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Hello.
你好。
This is 6 Minute English
這就是6分鐘英語
from BBC Learning English.
來自BBC學習英語。
I'm Sam.
我是山姆。
And I'm Rob.
而我是羅伯。
Now, on Friday
現在,在星期五
the 29th of June 1975,
1975年6月29日。
movie posters appeared in
電影海報出現在
cinemas all over the
遍佈全國的電影院
USA with the now
美國與現在
notorious words: 'You'll
臭名昭著的話。'你會
never go in the water
絕不下水
again'.
再次'。
So, do you know
那麼,你是否知道
which movie was being
哪部電影被
promoted, Sam?
晉升了,山姆?
Yes, I think it was
是的,我想這是
'Jaws' - Steven Spielberg's
大白鯊》--史蒂芬-斯皮爾伯格的
infamous horror movie
臭名昭著的恐怖電影
which terrified a
這使人害怕的是
generation with its
輩,以其
story of a man-eating
吃人的故事
great white shark with
大白鯊與
a taste for revenge
復仇的滋味
and for human flesh.
併為人的肉體。
Jaws multiplied people's
大白鯊將人們的
fascination with, and
的迷戀,以及
fear of, sharks.
害怕,鯊魚。
But sharks' fearsome
但鯊魚的可怕的
reputation is not based
名譽不是基於
on facts: most attacks
關於事實:大多數攻擊
on humans are cases
對人類的影響是案例
of mistaken identity,
錯誤的身份。
where the shark mistakes
鯊魚的錯誤所在
a swimmer for fish.
魚的游泳者。
In recent years the
近幾年來
average annual number
年均數
of worldwide deaths
佔全世界死亡人數的
from shark bites was
被鯊魚咬傷的人是
as low as four.
低至四個。
Today sharks should
今天,鯊魚應該
be the apex predators
頂天立地
of the ocean - the top
的海洋--頂部
predator that hunts
獵物
and eats other animals
並吃其他動物
but has no natural
但沒有自然
predator of its own.
它自己的捕食者。
Instead, over 100 million
相反,超過1億人
sharks are caught and
鯊魚被捕獲和
killed each year and,
每年的死亡人數和。
thanks to this overfishing,
由於這種過度捕撈。
many shark species are
許多鯊魚物種是
now endangered.
現在瀕臨滅絕。
We'll
我們會
hear more soon, but
很快會有更多消息,但
first I have a question
首先我有一個問題
for you, Rob.
為你,羅布。
Approximately, how many
大約有多少
different species of
不同種類的
shark exist today?
鯊魚今天存在嗎?
Is it: a) 330?
它是:a)330?
b) 530?
b) 530?
or
或
c) 730?
c) 730?
Well, I'll take a
好吧,我將採取一個
guess at b) 530.
猜測b)530。
OK, I'll reveal the
好的,我將揭開
correct answer later
後面的正確答案
in the programme.
在該方案中。
Now, as Sam mentioned,
現在,正如山姆提到的。
'Jaws' made many people
大白鯊》讓很多人
nervous about swimming
緊張的游泳
in the sea, largely
在海里,主要是
thanks to scenes in the
由於在
movie showing the shark
鯊魚的電影
biting swimmers in a
咬人的游泳者在一個
frenzy of teeth
牙齒的狂熱
and blood.
和血。
George Burgess has spent
喬治-伯吉斯已經花了
40 years studying the
40年的研究
cause of shark attacks
鯊魚襲擊的原因
in his job as director
在他作為主任的工作中
of the Florida Programme
佛羅里達州方案的
for Shark Research.
用於鯊魚研究。
According to him, the
根據他的說法,
movie's depiction of
電影中的描述
great whites is totally
大白鯊是完全
unrealistic, as he told
不現實的,因為他告訴
BBC World Service
英國廣播公司世界頻道
programme, The Inquiry.
節目,《調查》。
Will a single shark that's
一頭鯊魚會不會
involved in a bite on a
咬人事件中的
human be more likely to
人類更有可能
bite another human in
咬傷另一個人
the future?
未來?
In other
在其他
words, is there
詞,是否有
something of the 'Jaws'
大白鯊 "的東西
image as we saw,
正如我們看到的那樣,影像。
unfortunately, in the
不幸的是,在
movies of which you
的電影,其中你
had a white shark that,
有一條白鯊,。
apparently, had a
顯然,有一個
grudge and would
怨恨,並會
try to go after
追趕
humans...
人類...
well,
好的。
nothing could be
沒有什麼可以
further from the truth
離真相更遠
than that.
比這更重要。
In the movie, sharks
在電影中,鯊魚
are portrayed as vengeful
被描繪成復仇者的形象
creatures who recognise
認識到的生物
and try to kill
並試圖殺死
individual people.
個人的人。
The shark in 'Jaws' had
大白鯊》中的鯊魚有
a grudge - a feeling
怨恨--一種感覺
of anger or hatred
憤怒或憎恨
towards someone because
對某人,因為
of what they did
他們所做的一切
in the past.
在過去。
According to marine
根據海洋
biologist, George Burgess,
生物學家George Burgess。
this is nothing like
這一點也不像
the real behaviour of
的真實行為
sharks in the wild.
鯊魚在野外。
He
他
says nothing could be
說沒有什麼可以
further from the
更加遠離
truth - an expression
真理--一種表達方式
used to emphasise that
用來強調的是
something is not
有些東西是不
true at all.
完全是真的。
The actual truth is that
實際情況是,
sharks have been
鯊魚已被
perfectly designed by
完美設計的
evolution for their
變化為他們的
ocean environment.
海洋環境。
In fact, they have
事實上,他們有
hardly changed over
變化不大
the last 400 million
過去的4億人
years, making them
年,使他們
even older than
甚至早於
the dinosaurs.
恐龍。
Sharks' characteristic
鯊魚的特徵
design - their fin,
設計--他們的鰭。
teeth and skin - allows
牙齒和皮膚 - 允許
them to thrive in their
他們在自己的生活中茁壯成長
natural environment.
自然環境。
Listen to Oliver Crimmin,
聽聽奧利弗-克里米恩的話。
senior curator at London's
倫敦的高級策展人
Natural History Museum,
自然歷史博物館。
explaining more to BBC
向BBC解釋更多
World Service programme,
世界服務方案。
The Inquiry.
調查。
If we look at the really
如果我們看一下真的
successful features of
成功的特點
sharks you've got to
鯊魚,你必須
consider this
考慮到這一點
cartilaginous skeleton -
軟骨質結構------。
that's no bone in the
那是沒有骨頭的
skeleton.
骨架。
That flexible
這種靈活的
material that the
材料,該
skeleton is made of
骨架是由
enables sharks to be
使得鯊魚能夠
very agile, and it
非常靈活,而且它
enables them to be
使他們能夠
athletic and
運動員和
it's lightweight.
它很輕。
Sharks' skeletons are
鯊魚的骨架是
made of cartilage, not bone.
由軟骨製成,而不是骨頭。
Cartilage is a strong
軟骨是一種強大的
flexible tissue which
靈活的組織,它
connects joints in the
連接關節處的
bodies of living creatures.
生物的身體。
Feel for the bony material
摸索骨質材料
in the fold of your
在你的折中
ear - that's cartilage.
耳朵 - 那是軟骨。
Not having bones allows
沒有骨頭就可以
sharks to be both
鯊魚,既是
flexible - able to bend
靈活 - 可以彎曲
without breaking, and
不破不立,而且
agile - able to move
敏捷--能動性強
their body quickly and
他們的身體迅速和
easily.
很容易。
Boneless, bendy,
無骨,易彎曲。
and built for speed,
併為速度而建。
sharks really are the
鯊魚真的是
perfect evolutionary design.
完美的進化設計。
Yet overfishing and
然而,過度捕撈和
the cruel practice of
的殘酷做法
finning, cutting off
割鰭,切斷
shark fins to make
製作魚翅
exotic soups and
異國情調的湯和
returning the wounded
傷員返回
creature to the sea
海上生物
to die, are threatening
死,都在威脅著
shark numbers.
鯊魚的數量。
Which is why it's tragic
這就是為什麼它是悲劇性的
that so many of their
他們中如此多的人
species are facing
物種正面臨
extinction.
滅絕。
And
而且
speaking of shark
說到鯊魚
species, what was
種,什麼是
the answer to your
的答案。
question, Sam?
問題,山姆?
In my quiz question,
在我的問答題中。
I asked how many species
我問有多少種
of shark there are
的鯊魚有
in existence.
存在的。
Yeah, and I guessed
是的,而且我猜測
it was around 530
大約是530
different species.
不同的物種。
Which was the correct
哪個是正確的
answer, Rob!
回答我,羅伯!
And the
而
variety of shark
各種鯊魚
species is incredible,
物種是不可思議的。
from giants like the
來自巨頭如
great white to the
大白到
tiny dwarf lantern shark.
小矮燈籠鯊。
Ok, let's recap the
好吧,讓我們回顧一下
vocabulary from this
從這個詞彙
programme all about
節目的全部內容
sharks, the ocean's apex
鯊魚,海洋的頂點
predator - that's the
掠奪者 - 這就是
top predator that hunts
獵殺的頂級天敵
other animals but has
其他動物,但有
no predators
沒有捕食者
of its own.
屬於自己的。
If you hold a grudge,
如果你懷恨在心。
you have feelings of
你有這樣的感覺
anger towards
怒視
someone because of
某個人因為
something they did
他們所做的事情
in the past.
在過去。
The phrase, nothing
這句話,沒有什麼
could be further from
可以進一步從
the truth, is used
真相,是用
to emphasise that
以強調
something is totally false.
有些東西是完全錯誤的。
Cartilage is the
軟骨是
strong flexible tissue
強大的柔性組織
connecting bones or
連接的骨骼或
joints in the body.
體內的關節。
Flexible means able
靈活意味著能夠
to bend without breaking.
彎曲而不折斷。
And finally, if you're
最後,如果你是
agile, you can move
敏捷,你可以移動
your body quickly
你的身體迅速
and easily.
而且很容易。
Once again, our
再一次,我們的
six minutes are over.
六分鐘結束了。
Bye for now!
暫時再見
Goodbye!
再見!