Name: 美国政府为何向洛克希德马丁公司支付数十亿美元（Why The U.S. Government Pays Lockheed Martin Billions）
Uploaded: 2021-05-16T12:51:01.000Z
Duration: 13 min 40 s
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Lockheed Martin is the top grossing defense firm in the world, and the

U.S. government supports that business to the tune of over $37.7

billion. It surpasses its closest competitors, Boeing and Raytheon, by

These funds are granted by Congress to provide equipment that enables the

U.S. military to protect the country at home and abroad.

So why is Lockheed the defense darling of the U.S.

government? And how did it beat out its competitors?

One of the top priorities of all administrations is the protection and

To ensure that, politicians work with defense contractors to provide

This partnership provides a unique opportunity for private corporations to

execute the will of the government and requires a delicate balance.

President Eisenhower, in his farewell address, coined the term

And what he was talking about was the close connection and collaboration

between arms contractors and uniformed military.

In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of

unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the

Congress and the Department of Defense tended to work together in a way

that created enormous incentives to increase military spending.

For example, when there's a major weapons program like, say, the F-35,

which is the current Air Force combat aircraft, is being purchased,

members of Congress might have questions about this plane like is it

performing well? Are we getting a good deal for our money and so forth.

They are reluctant to vote against it because it means going up against

The Congress people in whose district those companies are located and the

Defense Department that then gets to use the equipment that is purchased

in this way. And Eisenhower believed that that complex of the military,

the industry and the government, the Congress in particular, created a

tendency for the United States to overspend on national security.

For most of the defense industry, their biggest source of business is the

Department of Defense. So they kind of live and die with the defense

budget as it increases, the revenue increases, as it decreases, the

Waging an actual war is a very expensive project.

The 9/11 attacks in 2001 were a shock to the American psyche, led to a

military spending in the years after 2001, partly because of the immediate

issue of terrorism and partly because of the closely related but second

order problems of the wars that the counterterrorist program led to in

And so American defense spending has grown radically since 2001 and

And Lockheed Martin is the top-contracted company by the U.S.

government. In 2018 alone, the company sold $37.7

government, making up 70% of their net sales.

The other 28% came from foreign military sales and 2% came from commercial

Lockheed's total revenue in 2018 was about $53 billion.

By contrast, Lockheed's next biggest competitor, Boeing, was awarded about

$23 billion from government contracts the same year.

So even though Boeing is a much larger company with $101 billion in total

revenue in 2018, only a small portion of its business relies on defense

contracts. Boeing might be a prominent example where they do get a lot of

revenue from the commercial business falling, in fact, it's about two

thirds of its revenue from commercial aviation, about a third from its

defense business. Boeing mostly makes planes for commercial airlines, but

it also has a robust business making military aircraft and other weapons.

Raytheon is a prominent defense firm that offers services in everything

68% of Raytheon's net sales came from the U.S.

government in 2018, which means about $18.4

Department of Defense, as does Lockheed Martin.

However, before Lockheed Martin got this very crucial customer, it

Glenn L. Martin opened his aviation company on August 16th, 1912.

The company went on to become one of the earliest suppliers of the U.S.

military, making aircraft for both the army and the navy.

They went on from success to success through the twenties and the thirties

pioneering all sorts of new aircrafts, but particularly military

Martin Company merged with the American Marietta Corporation.

It was renamed the Martin Marietta Corporation.

The same year, Glenn Martin launched his aviation business,

the Lockheed brothers launched their aviation business, the Alco Hydro

Aeroplane Company, which was later named Lockheed Aircraft Company.

Lockheed, L-o-u-g-h-e-a-d, is pronounced like Lockheed.

People had a hard time pronouncing it that led to the brothers legally

changing the spelling of their surname to Lockheed.

Malcolm went on to start a successful car hydraulic brake company, and

Alan resigned after the company was bought by Detroit Aircraft

Corporation. But the company didn't last long and fell into receivership

under the Title Insurance and Trust Company of Los Angeles, officially

Its assets were sold off to Robert Gross and other investors who went on

to form a new Lockheed Aircraft Corporation of Delaware.

Lockheed Aircraft Corporation changed its name in 1977 to Lockheed

Corporation to demonstrate they offer other services besides aviation.

Those two companies, the Martin Marietta Corporation and Lockheed

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美国政府为何向洛克希德马丁公司支付数十亿美元（Why The U.S. Government Pays Lockheed Martin Billions）

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