I'm Adam.

我是亞當。

In today's video we're going to look at phrasal verbs.

在今天的視頻中，我們要看一下短語動詞。

Well, one phrasal verb in particular using the verb "break".

嗯，特別是一個使用動詞 "打破 "的短語動詞。

So, again, just to refresh our memories: A phrasal verb is a verb and a preposition that

是以，再次提醒我們注意。一個短語動詞是一個動詞和一個介詞，它的作用是

when put together sometimes have completely different meanings than the two words, and

當放在一起時，有時會有與這兩個詞完全不同的含義，而且

sometimes they have multiple meanings.

有時它們有多重含義。

So we're going to start with: "break".

所以我們要從以下幾個方面入手"休息"。

First of all: "break" means to basically make somebody whole not whole.

首先："打破 "的意思是基本上使某人完整而不完整。

So you can break your bone, means it's, like, snap in half, or you break your glass.

所以你可以打破你的骨頭，意味著它是，比如，折成兩半，或者你打破你的玻璃。

You drop the glass on the floor and it breaks, it comes into pieces, so that's what "break"

你把玻璃掉在地上，它就碎了，它就成了碎片，所以這就是 "碎"。

means.

是指。

And most of these words you can a little bit guess their meanings, some of them you will

而這些詞中的大部分你都可以稍微猜到它們的含義，有些你會

not guess at all.

一點也不猜測。

We're going to start with "break out".

我們將從 "突圍 "開始。

Okay, "break out" has a few meanings, and we have the noun "breakout".

好吧，"突圍 "有幾個意思，我們有名詞 "突圍"。

Okay?

好嗎？

"To break out", so the first meaning we're going to look at is a rash, r-a-s-h.

"爆發"，所以我們要看的第一個意思是疹子，r-a-s-h。

Actually I'll write this down for you.

事實上，我會為你寫下這個。

If you break out in a rash, it basically means you ate something that you're allergic to.

如果你出了皮疹，基本上意味著你吃了什麼東西，對其過敏。

So, some people, for example, are allergic to chocolate.

是以，比如說有些人對巧克力過敏。

So they eat a piece of chocolate, or...

所以他們吃一塊巧克力，或...

By accident and suddenly on their skin they see little, red dots everywhere.

一不小心，突然在他們的皮膚上，他們看到到處都是小紅點。

Okay?

好嗎？

That is called a rash.

這就是所謂的皮疹。

It's itchy, it's not very pretty, but it's an allergic reaction.

它很癢，不是很好看，但這是一種過敏反應。

So you break out in a rash, usually.

所以你通常會出疹子。

Okay?

好嗎？

That's one.

那是一個。

The same thing, on the same idea, when we talk about a disease.

同樣的事情，在同樣的想法上，當我們談論一種疾病時。

So, a disease or a virus, for example, starts somewhere and then it just breaks out.

是以，例如一種疾病或病毒，在某處開始，然後就爆發了。

It spreads.

它擴散了。

So: "to break out" means to spread.

所以。"爆發 "是指傳播。

So, some diseases, like for example, SARS, I don't know if everybody remembers that disease,

所以，有些疾病，比如說SARS，我不知道大家是否記得那個疾病。

it started in one little place, and then it suddenly broke out and travelled all over

它從一個小地方開始，然後突然爆發，走遍了整個世界。

the world, and it was an epidemic, and everybody was really scared.

世界上，這是一種流行病，所有人都非常害怕。

Another meaning of "break out" and similar to the idea of spread, when we talk about

"爆發 "的另一個意思，與傳播的概念相似，當我們談論到

artists, especially like actors or musicians, they break out, it means they suddenly become

藝術家，特別是像演員或音樂家，他們爆發了，這意味著他們突然變得

very popular or very famous.

非常受歡迎或非常有名。

So, some singers or some bands, they make an album, for example.

是以，一些歌手或一些樂隊，他們做了一張專輯，比如說。

And, you know, the sales are so-so and not that many people hear about them.

而且，你知道，銷售情況一般，沒有多少人聽說過它們。

Then their next album, so-so, maybe a little bit better, maybe not.

然後他們的下一張專輯，一般，也許有一點好，也許沒有。

Their third album suddenly they break out, suddenly everybody knows who they are, they're

他們的第三張專輯突然爆發了，突然每個人都知道他們是誰，他們是

very famous, everybody's buying their album, so we also call this their "breakout album".

非常有名，每個人都在買他們的專輯，所以我們也稱這是他們的 "突破性專輯"。

That's the album that spread their name and made them famous.

就是這張專輯傳播了他們的名字，使他們成名。

Okay?

好嗎？

And lastly: "to break out" means to escape.

最後："突圍 "意味著逃跑。

So if you break out of jail, that means you escape from jail.

是以，如果你越獄，就意味著你逃出了監獄。

So a little bit like, you know, you have...

所以有點像，你知道，你有...

You're handcuffed or you have that ball with a chain on your leg, so you break it and you

你被戴上手銬，或者你的腿上有一個帶鏈子的球，所以你打破了它，你

get out, so you escape.

出去，所以你就逃跑了。

You break out of jail.

你越獄了。

So that's "break out".

所以這就是 "突圍"。

"Break in", a few meanings.

"闖入"，有幾個意思。

One, and again, "break-in" is a noun with the hyphen.

一，再說，"闖關 "是一個帶連字元的名詞。

"To break in" basically means to enter illegally and using force.

"闖入 "基本上意味著非法進入並使用武力。

So, if someone has a break in in their house, means that the burglar broke the lock or the

是以，如果有人闖入他們的房子，意味著竊賊破壞了鎖或

window, or whatever and came in and stole their things.

窗戶，或什麼的，然後進來偷他們的東西。

So: "to break in" means to enter forcefully.

所以。"闖入 "意味著強行進入。

Usually we use it with "break into", you break into someone's house, you break into the office,

通常我們與 "闖入 "一起使用，你闖入別人的房子，你闖入辦公室。

etc.

等。

But "break into" has another meaning, we'll get to that.

但 "闖入 "有另一個意思，我們會說到這個。

So that's "break in".

所以這就是 "磨合"。

Another meaning of "break in": "to break in" means to make something basically more suited

"磨合 "的另一個意思。"磨合 "的意思是使某些東西基本上更加適合

to your style, to your comfort.

對你的風格，對你的舒適。

Okay?

好嗎？

So think about jeans.

是以，考慮一下牛仔褲。

When you buy your first pair of jeans or when you buy a new pair of jeans, I should say,

當你買第一條牛仔褲時，或者當你買一條新牛仔褲時，我應該說。

they're a little bit stiff.

他們有點僵硬。

You know?

你知道嗎？

They're not that comfortable, you're not sitting too well in them, so you do a few squats.

它們不是那麼舒適，你在裡面坐得不是太好，所以你做了幾個下蹲。

Okay?

好嗎？

Or you do some stretches, or you put it in the laundry, and after a few washes, it becomes

或者你做了一些伸展運動，或者你把它放在衣服裡，洗了幾次後，它變得

a little bit softer, a little bit more flexible, so now your jeans are broken in.

有一點柔軟，有一點彈性，所以現在你的牛仔褲已經磨合好了。

You've broken in your jeans.

你已經磨合了你的牛仔褲。

If you take a baseball glove-okay?-this is a very common thing that you need to break

如果你拿一個棒球手套--好嗎？--這是一個非常常見的東西，你需要打破

in.

在。

When you buy a new baseball glove it's very stiff, so if somebody throws you the ball,

當你買一個新的棒球手套時，它非常堅硬，所以如果有人把球扔給你。

you can't catch it because you can't close the glove.

你無法接住它，因為你無法關閉手套。

So, what do you do?

那麼，你是怎麼做的？

You take some oil, you put it inside the glove, take a baseball, put it in, close it tight,

你拿一些油，把它放在手套裡面，拿一個棒球，把它放進去，關緊它。

tie it with some rope, put it on the street, drive over it with your car, slip it under

用繩子綁住它，把它放在街上，用你的車開過去，把它滑到下面。

your bed and sleep on it for a few days.

你的床，在上面睡幾天。

After a few days it's nice, and soft, and very flexible and you can catch the ball.

幾天後，它變得很好，很軟，很有彈性，你可以接住球。

So, that's how you break in a baseball glove.

所以，這就是你如何磨合棒球手套。

You can also break in a person in the same way.

你也可以用同樣的方式打入一個人。

Somebody new comes to your office to work in your company, but, you know, they don't

有人來到你的辦公室，在你的公司工作，但是，你知道，他們並沒有

really know everything about the office, they don't know the company culture, they don't

他們不瞭解辦公室的一切，他們不瞭解公司的文化，他們不瞭解

really know anybody, they don't have friends.

真正認識的人，他們沒有朋友。

So you help break them in, you show them how everything works, you introduce them to other

是以，你要幫助他們適應環境，告訴他們一切如何運作，你要把他們介紹給其他的人。

people in the company, and soon enough they're comfortable, they're working like everybody

在公司裡的人，很快他們就會感到舒適，他們會像所有人一樣工作。

else.

否則。

"Break up", I think everybody knows this one.

"分手"，我想每個人都知道這句話。

You break up with your boyfriend, you break up with your girlfriend.

你和你的男朋友分手了，你和你的女朋友分手了。

Okay?

好嗎？

And you go through a "break-up", basically means you go through the process of separating,

而你經歷了 "分手"，基本上意味著你經歷了分離的過程。

splitting up.

分手了。

Okay?

好嗎？

"Break up" can also mean to separate into smaller pieces.

"分手 "也可以指分離成小塊。

So if you think about a big company, a conglomerate...

是以，如果你想到一個大公司，一個企業集團...

This is a good word to know.

這是一個需要了解的好詞。

A "conglomerate" is a huge company that actually owns a lot of smaller companies.

一個 "企業集團 "是一個巨大的公司，它實際上擁有許多較小的公司。

Okay?

好嗎？

In Asia you have a lot of these conglomerates, they're huge.

在亞洲，你有很多這樣的企業集團，它們很龐大。

But let's say you want...

但是，假設你想...

You're the owner of one of these conglomerates and you want to split it up, you want to make

你是這些企業集團之一的所有者，你想把它拆分，你想讓

some money, or you don't want all the work, you want to relax a little bit, so you break

一些錢，或者你不想要所有的工作，你想放鬆一下，所以你打破了

up the company into pieces, and then sell each one individually, make tons of money.

把公司抽成幾塊，然後逐一出售，賺取大量的錢。

You can break up anything into smaller pieces that are easier to handle.

你可以把任何東西拆成更小的碎片，這樣更容易處理。

Okay, sometimes we talk about TV.

好吧，有時我們會談論電視。

You're watching TV or even on Skype if you're on the internet and the connection is not

你在看電視，甚至在Skype上，如果你在互聯網上，連接不

good, like somebody freezes and whatever, so they're not...

很好，就像有人凍住了之類的，所以他們不...

It's not a very good connection, so you can say to somebody: "Oh, you're breaking up."

這不是一個很好的連接，所以你可以對某人說，"哦，你要分手了。"

The connection is breaking, it's not smooth and flowing.

連接正在斷裂，它不順暢，不流動。

Okay?

好嗎？

So that's another very common use of "break up".

所以這是 "分手 "的另一個非常常見的用法。

"Break off" basically means to separate a piece from something else, to make not whole.

"斷開 "基本上意味著將一塊東西與其他東西分開，使之成為不完整的東西。

So if there's a tree and it's hanging over your driveway, and it's, like...

是以，如果有一棵樹，它掛在你的車道上，而且它是，比如...

The leaves are falling on your car, you go to the tree, you grab the branch and you just

樹葉落在你的車上，你走到樹下，抓住樹枝，你就這樣

break it off, and it's no more branch, no more leaves, no more problem.

把它折斷，就不再有樹枝，不再有樹葉，不再有問題。

Okay?

好嗎？

You can also break off, means like interrupt, especially when we're talking about speech.

你也可以中斷，意味著像中斷一樣，特別是當我們在談論演講時。

So I'm talking to somebody and then I hear a large crash, so I...

所以我正在和某人說話，然後我聽到一個巨大的撞擊聲，所以我...

In the middle of the speech I break off the speech to go deal with that.

在演講的中間，我中斷了演講，去處理這個問題。

Right?

對嗎？

So you interrupt something, especially speech when we're using that.

所以你打斷了一些東西，特別是講話，當我們在使用這個的時候。

Now, I want to be careful with "for".

現在，我想謹慎對待 "為"。

Technically, when you "break for lunch", for example, or "brake for a child on the street",

從技術上講，當你 "休息吃午飯 "時，例如，或 "為街上的孩子剎車"。

the "for" goes with the object, not with the "break".

"for "與對象一起，而不是與 "break "一起。

It's not a phrasal verb.

這不是一個短語動詞。

So: "break for lunch" means take a break.

所以。"休息吃午飯 "是指休息一下。

Why?

為什麼？

For lunch, because you're going to go have lunch.

為了午餐，因為你要去吃午餐。

So be careful.

所以要小心。

This is not a phrasal verb, so I put it in brackets.

這不是一個短語動詞，所以我把它放在括號裡。

Okay?

好嗎？

Let's go to this side: "break down", a few meanings here as well.

我們到這邊來："分解"，這裡也有幾個意思。

If something breaks down, it means it stops working.

如果東西壞了，就意味著它停止工作。

So when you...

是以，當你...

Especially when we're talking about machines, a machine breaks down or your car broke down,

特別是當我們在談論機器的時候，機器壞了，或者你的車壞了。

it means it stopped working, there was a problem with it, you probably need to fix it.

這意味著它停止了工作，它有一個問題，你可能需要修復它。

When you want to analyze something...

當你想分析一些東西時...

Let's say you have a problem and it's a pretty big problem and you can't deal with it because...

假設你有一個問題，而且是一個相當大的問題，你無法處理它，因為......。

Because it's too big, so you break it down.

因為它太大了，所以你把它分解了。

You separate it into smaller pieces, and then you analyze each piece by itself, so that

你把它抽成小塊，然後你對每一塊都進行分析，這樣

way you can fix the whole problem.

這樣你就可以解決整個問題。

This is what scientists do.

這就是科學家的工作。

They have a problem, they break it down into individual parts, they assess each one, they

他們有一個問題，他們把它分解成各個部分，他們評估每個部分，他們

fix the problem altogether.

徹底解決這個問題。

Now, when we talk about a "breakdown", again, it's the situation of something not working.

現在，當我們談論 "故障 "時，同樣，它是一些東西不工作的情況。

The most common use is when we talk about, like, a mental breakdown.

最常見的用途是當我們談論，比如，精神崩潰。

If someone has a mental breakdown, it means their brain, not stopped working because,

如果有人精神崩潰，這意味著他們的大腦，不是因為停止工作。

you know, they're still alive, they can still do things, but emotionally they just can't

你知道，他們仍然活著，他們仍然可以做一些事情，但在感情上他們就是不能

do anything; they can't go to work, they can't talk to people, they just don't know what

做任何事情；他們不能去工作，不能與人交談，他們只是不知道什麼是

to do with their lives, they're very distressed, very depressed, etc., so they have a mental

他們非常痛苦，非常沮喪，等等，所以他們有一個精神上的問題。

breakdown.

崩潰。

Maybe they go to a doctor, they fix it, they get back on their feet and go on.

也許他們去看醫生，他們解決了問題，他們重新站起來，繼續前進。

So: "break into" I mentioned, you can break into something, means enter it forcefully,

所以。我提到的 "闖入"，你可以闖入某個東西，意味著強行進入。

but you can also break into an industry.

但你也可以闖入一個行業。

Okay, so let's say I'm a photographer and I want to make money...

好吧，讓我們說我是一個攝影師，我想賺錢...

Make a career as a photographer, so I take a lot of pictures, but nobody's really interested,

以攝影師為職業，所以我拍了很多照片，但沒有人真正感興趣。

nobody's really buying.

沒有人真正購買。

So finally I go to one magazine and I show my portfolio, and they say: "Wow, this is

所以最後我去了一家雜誌社，我展示了我的作品集，他們說。"哇，這就是

really good stuff.

真正的好東西。

Okay, come work for us."

好吧，來為我們工作。"

So now I've basically entered this industry, the photography industry, I've broken in,

所以現在我基本上已經進入了這個行業，攝影行業，我已經闖入了。

I have my start, and now I can build my career from that point on.

我有了自己的起點，現在我可以從這一點開始建立我的職業生涯。

So it's still enter, but it's not a physical place and it's not forcibly.

是以，它仍然是進入，但它不是一個實際的地方，也不是強行進入。

Okay?

好嗎？

It's an industry, it's an idea.

這是一個行業，這是一個想法。

"Break away", so "break away" means to separate from a group.

"脫離"，所以 "脫離 "意味著從一個團體中分離出來。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, in sports especially you see this, you have a lot of, like, basketball players, everybody

所以，在體育領域，特別是你看到這一點，你有很多，比如，籃球運動員，每個人都

is in this area trying to get the ball, and then one guy steals the ball and he runs.

是在這個區域試圖得到球，然後一個人搶了球，他跑了。

And he's over here, and the rest of the players are all over there.

而他在這裡，其他球員都在那裡。

So he's on a breakaway, and then he goes and slam dunks, does whatever he wants, because

所以他在突破的時候，然後去扣籃，做任何他想做的事情，因為

nobody's around him.

沒有人在他身邊。

He has separated himself from the group, he has broken away.

他已經把自己從群體中分離出來，他已經脫離了。

This is also what happens in politics, especially when you talk about "breakaway" as an adjective.

這也是政治中發生的情況，特別是當你把 "脫離 "作為一個形容詞來談論時。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, the sports player goes on a "breakaway", but a political group, we talk about a "breakaway

所以，體育運動員去 "脫離"，但一個政治團體，我們談論的是 "脫離"。

party".

黨"。

So let's say you have...

所以我們說，你有...

Okay, let's look at America, for example.

好吧，讓我們看一下美國，例如。

In the United States you have the Republican Party, and then you have the breakaway party

在美國，你有共和黨，然後你有分離的政黨

called the Tea Party.

稱為茶黨。

So, the Tea Party used to be...

所以，茶黨曾經是...

Are people from the Republicans who decided to go their own way and separate from the

是來自共和黨的人，他們決定走自己的路，並與之分離。

main Republican group.

共和黨的主要團體。

Okay?

好嗎？

So that's "break away".

所以這就是 "脫離"。

And "breakeven".

還有 "收支平衡"。

"Breakeven" basically means not gain...

"收支平衡 "基本上意味著不獲得...

Not gain, not loss.

不是收穫，也不是損失。

So, when you reach a "breakeven point" it means you're at neutral.

是以，當你達到 "收支平衡點 "時，意味著你處於中性。

If you invest some money, you invested $10,000 and after a year, you know, you're in stocks

如果你投資一些錢，你投資1萬美元，一年後，你知道，你在股票中

and your stocks went down, your stocks went up, but after a year you're at breakeven.

而你的股票下跌了，你的股票上漲了，但一年後你就達到了收支平衡。

That means you didn't make any money, you didn't lose any money, although you technically

這意味著你沒有賺到任何錢，你沒有失去任何錢，儘管你在技術上

did because of inflation and all that stuff, but that's a whole other lesson.

因為通貨膨脹和所有這些東西，但這是另一個完整的教訓。

So: "breakeven".

所以。"收支平衡"。

Now, if you have any questions about any of these phrasal verbs-I hope they were pretty

現在，如果你對這些短語動詞有任何疑問，我希望它們是很好的。

clear-please go to www.engvid.com, there's a forum, you can ask me questions there.

clear-請到www.engvid.com，那裡有一個論壇，你可以在那裡向我提問。

There's also a quiz where you can practice using all of these in sentences.

還有一個小測驗，你可以練習在句子中使用所有這些內容。

And I hope you like this lesson.

我希望你喜歡這一課。

Please like it for me and subscribe to my channel, and come back for more great videos.

請為我點贊並訂閱我的頻道，並回來觀看更多精彩的視頻。

See you.

見你。