because a shark might smell you."

因為鯊魚可能會聞到你。"

I wanna do, like, [sings "Jaws" theme].

我想做的是，比如，[唱《大白鯊》主題曲]。

[laughing]

[笑聲]

"PMS is made up."

"PMS是編出來的。"

Hm.

嗯。

Myth!

神話!

"Tampons can 'get lost' in the vagina."

"衛生棉條可以在陰道內'迷失'。"

That is a complete and utter myth.

這是一個完整的、徹底的神話。

The vagina's not that big.

陰道沒有那麼大。

It can do lots of magical things,

它可以做很多神奇的事情。

but it's not that big.

但它沒有那麼大。

I'm Dr. Wendy Goodall McDonald.

我是溫迪-古德爾-麥克唐納博士。

I'm a board-certified obstetrician-gynecologist,

我是一名經委員會認證的婦產科醫生。

and I specialize in caring for humans with vaginas.

我專門負責照顧有陰道的人類。

I am Dr. Kiarra King.

我是基亞拉-金博士。

I'm a board-certified obstetrician

我是一名經委員會認證的產科醫生

and gynecologist in the Chicagoland area,

和婦科醫生，在芝加哥地區。

and I see women throughout

我看到婦女在整個

all of their reproductive stages,

他們所有的生殖階段。

from adolescence through menopause.

從青春期到絕經期。

And today we will be debunking myths about periods.

而今天我們將揭穿關於月經的神話。

King: Myths from social media.

國王。來自社交媒體的迷思。

"Periods should always last a week."

"月經應該總是持續一個星期"。

A normal period can last anywhere between

一個正常的月經可以持續在以下任何地方

two and seven days,

兩天和七天。

so if someone has a five-day period, that's OK.

是以，如果有人有五天的時間，那就可以了。

If someone has a two-day period, that's OK.

如果有人有兩天的時間，那是可以的。

If someone has a six-day period, that's OK.

如果有人有六天的時間，那是可以的。

It's all within the realm of normal.

這一切都在正常範圍內。

If we're getting past that seven-day mark,

如果我們過了那七天的期限。

if you're going into eight, nine, 10 days,

如果你要進入八、九、十天。

two weeks of full bleeding,

兩週的充分出血。

that can be abnormal.

這可能是不正常的。

Goodall McDonald: "Tampons can 'get lost' in the vagina.

古德爾-麥克唐納："衛生棉條可以在陰道里'迷路'。

That is a complete and utter myth.

這是一個完整的、徹底的神話。

The top of the vagina is literally almost like --

陰道的頂部從字面上看幾乎就像------。

we call it an apex, but there's, like,

我們稱它為頂點，但有，如。

a dome-shaped space, almost,

一個圓頂狀的空間，幾乎。

where the cervix kind of hangs down into that space,

子宮頸懸垂在那個空間裡。

but that's it.

但僅此而已。

It can't penetrate that tissue.

它不能穿透那個組織。

It can't get lost inside of your abdomen.

它不能在你的腹部內丟失。

Occasionally, a person will come in

偶爾，會有一個人進來

saying that their tampon is lost,

說他們的衛生棉條丟了。

and they don't see it, and I don't see it.

而他們沒有看到，我也沒有看到。

Well, you probably took it out,

嗯，你可能把它拿出來了。

or it fell out.

否則就會掉出來。

Or it will be there, kind of tucked up

或者，它將在那裡，有點蜷縮起來

in a ball behind the cervix,

在子宮頸後面成團。

but it can't get lost inside the vagina.

但它不能在陰道內丟失。

The vagina's not that big.

陰道沒有那麼大。

"PMS is made up."

"PMS是編出來的。"

Hm.

嗯。

Myth! [laughs]

神話![笑聲]

Who is saying this?

誰在說這個？

It is not a person with a vagina saying this.

這不是一個有陰道的人說的。

It can't be.

這不可能。

PMS is very real.

PMS是非常真實的。

It stands for premenstrual syndrome.

它代表著月經前綜合症。

It encompasses both physical and emotional symptoms

它包含了身體和情緒的症狀

related to the period.

與本期有關。

Often the symptoms will arise

往往會出現這樣的症狀

anywhere from 10 to 12 days prior to the period.

在月經前10至12天的任何地方。

Depressive symptoms, anxiety,

抑鬱症狀，焦慮。

stress, just feeling not yourself,

壓力，只是感覺不是自己。

or cramping, headaches, body aches.

或抽筋、頭痛、身體痠痛。

Very real.

非常真實。

And some women even have something called PMDD,

而有些婦女甚至有一種叫做PMDD的東西。

which almost takes some of those mood changes

這幾乎把那些情緒變化的一些

to kind of the next level.

到一種新的水準。

Goodall McDonald: Regular exercise has been shown

古德爾-麥克唐納。定期運動已被證明

to improve PMS symptoms.

以改善PMS症狀。

Birth control sometimes can help.

生育控制有時可以幫助。

Sometimes it can make it worse.

有時它可能會使情況更糟。

Sometimes people can take supplements

有時人們可以服用補充劑

or increase their plant-based component of their diet,

或增加他們飲食中的植物性成分。

decrease their simple sugars.

減少他們的單糖。

It's so important to acknowledge

認識到這一點非常重要

that these symptoms are real

這些症狀是真實的

so that people don't then feel

這樣，人們就不會覺得

like there's something wrong with them

好像他們有什麼不對

for having symptoms that are physiologically

因為有生理上的症狀

occurring in their body.

在他們體內發生的。

"Severe period pain is normal."

"嚴重的經期疼痛是正常的。"

King: Up to about 80% to 90% of women

王。高達約80%至90%的女性

will experience some period pain,

會經歷一些經期疼痛。

but the thing that I look at most

但我最看重的是

in terms of quantifying pain

在量化疼痛方面

is how it's impacting someone's life.

是它如何影響某人的生活。

Is it causing them to miss school?

這是否導致他們錯過了學校？

Are they incapacitated and in bed all day?

他們是否喪失了能力，整天躺在床上？

Are they not able to be present in their lives?

他們是否不能在他們的生活中出現？

That is not normal, to be in such pain

這是不正常的，處於這樣的痛苦之中

that you can no longer function.

以至於你無法再發揮作用。

Severe period pain

嚴重的經期疼痛

can sometimes be relatively genetic.

有時可能是相對遺傳的。

But it can also be due to endometriosis.

但它也可能是由於子宮內膜異位症。

Fibroids can cause severe pain.

子宮肌瘤會引起嚴重的疼痛。

You'd be surprised how much menstrual discomfort

你會驚訝於月經的不適感有多大

is also related to constipation or diarrhea.

也與便祕或腹瀉有關。

IBS symptoms can kind of coincide with menstrual symptoms,

IBS的症狀可能與月經症狀有點重合。

but I would definitely want a person

但我肯定會想要一個人

who is having severe pain

有嚴重疼痛的人

to see if there's a possibility

看看是否有可能

for an ultrasound or other evaluation

進行超聲檢查或其他評估

to try to manage that pain better.

以試圖更好地控制這種疼痛。

Our lives are so much more than our cycles,

我們的生活比我們的週期要多得多。

and we should be able to do our regular activities

而且我們應該能夠進行正常的活動

even when it's happening.

甚至當它正在發生時。

"Menstrual cups are one-size-fits-all."

"月經杯是一刀切的"。

Menstrual cups are one-size-fits-most.

月經杯的尺寸是最適合的。

King: A person that's looking to use a menstrual cup

國王。一個希望使用月經杯的人

may want to try one or two sizes

可能想嘗試一到兩個尺寸

to see what fit is going to be best for them.

來看看什麼是最適合他們的。

You may have to go within one or two different brands

你可能必須在一兩個不同的品牌內進行。

to find a cup size that is right for your cervix

找到適合你宮頸的罩杯尺寸

and for your vagina.

併為你的陰道。

Goodall McDonald: There usually are at least

古德爾-麥克唐納：通常至少有

two to three sizes within any particular company.

在任何特定的公司內有兩到三種規模。

If you were to give just

如果你只給

the gentlest of tugs on that stem,

輕輕地拽著那根莖。

if the menstrual cup moved out of place,

如果月經杯移出了位置。

it's probably too big.

它可能太大。

If you feel that there's a little bit

如果你覺得有一點

of resistance and a little bit of give

抵抗力和一點點的給予

and it doesn't seem to be moving,

而它似乎沒有動靜。

then it's probably a good fit for you.

那麼它可能很適合你。

Goodall McDonald: Myths experts hear the most.

古德爾-麥克唐納：專家們聽到最多的神話。

"You can't get pregnant

"你不能懷孕

while you're on your period."

當你在經期時。"

Partial myth.

部分的神話。

And the reason why I'm gonna call it a partial myth

而我要把它稱為部分神話的原因是

is because, technically,

是因為，從技術上講。

within a person's menstrual cycle, you ovulate.

在一個人的月經週期內，你會排卵。

If you don't get pregnant 14 days, give or take,

如果你沒有懷孕，14天，或多或少。

after ovulation, your period comes.

排卵後，你的月經來了。

The lining sheds,

襯裡脫落了。

the hotel room is turned over

酒店房間被翻出

and is ready to receive a pregnancy next month.

並準備在下個月接受懷孕。

So, when that period comes

是以，當這個時期到來時

and when that lining is shedding,

以及該襯裡何時脫落。

you should not be ovulating,

你不應該有排卵。

meaning releasing an egg that could be fertilized.

意味著釋放出一個可以受精的卵子。

However, every person's bleeding

然而，每個人的出血量

is not necessarily a period.

不一定是一個句號。

I think a period-tracking app can be very helpful.

我認為月經追蹤的應用程序可以很有幫助。

So if you know really what your menstrual cycle

是以，如果你真的知道你的月經週期是什麼？

looks like and the timing of it,

看起來像和它的時機。

that can help determine if any other bleeding times

這可以幫助確定是否有其他出血時間

are period bleeding or not.

是否經期出血。

I have no reason to tell a person

我沒有理由告訴一個人

to not have sex on their period.

在月經期間不發生性行為。

Again, other than making sure

同樣，除了確保

if they're unprotected

如果他們沒有受到保護

that it is their period

這就是他們的時期

and that they're not gonna be

而且他們不會是

surprising themselves in nine months.

在九個月內讓自己感到驚訝。

Take-home message:

收穫的資訊。

Irregular bleeding and irregular periods

不規則出血和月經不調

is not birth control.

並非節育。

"Having a regular period

"有規律的月經

is necessary for your health."

對你的健康是必要的。"

I'm gonna take your line, Dr. Wendy.

我要接受你的意見，溫迪醫生。

I'm gonna go with partial myth.

我將會選擇部分神話。

When young girls start getting their periods,

當年輕女孩開始來月經的時候。

it's like a vital sign that the brain

這就像一個重要的信號，大腦

is sending the proper signal to the ovaries

正在向卵巢發送適當的信號

and the ovaries are signaling the uterus

而卵巢則向子宮發出信號

to do what it needs to do.

來做它需要做的事情。

So, in that respect,

所以，從這個角度來說。

it is normal to have a period every month.

每個月有月經是正常的。

And there are a few times

而且有幾次

where it's not essential.

在不需要的地方。

For example, if someone is on

例如，如果有人在

a form of hormonal birth control.

一種荷爾蒙節育的形式。

With a birth-control pill,

用避孕藥。

you're technically having a withdrawal bleed

從技術上講，你是在戒斷出血。

and not actually a period that is regulated

而實際上不是一個被管制的時期

by the brain and the ovaries and the uterus.

由大腦、卵巢和子宮組成。

With something like an IUD,

用類似宮內節育器的東西。

the lining of the uterus becomes so thin

子宮內膜變得非常薄

that there's really not much to shed.

這真的沒有什麼可捨棄的。

TMI, because I'm a gynecologist:

TMI，因為我是一名婦科醫生。

I have not had a period in five years.

我已經五年沒有來過月經了。

That's five. But I have an IUD

那是五個。但我有一個宮內避孕器

that is progestin-containing

含有孕激素的

that is keeping my uterus nice and thin,

這使我的子宮保持得很好很薄。

the lining nice and thin,

襯裡很好，很薄。

so I haven't needed this thing.

所以我還不需要這個東西。

I bought it.

我買了它。

I haven't even used it!

我甚至還沒有用過它呢!

Whether or not you have a period

無論你是否有月經

has to do more with who you are,

與你是誰有更多關係。

as in what stage in your life you're in,

就像你處於人生的哪個階段。

whether or not you're on hormonal birth control,

無論你是否在使用荷爾蒙避孕措施。

and a conversation with your healthcare provider.

並與你的醫療保健提供者進行交談。

Because either option,

因為無論是哪種選擇。

whether you have periods or don't,

無論你是否有月經。

can be healthy and normal,

可以是健康和正常的。

but it can also be potentially

但它也可能是潛在的

very harmful to your health.

對你的健康非常有害。

"You shouldn't swim in the ocean

"你不應該在海里游泳

because a shark might smell you."

因為鯊魚可能會聞到你。"

I wanna do, like, [sings "Jaws" theme].

我想做的是，比如，[唱《大白鯊》主題曲]。

[laughing]

[笑聲]

More than likely, a person that is menstruating

更有可能的是，一個正在來月經的人

will have in a tampon or menstrual cup

棉條或月經杯中會有什麼？

if they're going swimming,

如果他們要去游泳。

even further decreasing the amount of blood

甚至進一步減少血液的數量

that could potentially be detected.

有可能被檢測到的。

So that's one thing.

所以這是一件事。

Two, sharks kind of hunt for their prey,

二，鯊魚是一種獵取獵物的行為。

and humans aren't typically shark prey.

而人類通常不是鯊魚的獵物。

And so when they are looking for their next meal,

是以，當他們在尋找下一頓飯的時候。

they are looking for very specific, like,

他們正在尋找非常具體的，如。

amino acids that they will be able to detect.

他們將能夠檢測到的氨基酸。

So it's probably safe to go out in the water

所以下水可能是安全的。

if you're on your period.

如果你在月經期間。

But, I mean,

但是，我的意思是。

are people just swimming with sharks these days,

這些天人們都在和鯊魚游泳。

just randomly? I don't know.

只是隨機的？我不知道。

I mean, if there's, like, shark signs,

我的意思是，如果有，比如，鯊魚的跡象。

"Beware of shark,"

"小心鯊魚"。

I'm probably just not gonna go out in the water anyway.

反正我可能就是不打算下水了。

"Having a regular period

"有規律的月經

means you're fertile."

意味著你有生育能力。"

So, first of all, a period cycle,

是以，首先是一個月經週期。

it's normal for it to be anywhere

在任何地方都是正常的

from 21 days to 35 days,

從21天到35天。

day one to day one.

第一天到另一天。

If they're shorter than that or longer than that,

如果他們比這個短或比這個長。

then that's not necessarily

那麼這就不一定

considered a regular period,

被認為是一個正常的時期。

and it can bring into question

而且它可以使人質疑

whether or not a person is ovulating,

一個人是否在排卵期。

meaning releasing an egg every month.

意味著每個月釋放一個卵子。

And you need to ovulate and release an egg

而你需要排卵並釋放出一個卵子

in order to be "fertile."

以便 "肥沃"。

But there are other factors that are involved

但也有其他因素的影響

when it comes to fertility.

當涉及到生育問題時。

It's the uterus

是子宮

and whether or not there are structures,

以及是否有結構。

polyps, fibroids in there that can impair fertility.

那裡有息肉、纖維瘤，會影響生育能力。

What are those tubes doing?

這些管子在做什麼？

What's that cervix up to?

那個子宮頸在幹什麼？

You know, is it healthy?

你知道，它是健康的嗎？

When's the last time you had a Pap?

你上次做巴氏檢查是什麼時候？

A regular period that falls

一個定期的時期，屬於

in that kind of category that I mentioned

在我提到的那種類別中

is suggestive that a person is fertile,

暗示一個人有生育能力。

but it's just not the end of the story.

但這並不是故事的結局。

King: "A person who is menstruating

國王："有月經的人

can spoil food by preparing it."

可以通過準備食物使其變質。"

You wanna eat or not?

你到底想不想吃？

You know what I'm saying? Like ... no.

你知道我在說什麼嗎？就像......不。

That is a complete myth.

這完全是一個神話。

Your menstrual flow has nothing to do with

你的月經流向與以下情況沒有關係

whether or not you're gonna spoil milk or eggs.