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  • Plural nouns in English. Now we do actually  have rules for these. But there's a trick,  

    英語中的複數名詞。現在,我們確實有關於這些的規則。但有一個技巧。

  • there's a catch, there always is in English  pronunciation. We'll get to that.

    有一個問題,在英語發音中總是有的。我們將討論這個問題。

  • A noun in English is made plural when we  add an S or ES to the end of the word.  

    在英語中,當我們在詞尾加上S或ES時,一個名詞就變成了複數。

  • Guess what - this is the third person conjugation  of verbs too. So everything you learn here for  

    你猜怎麼著--這也是動詞的第三人稱變位法。是以,你在這裡學到的所有東西,對於

  • the pronunciation plural nouns also applies to  the 3rd person conjugation. Yay! Two for one!

    複數名詞的發音也適用於第三人稱變位。耶!一舉兩得!

  • For S, we add a letter and a sound. Cat becomes  cats. Dog becomes dogs. But listen: catsssssss,  

    對於S,我們添加一個字母和一個聲音。貓變成貓。狗變成了狗。但是聽:catsssssss。

  • dogzzzzzz, two different pronunciations of  that plural S. But then with certain words,  

    dogzzzzzz,這個複數S的兩個不同的發音,但隨後與某些單詞。

  • like 'beach', the plural is an -es and it's  an extra syllable, beaches. BEACH-iz, iz, iz.

    像'beach',複數是一個-es,是一個額外的音節,beaches。BEACH-iz, iz, iz.

  • When to use which pronunciation? And what's  the trick I told you about at the beginning?

    什麼時候使用哪種發音?還有,我在開始時告訴你的訣竅是什麼?

  • Use the 's' sound, like 'cat' becoming'cats', if  the final sound of the noun is p, t, k, f, or th.  

    如果名詞的最後一個音是p、t、k、f或th,則使用's'音,如'cat'變成'cats'。

  • Did you notice what all of those  sounds have in common? p, t, k, f, th.  

    你有沒有注意到這些聲音的共同點? p、t、k、f、th。

  • They're all unvoiced. There's no vibration  in my vocal cords making that happen. [ð] --  

    它們都是無聲的。我的聲帶中沒有振動使之發生。[ð] --

  • that's a voiced th. Th. these are all unvoicedThe S is also unvoiced. So is also unvoiced  

    這是一個有聲的th。Th. 這些都是無聲的。 S也是無聲的。所以也是無聲的

  • so the unvoiced S pronunciation goes  with these unvoiced sounds.

    是以,無聲的S發音與這些無聲的聲音相呼應。

  • Cats, ships, books, coughs. Now look therethe final letter was an H and that's not in  

    貓,船,書,咳嗽。現在看那裡,最後一個字母是H,這不是在

  • our list. But we're talking final soundsAnd the final sound of 'cough' is F. Cough,  

    我們的名單。但我們說的是最終音。 而 "cough "的最後一個音是F,咳嗽。

  • coughs. “There were quite a few coughs  in the audience, but I think we got a  

    咳嗽。"觀眾中出現了不少咳嗽聲,但我認為我們得到了一個

  • good recording of the concert.” And finallythe unvoiced TH, like in 'paths'. Paths.

    音樂會的良好錄音。"最後,無聲的TH,如'路徑'。路徑。

  • THS is a tricky combination and one thatget questions about quite a bit. Ths, ths.  

    THS是一個棘手的組合,也是我經常被問到的一個問題。釷,釷。

  • Tongue tip just out to tongue tip just in. For  the S the tongue tip can be pointing down or up, I  

    舌尖剛出來到舌尖剛進去。對於S來說,舌尖可以朝下或朝上,我

  • find it feels more natural to point down, ths,thsOne of the most common plural nouns THS ending is  

    發現指向下方的感覺更自然,ths,ths。 最常見的一個複數名詞THS結尾是

  • months, and good news, it has a shortcut. Instead  of saying 'months', most native speakers change  

    月,好消息是,它有一個捷徑。大多數母語者不說'月',而是改成

  • that TH to a T and say 'months'. He's six months  old. “Months”. A little easier than ths.

    這句話的意思是說 "幾個月"。他已經六個月大了。"months"。比ths容易一點。

  • Cough is a noun or a verbThird person conjugation,  

    咳嗽是一個名詞或動詞。 第三人稱變位。

  • coughs. He coughs a lot. Remember, the third  person conjugation follows the same rule.  

    咳嗽。他經常咳嗽。請記住,第三人稱的變體也遵循同樣的規則。

  • So since the verb ends in F, this  S is unvoiced sss. Coughs.

    是以,由於動詞以F結尾,這個S是無聲的SSS。咳嗽。

  • One final thing to say about case 1: Next  words. If the next word begins with an S,  

    關於案例1,最後要說的是:下一個詞。如果下一個詞以S開頭。

  • you're just making 1 S sound to link  there. For example, the students sit here.  

    你只是發出1個S音來連接那裡。例如,學生們坐在這裡。

  • Students sit, students sit. 1 S  to link to connect those words.

    學生坐,學生坐。1個S來連接,把這些詞連接起來。

  • If the next word begins with a Z, that  beginning sound takes over the plural  

    如果下一個詞以Z開頭,該開頭音就會取代複數。

  • and we more or less drop the S sound. For  example, the cats zipped around the house. Cats  

    而我們或多或少地放棄了S音。例如,貓咪在房子裡跳來跳去。貓咪

  • zipped become 'cazipped', just  link with the 1 z sound.

    zipped變成'cazipped',只需用1個z的聲音連接。

  • Ok, case 1, done. Case 2 is where it  gets a little tricky with our habits.  

    好吧,情況1,完成。情況2是我們的習慣變得有點棘手的地方。

  • Before we get into that, I want to call  your attention to a new YouTube feature,  

    在我們討論這個問題之前,我想提請你們注意YouTube的一項新功能。

  • Superthanks, that allows you to givesmall donation to my channel for a specific  

    超級感謝,這允許你為我的頻道提供小額捐款,用於特定的

  • video. This allows me not only to feel  your support and appreciation but to know  

    視頻。這使我不僅能夠感受到你們的支持和讚賞,而且能夠知道

  • what videos are the most valuable to YOU, so the  next time you're watching a video that you love,  

    哪些視頻對你來說是最有價值的,所以下次你在看一個你喜歡的視頻時。

  • hit that Superthanks button. Proceeds will be  going towards a new camera for my channel.

    點擊 "超級感謝 "按鈕。所得款項將用於為我的頻道購買一臺新相機。

  • In case two, the final sound  is any vowel or diphthong,  

    在第二種情況下,最後一個音是任何元音或雙元音。

  • or one of these consonants, and that  plural is pronounced as a Z sound.

    或其中一個輔音,而該複數則讀作Z音。

  • So let's take 'chairs' as our example, “chairz.”  Ending sound is a Z. Do you hear that? The  

    是以,讓我們以 "椅子 "為例,"chairz"。 結束音是一個Z,你聽到了嗎?這個

  • vocal cords vibrate, making the difference  between Z and S. I'll alternate for you:

    聲帶振動,使Z和S的區別,我為你交替。

  • sss,zzz, sss,zzz sss,zzz.

    sss,zzz, sss,zzz sss,zzz.

  • So this ending here, in case  2 is a Z, zzz. Chairzzz.  

    所以這裡的結尾,在第2種情況下是一個Z,ZZ。椅子zzz。

  • Except we don't actually pronounce it that  way. It's written in IPA with the Z sound,  

    只是我們實際上並不這樣發音。它在IPA中被寫成了Z音。

  • and yet it's not really a Z sound. Let's explore.  I'm using a voice recording app on my phone.  

    但這並不是真正的Z音。我們來探討一下。 我正在使用手機上的一個語音記錄應用程序。

  • I've recorded the word 'chair' with a clearstrong Z sound, chairzz, also a clear, strong  

    我記錄了 "椅子 "這個詞,有一個清晰、強烈的Z音,chairzz,也有一個清晰、強烈的

  • S sound, chairss. Both sound unnatural, then  I've recorded it the way we say it: chairs.

    S音,chairss。兩者聽起來都很不自然,那麼我就按我們的說法來記錄:椅子。

  • Now what we see here, these blue lines,  

    現在我們在這裡看到的是,這些藍線。

  • are the pitch. The note of the vibration of my  vocal cords. When a sound is unvoiced like sssss,  

    是音高。我的聲帶振動的音符。當一個聲音沒有聲音的時候,比如ssss。

  • you don't see any blue line. But if we see  a blue line, it's voiced, it's zzz, a z.

    你沒有看到任何藍線。但是,如果我們看到一條藍線,它是有聲音的,它是zz,一個z。

  • This first one here is me saying 'chairzwith an exaggerated z sound, zz,zz,  

    這裡的第一個是我用誇張的z音說'chairz',zz,zz。

  • a really strong clear z. Let's listen.

    我們來聽一下,一個真正強大的清晰的Z。

  • And if I bring my cursor here to the very end of  

    如果我把我的遊標移到這裡的最末端

  • that line of pitch right here and I play ityou'll see that there's not really any sound.  

    這條線的音高就在這裡,我播放它,你會看到沒有任何真正的聲音。

  • So there's no S there ending. Now, in this  next one I really exaggerated the S sound.

    所以那裡沒有S的結尾。現在,在接下來的這個中,我真的誇大了S的聲音。

  • Chairs

    椅子

  • So we would not say it that really  strongly. Let me bring the cursor back here  

    是以,我們不會說它真的很強烈。讓我把遊標移回這裡

  • to the end of the vocal vibration  and let's see, do we hear an S?

    到發聲振動的末端,讓我們看看,我們是否聽到一個S?

  • Definitely, we hear a clear S.

    肯定的是,我們聽到了一個清晰的S。

  • So, when I exaggerate the S,  

    是以,當我誇大S。

  • we can definitely hear it and see  that there is no vocal cord vibration.

    我們肯定能聽到它,並看到沒有聲帶振動。

  • Okay now, the 3rd time I've recorded  me saying chairs the way that it's  

    好了,現在,我已經第三次記錄了我說椅子的方式,它是

  • more normal in conversational  to say it, let's listen.

    在談話中說出來比較正常,讓我們聽聽。

  • So the question is: Does that ending sound have  a Z quality or is it an S quality? Do we have  

    那麼問題來了。那個結尾的聲音是有Z的品質還是有S的品質?我們是否有

  • an S sound with no voice in it? Let's see.

    一個沒有聲音的S音?讓我們來看看。

  • Yeah we do. It's super fast though  isn't it? It's not sss. That was s,s,s.  

    是的,我們有。但它是超級快的,不是嗎?這不是sss。那是s,s,s。

  • So fast so weak but definitely not a z, that's an  s, a short quick S. That's the weak ending Z.

    這麼快這麼弱,但絕對不是一個Z,那是一個S,一個簡短快速的S,那是弱的結尾Z。

  • So the way we actually pronounce case 2, S  as [z] sound, is really an S, but a weak S,  

    是以,我們實際的發音方式是案例2,S為[z]音,確實是一個S,但卻是一個弱S。

  • not a full S. Case 1, plurals  are pronounced as an S,  

    不是一個完整的S。情況1,複數的發音是一個S。

  • you make a clear S. Case 2, plurals are pronounced  as a Z, but you make a WEAK S. Confusing,  

    情況2,複數的發音是Z,但你發出的是WEAK S,令人困惑。

  • but true. The voiced ending Z sound is  weak. So weak that it sounds like a weak S.  

    但確實如此。發出的結尾Z的聲音很弱。弱到聽起來像一個弱的S。

  • By making the S really weak, it sounds like  a Z in these endings. I know. It's crazy.

    通過使S真的很弱,在這些結尾中聽起來像一個Z。我知道。這很瘋狂。

  • Let me just say a few of these plurals  for you. Notice you're not hearing zzz,  

    讓我為你說幾句這些複數。注意你沒有聽到zz。

  • a strong Z or Ss, a strong S.

    一個強大的Z或S,一個強大的S。

  • Windows.

    窗口。

  • Foods.

    食品。

  • Rooms.

    房間。

  • The ending is: [weak s] A very  weak without much hearing it.

    結局是。[弱s]一個非常弱的沒有什麼聽覺的。

  • So where does that leave us with case 3? We'll  get to that in a second, but first a general  

    那麼,案例3留給我們的是什麼呢?我們稍後會討論這個問題,但首先要說明的是

  • note on weak ending sounds. This strong/weak  thing is true of all paired ending consonants.  

    關於弱尾音的說明。這種強/弱的事情對所有成對的結尾輔音都是如此。

  • Let's take for example the word 'judge'.  It begins and ends ends in the J sound. JJ.  

    讓我們以 "法官 "這個詞為例。 它的開頭和結尾都是J音。JJ。

  • The first one is clear, the second  one isn't because it's an ending J.

    第一條很清楚,第二條不清楚,因為它是一個結局J。

  • Jj. Judge. Jj. This ending is weak  especially if we compare it with the CH  

    Jj.法官。Jj.這個結局很弱,特別是如果我們把它與CH

  • sound, the match. CH. CH. So the ending of  judge isn't Jj and it's not CH. It's ch,ch.  

    聲音,比賽。CH.CH。所以法官的結局不是Jj,也不是CH。是ch,ch。

  • A really weak version of the  unvoiced sound the CH. Judge.

    一個真正的弱化版的無聲的聲音the CH。法官。

  • Let's talk about linking it to another word.

    我們來談談把它與另一個詞聯繫起來的問題。

  • If the next word after these  plurals begins with a Z,  

    如果這些複數之後的下一個詞以Z開頭。

  • we link with one Z sound and it  does sound like a full clear Z.

    我們用一個 "Z "的聲音來連接,它聽起來確實是一個完整清晰的 "Z"。

  • For example, “the cars  zipped alongcarzzzzzipped.  

    例如,"汽車一路狂奔 "carzzzzzipped。

  • Strong Z because it also begins  the next word. Cars zipped,  

    強烈的Z,因為它也是下一個單詞的開頭。汽車的拉鍊。

  • the cars zipped along. So there is no feel  of an S in the plural ending here, just Z.

    汽車一路狂奔。所以這裡沒有複數結尾中的S的感覺,只有Z。

  • But, if the next word begins with an S,  then you just hear a single S sound to link,  

    但是,如果下一個單詞以S開頭,那麼你就只聽到一個S的聲音來連接。

  • no Z. For example, “the cars stopped.”  Carsssssstopped. Just an S sound.

    沒有Z,例如,"汽車停了"。 Carsssssstopped。只是一個S音。

  • Okay, Case: 3 for plural noun pronunciationIn case 3, we don't just add a sound,  

    好的,案例:3為複數名詞的發音。 在情況3中,我們不只是添加一個音。

  • we add a syllable. It's unstressed, and it's  IH, Z. You already know what I'm going to say  

    我們增加一個音節。它是無重音的,是IH,Z,你已經知道我要說什麼了

  • about that ending Z. It's a weak ending  sound, so it's actually more like weak  

    關於那個結尾的Z,它是一個弱結尾的聲音,所以它實際上更像是弱

  • S, without, zzzz, that vibration in  the vocal cords. This ending is ss, ss.

    S,沒有,zzzz,聲帶的那種振動。這個結尾是ss,ss。

  • This is the plural noun pronunciation  if the final sound of the noun is S,  

    如果名詞的最後一個音是S,這就是複數名詞的發音。

  • likebase”. Base becomes bases.

    如 "基地"。基地變成了基地。

  • We need to cover all our bases.

    我們需要覆蓋所有的基礎。

  • Bases, iz, iz, weak ending sound. This is so  similar yet different from the word 'basis'. There  

    基礎,iz,iz,弱尾音。這與 "基礎 "這個詞如此相似卻又不同。有

  • the ending sound is the S sound, it's a little  stronger. Basis. So we have bases and basis.

    尾音是S音,有點強。基地。所以我們有基地和基礎。

  • To make things extra confusingthe plural of 'basis' is this word,  

    為了使事情變得更加混亂,"基礎 "的複數是這個詞。

  • spelled like the plural of 'base', but pronounced  with an EE vowel in the second syllable, baseez.  

    拼寫與'base'的複數相同,但在第二個音節中發音為EE元音,即baseez。

  • So the plural of 'base' is 'bases', and the  plural of 'basis' is 'bases', spelled the same as  

    所以'基地'的複數是'bases',而'basis'的複數是'bases',拼寫相同的是

  • 'bases' but pronounced slightly  differently. Oh goodness.

    '基地',但發音略有不同。哦,天哪。

  • Our other ending sounds for case  3 are zz, sh, zh, ch, and jj.  

    案例3的其他尾音是zz、sh、zh、ch和jj。

  • So Rose, ending with a Z sound, becomes  roses. Two syllables. Rash becomes  

    所以玫瑰,以Z音結尾,變成了玫瑰。兩個音節。Rash成為

  • rashes. Garage becomes garages. Batch  becomes batches, and judge becomes judges.

    疹子。車庫變成了車庫。批次變成批次,法官變成法官。

  • Just like in case 2, if we link into a  Z it sounds like a Z. The judges zoned  

    就像案例2一樣,如果我們連成一個Z,聽起來就像一個Z。 法官們劃定了區域

  • out during the boring presentation. Judges  zoned, Here we hear the Z, zz. Judges zoned.  

    在枯燥的演講過程中,有一個人出來了。法官分區,這裡我們聽到的是Z,ZZ。法官們劃定了區域。

  • Judges zoned. If these words link into a word that  begins with an S, we hear an S. Judges saw. Judges  

    法官分區。如果這些詞連接到一個以S開頭的詞,我們就會聽到S,Judges saw。法官

  • saw The judges saw everything. There they are. Your three cases for pronouncing  

    看到評審們看到了一切。 他們在那裡。你的三個案件的宣判

  • plural nouns. Case 1, the noun ends in one  of these sounds, the plural is pronounced as an S.

    複數名詞。情況1,名詞以其中一個音結尾,複數讀作S。

  • Case 2, the noun ends in one of these  sounds, the plural is pronounced as a S which  

    情況2,名詞以其中一個音結尾,複數讀作S,而S則讀作

  • is really more like a weak Z. Case  three, the noun ends in one of these  

    情況三,名詞以下列其中一個結尾

  • sounds and we add 'iz' at the end of the wordanother syllable, again with the weak ending Z  

    發音,我們在詞尾加上'iz',又是一個音節,同樣是弱尾音Z

  • sounding like a weak S. Practicing  the pronunciation of plural nouns,  

    練習複數名詞的發音,聽起來像一個弱的S。

  • what could be more fun? Nothing, I think.   

    還有什麼能比這更有趣的呢?沒有什麼,我想。

  • Thank you so much for joining me here and please

    非常感謝你加入我的行列,請你

  • do like the video and subscribe with  notifications. We discuss interesting  

    喜歡這個視頻並訂閱通知。我們討論有趣的

  • things about English, mostly about American  English pronunciation here on this channel  

    關於英語的事情,主要是關於美式英語的發音,在這個頻道上。

  • every week and I'd love to see you back. That's it  and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.

    每週,我很希望看到你回來。就這樣了,非常感謝你使用瑞秋的英語。

Plural nouns in English. Now we do actually  have rules for these. But there's a trick,  

英語中的複數名詞。現在,我們確實有關於這些的規則。但有一個技巧。

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