These examples all took place within two weeks  

這些例子都是在兩週內發生的

and show how climate change is increasing  the intensity and frequency of these events.

並表明氣候變化如何增加這些事件的強度和頻率。

Scientists have been begging for urgent  action, and Europe is stepping up the plate.

科學家們一直在懇求採取緊急行動，而歐洲正在加緊行動。

The European Commission put  forward the world's first  

歐盟委員會提出了世界上第一個

wide-ranging and concrete set of measures  to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

一系列廣泛而具體的措施，以減少溫室氣體排放。

So, what's the plan?

那麼，計劃是什麼？

The European Union has pledged to reduce  net greenhouse gas emissions by at least  

歐盟已承諾將溫室氣體淨排放量至少減少一半。

55% from 1990 levels within the next ten years.

在未來十年內比1990年的水準提高55%。

That's very ambitious because it has only cut  its emission by 24% so far since 1990 and it is  

這是非常雄心勃勃的，因為自1990年以來，迄今為止，它只減少了24%的排放量，而且它是

putting in place a lot of policies designed to  get it to that more ambitious target in 2030.

落實了很多政策，旨在讓它在2030年達到這個更宏偉的目標。

The aim is to become carbon neutral by 2050,  

我們的目標是在2050年前實現碳中和。

and now it's published the proposals it hopes  will help the 27-member bloc reach that goal.

現在，它公佈了它希望能幫助27個成員集團實現這一目標的建議。

For example, the new measures would mandate:

例如，新措施將規定：

a de facto ban on producing new diesel-  and gasoline-powered cars by 2035,

到2035年，事實上禁止生產新的機油和汽油驅動的汽車。

producing at least 40% of  energy from renewable sources,

至少有40%的能源來自可再生能源。

and planting three billion  trees across Europe by 2030.

並在2030年前在整個歐洲種植30億棵樹。

The centerpiece of this package  is a plan to make polluters  

這套方案的核心是一個計劃，讓汙染者

pay for their emissions. So how would this work?

為他們的排放付費。那麼，這將如何運作？

Europe's Emissions Trading System,  which has been in place since 2005,  

歐洲的排放交易系統，自2005年以來一直在實施。

puts a limit on the total amount of greenhouse  gases that businesses across the EU can emit.

對整個歐盟企業可以排放的溫室氣體總量進行了限制。

Under the scheme, a set number of emissions  allowances are issued every year.

根據該計劃，每年都會發放一定數量的排放配額。

Companies must hold enough of these allowances to cover their emissions, or they'll get a big fine.

公司必須持有足夠的這些配額來覆蓋他們的排放，否則他們將被處以鉅額罰款。

These allowances act as a type of currency.

這些津貼作為一種貨幣的作用。

If a company doesn't have enough  allowances, they must either cut  

如果一個公司沒有足夠的津貼，他們必須削減

their emissions or buy allowances off  another business who didn't use theirs up.

他們的排放或從另一個沒有用完他們的配額的企業那裡購買配額。

This serves as a financial incentive,  

這可以作為一種經濟激勵。

rewarding companies which cut their carbon  dependency and upping costs for big polluters.

獎勵那些減少碳依賴的公司，提高大汙染者的成本。

The overall limit is gradually reduced over time  

隨著時間的推移，總體限制逐漸減少

to keep the continent on course  for its long-term climate targets.

以保持非洲大陸在實現其長期氣候目標方面的進展。

And the European Commission  wants to take it a step further.

而歐盟委員會想要更進一步。

The aviation industry, for instance, had been  exempt from these requirements since 2012.

例如，航空業自2012年以來一直被豁免於這些要求。

The commission wants to phase that out.

該委員會希望逐步取消這種做法。

It also wants shipping, one  of the most polluting sectors,

它還希望航運業，即汙染最嚴重的部門之一。

to be included in its  emissions trading scheme too.

也將被納入其排放交易計劃。

It has also suggested a second Emissions Trading System, which would include road

它還建議建立第二個排放交易系統，其中包括公路和鐵路。

transportation and emissions from buildings.

運輸和建築物的排放。

We have seen dramatic falls in greenhouse  gas emissions from the power sector,  

我們已經看到電力部門的溫室氣體排放大幅下降。

but the two laggards at the moment is transports,  it's the way we get around and then the other is  

但目前兩個落後者是運輸，它是我們出行的方式，另一個是

on the buildings sector, where at the moment  too many houses in Europe are heated by gas,

在建築領域，目前歐洲有太多的房子是用天然氣供暖。

fossil gas, we need to get rid of that, we need  to get out of this system entirely and they're the  

化石氣體，我們需要擺脫它，我們需要完全擺脫這個系統，他們是

trickiest nuts to crack because they have  a direct impacts on the lives of citizens,

這是最棘手的問題，因為它們直接影響到公民的生活。

so it's really important that we address those  emissions in a way which is socially fair.

是以，我們以一種對社會公平的方式來解決這些排放問題真的很重要。

The commission is aware that the transition  to carbon neutrality will have a cost,

委員會意識到，向碳中和的過渡會有成本。

and that it's likely to hit the most  vulnerable parts of society the hardest.

而且，它可能對社會中最脆弱的部分造成最嚴重的打擊。

That's why it has suggested that 25%  

這就是為什麼它建議，25%的

of the revenue from emissions trading  should go to a Social Climate Fund.

排放權交易的收入應歸入社會氣候基金。

The fund will be dedicated to helping these  citizens pay for energy efficient technologies,

該基金將專門用於幫助這些公民支付節能技術。

including heating and cooling  systems and cleaner transport.

包括加熱和冷卻系統以及更清潔的運輸。

But the EU can't control what  happens outside of its borders,  

但歐盟無法控制在其邊界之外發生的事情。

which is why the commission also wants  to impose a carbon price on imports.

這就是為什麼該委員會還想對進口產品徵收碳價。

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, also  known as CBAM, puts a price on carbon imports.

碳邊境調整機制，也被稱為CBAM，對碳進口進行了定價。

It's designed to incentivize  places with less stringent  

它的目的是激勵那些要求不那麼嚴格的地方

emission rules to reduce their carbon footprint.

排放規則，以減少他們的碳足跡。

If approved, it would make importing these  goods just as expensive as producing them  

如果獲得準許，它將使進口這些貨物與生產它們一樣昂貴。

on the continent under the  EU's carbon pricing rules.

在歐盟的碳定價規則下，歐洲大陸上的碳定價。

But countries such as China, India, South Africa  and Brazil have raised concerns about what

但是，中國、印度、南非和巴西等國家已經提出了對以下問題的擔憂

this could mean for their economies and people.

這可能對他們的經濟和人民意味著什麼。

CBAM has very big implications for  countries which are exporting into  

CBAM對那些向中國出口的國家有非常大的影響。

the EU market and they are going to have to  

歐盟市場，他們將不得不

invest in serious dialogue with those  countries to bring them on board.

投資於與這些國家的認真對話，使它們加入進來。

And one of the ways to do that is to make  sure that the revenues that will be generated  

而做到這一點的方法之一是確保將產生的收入

are returned to those countries to  support their low carbon transition.

被返還給這些國家以支持其低碳轉型。

As you can see, this plan is quite detailed.

正如你所看到的，這個計劃是相當詳細的。

And though it takes concrete steps  towards a carbon neutral continent,  

雖然它採取了具體步驟，以實現碳中和大陸。

some environmental groups say Europe  should be even more ambitious.

一些環保組織說，歐洲應該有更大的雄心。

We find that this package is not credible,  that this package is much too low  

我們發現，這個方案是不可信的，這個方案太低了。

and that this package gives the impression  that the EU is acting when actually the  

而這一攬子計劃給人的印象是歐盟正在採取行動，而實際上是

action is too weak, too slow to prevent the  dramatic impacts of runaway climate change.

行動太弱，太慢，無法防止失控的氣候變化的巨大影響。

For Greenpeace this package is based on a target  that is too low, is not aligned with science  

對於綠色和平組織來說，這套方案所依據的目標過低，不符合科學規律。

and it will not prevent the ongoing destruction  of the earth's life's support systems.

而且它不會阻止對地球生命支持系統的持續破壞。

If they had proposed this climate package 30  years ago, I think they would have received  

如果他們在30年前提出這個氣候方案，我想他們會收到

a lot of praise but now we no longer have  the time for the small evolutionary steps.

很多讚美之詞，但現在我們不再有時間進行小的進化步驟。

Others are concerned about implementation.

另一些人關注的是執行問題。

It's fine to set the policy, but we  have seen many cases where policies  

制定政策是沒有問題的，但我們已經看到許多案例，政策

haven't really been realized.

還沒有真正實現。

We look for instance to what  happened in France when it  

例如，我們可以看看法國發生的情況，當時它

tried to increase carbon taxes  on fuels. It led to a backlash.

試圖增加燃料的碳稅。這導致了反擊。

These proposals are now in the hands  of European lawmakers, who will have to  

這些建議現在掌握在歐洲立法者的手中，他們將不得不

decide whether they go too far or lack the  ambition needed to tackle climate change.

決定他們是否走得太遠或缺乏應對氣候變化所需的雄心。

Which leaves one more critical question:  when will they come into force?

這就留下了一個更關鍵的問題：它們將於何時生效？

It is not going to be an easy path. We can  expect at least two years of legislative process.

這不會是一條容易的道路。我們可以預期至少有兩年的立法過程。

We have up to 12 pieces of legislation with really  

我們有多達12項的立法，其中有真正的

significant implications for the  European economy, all moving together.

對歐洲經濟的重大影響，所有的人都在一起行動。

So, on the one hand this means there is a huge  complexity, there is a huge workload, a huge  

是以，一方面這意味著有一個巨大的複雜性，有一個巨大的工作量，有一個巨大的

burden but at the same time there are  advantages in trying to do everything  

負擔，但與此同時，嘗試做所有事情也有好處。

together in a big package, because it  means that you can have trade-offs.

在一個大包裹裡，因為這意味著你可以有取捨。

One of the reasons that we can have some hope here  is that businesses, companies won't need to wait

我們在這裡可以有一些希望的原因之一是，企業、公司將不需要等待

for all of this legislation to be made law before  they start changing the way they do business.

在他們開始改變他們的經營方式之前，所有這些立法都將成為法律。

The signal has now been sent; the winners  in the new economy will be the ones that  

現在信號已經發出；新經濟中的贏家將是那些

move fastest towards zero carbon business models.

最快走向零碳商業模式。

We are already too late in moving  on climate change, we can see  

我們在氣候變化方面的行動已經太晚了，我們可以看到

this summer, extreme weather events all around the  world, and it is going to continue to get worse  

今年夏天，世界各地都發生了極端天氣事件，而且情況將繼續惡化。

for at least the next three decades  until we get to net zero as a world.

至少在未來的三十年裡，直到我們達到世界上的淨零。

We need to make this transition orderly  because if we kill lots of people and lose  

我們需要使這一過渡有序進行，因為如果我們殺了很多人，失去了

lots of jobs in the process of getting to net  zero then that will not be a successful route.

在實現淨零的過程中，如果有大量的工作，那麼這將不是一條成功的路線。

We need an orderly but accelerated  transition towards net zero emissions.

我們需要有序但加速地過渡到淨零排放。