so we can go visit them - for dinner, or interstellar diplomacy, or whatever. Of course we'll

所以我們可以去拜訪他們--吃晚飯，或進行星際外交，或其他。當然，我們會

need to be able to talk with them about what to make each side of the portal out of, how

需要能夠與他們討論用什麼來製作門戶的每一面，如何

big to make the various pieces, and so on. But since we've never been to Alpha Centauri,

大來製作各種作品，等等。但由於我們從未去過半人馬座阿爾法星。

and they've never been here, this is tricky – I mean, if you tell me to make you an

他們從來沒有來過這裡，這很棘手--我是說，如果你讓我給你做一個

arc that's 300 cubits long, and I don't know what a cubit is, you'll probably get

弧長300立方，我不知道立方是什麼，你可能會得到

an arc that's not exactly what you were hoping for .

一個不完全是你所希望的弧線。

So we'll have to build, from the ground up, an easily sharable way of communicating

是以，我們必須從頭開始，建立一個容易分享的溝通方式。

about the universe, where distances and such are based on ideas, rather than specific artifacts

關於宇宙，其中的距離等是基於想法，而不是具體的人工製品

. We'd probably start with basic materials, you know, like how instead of sending a vial

.我們可能會從基本的材料開始，你知道的，比如如何代替發送一個小瓶

with a chunk of lithium in it across interstellar space, we can just say “use the atom that

我們可以說："使用含有大塊鋰的原子，穿越星際空間。

has 3 protons, 3 neutrons, and 3 electrons.” Water would be “the molecule that's a

有3個質子、3箇中子和3個電子"。水將是 "有3個質子、3箇中子和3個電子的分子。

combination of one atom with 8 protons and two atoms with 1 proton.” And so on.

一個有8個質子的原子和兩個有1個質子的原子的組合"。以此類推。

Once we have materials down, we can do clocks – we just tell the aliens that if they take

一旦我們有了材料，我們就可以做時鐘--我們只是告訴外星人，如果他們把

the atom with 55 protons and 78 neutrons , make it emit a photon of light in a certain way

有55個質子和78箇中子的原子，使其以某種方式發出光子。

, and wait for that photon to oscillate 9,192,631,770 times: that's what we call one second.

，並等待該光子振盪9,192,631,770次：這就是我們所說的一秒鐘。

Once we have clocks, we can do distances: just tell the aliens to see how far light

一旦我們有了時鐘，我們就可以進行測距：只要告訴外星人，看看光有多遠

goes in one 299,792,458th of a second – that's what we call a meter.

在一秒鐘的299,792,458分之一的時間裡，這就是我們所說的一米。

But this is when we would run into a massive roadblock – literally. Pretty much the

但這時我們會遇到一個巨大的路障--從字面上看。幾乎所有的

rest of our communication about the universe requires knowing what mass is, and what we

我們關於宇宙的其他交流需要知道什麼是品質，以及我們的

currently call a kilogram isn't an idea we can just tell distant aliens, the way we

目前稱為公斤的概念並不是我們可以隨便告訴遙遠的外星人的，就像我們的方式一樣。

can say “the atom with 3 protons”. A kilogram is just a particular lump of metal sitting

可以說 "有3個質子的原子"。一公斤只是一個特定的金屬塊。

in a particular room in a particular place on our planet , and if you want to know how

在我們星球上的一個特定地方的一個特定房間裡，如果你想知道如何

many kilograms of say, antimatter, you have, you have to take it there and weigh them against

你有多少公斤的反物質，你必須把它帶到那裡，並對它們進行稱重。

each other . In the very near future, we're going to

彼此之間.在不久的將來，我們將

settle on a more sensible way of talking about mass, so instead of saying “in order to

在談論品質的時候，我們要找到一種更合理的方式，所以不要說 "為了

build this teleporter you have to come to the part of earth with good cheese so we can

建造這個傳送器，你必須來到地球上有好奶酪的地方，這樣我們才能

show you our shiny lump of metal,” , we'll either be telling the aliens to just get a

給你看我們閃亮的金屬塊，"，我們要麼告訴外星人，讓他們直接去找一個

pile of something like 21.5253873 septillion of the atom that has 14 protons and 14 neutrons,

有14個質子和14箇中子的原子，有21.5253873個七十億個這樣的堆積物。

or we'll tell them to weigh how much mass an atom or molecule loses after emitting a

或者我們會告訴他們稱出一個原子或分子在發射出能量後會失去多少品質。

photon of light that oscillates roughly 135.6392534 septillion septillion times each second. One

光的光子，每秒鐘大約振盪135.6392534個七億個七億次。一個

of these two concepts will be our new kilogram, and even though the pile of atoms option sounds

這兩個概念中的一個將是我們的新公斤，儘管原子堆的選項聽起來很像

simpler in principle, it's actually kind of harder and more expensive to do in practice.

原則上比較簡單，但實際上做起來有點難，而且成本比較高。

Whichever way it is, once we have our new way of communicating about mass as an idea

不管是哪種方式，一旦我們有了關於品質作為一種理念的新的交流方式

instead of an object, we'll be able to build our wormhole teleporter with the alpha centaurians

而不是一個物體，我們就可以和半人馬座的人一起建造我們的蟲洞傳送器。

. And then we can bring them here to earth, have dinner, and afterwards, show them the

.然後我們可以把他們帶到地球上，吃晚飯，之後讓他們看看。

chunk of metal that used to be THE THING that we used to talk about the mass of all other

塊金屬，曾經是我們用來談論所有其他金屬的品質的東西。

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事。在我告訴你這個視頻的贊助商之前。

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Skillshare，我想給你講一個故事。我最近剛滿30歲，但早在我還在

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高中時，我超級喜歡電腦視覺效果和科幻電影 - 然而，有

were very few easy ways to learn how to do visual effects yourself. I mean, consumer

很少有簡單的方法來學習如何自己做視覺效果。我的意思是，消費者

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當時對數碼攝影機的使用還很新鮮，個人電腦也剛開始使用。

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足夠用於合法的視頻編輯，而YouTube甚至還不存在。我不得不

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戒指之王》和《星球大戰》的模仿。今天，在30歲的時候，情況是夜以繼日的。

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日子--你可以在電話上拍攝和編輯高清晰度的鏡頭，哭笑不得!

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Skillshare為前200人提供為期一年的高級會員資格的30%折扣。

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誰去skl.sh/minutephysics30--再次，就是skl.sh/minutephysics30，可以享受30%的折扣。

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- 即使你沒有剛滿30歲，它也是有效的!