, you all can volunteer and ask for community service hour. You want to do that?

在世界各地仍在被慶祝。

We feed you with plenty of pizzas.

這些遊行為今天我們

Thank you.

在美國看到的歷史性變化

What's amazing to me about that clip that we just, you know, captured, is we were filming

奠定了基礎。

it really shows how Korest understands the history of the civil rights movement.

最後，是「愛」的策略。

But she's not restricted by it. She doesn't just limit it to black people.

這個名稱不言而喻。

She sees it as a blue print,

1967 年，最高法院裁定

for expanding rights for gays and lesbians.

婁詠與維吉尼亞州訴訟，

Maybe 'cause she's younger, she's like twenty five, she's able to do this a little bit more easily.

令禁止跨種族婚姻

But the fact is that, Marilyn voters did pass that marriage equality amendment.

的法律通通無效。

And in fact, it was the first time that marriage equality was directly voted on

這民權案件被認為是最高法院的

and passed by the voters.

具有里程碑意義之一。

African Americans supported it at a higher level

1996 年，克林頓總統簽署了

that had ever been recorded.

捍衛婚姻法案，也被稱為 DOMA，

It was a complete turn-around from that night in 2008

這讓聯邦政府

when proposition eight was passed.

只需認同一個男人

It was and feels monumental.

和一個女人之間的婚姻。

Like we in the LGBT community have gone from being a

在美國訴溫莎案，

pathologized and reviled and criminalized group,

一名 79 歲的女同性戀者伊迪絲·溫莎

to being seen as part of the great human quest for

起訴聯邦政府，

dignity and equality.

因為她被迫支付

We've gone from having to hide our sexuality in order to maintain our jobs

她已故妻子的財產房地產稅，

and our families, to literally getting a place at the table with the president.

但異性戀夫婦卻不用這麼做。

And a shout out at his second inauguration.

當這繼續通過

I just wanna read what he said at that inauguration.

下級法院，

We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths –- that all of us are created equal –-

婁詠訟案件被反覆引用作先例。

it is the star that guides us still

當它在 2013 年去到了最高法院，

just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall.

最高法院同意了，

Now we know that everything is not perfect,

DOMA 被定違憲。

especially when you look at what's happening with the LGBT

這是令人難以置信。

rights issue internationally.

而且同性婚姻運動

But it says something about how far we've come.

多年來一直在得收穫。

When our president puts the gay freedom struggle and the contacts of the other