Placeholder Image

Subtitles section Play video

  • We think of 1940s America as a simpler timebut even then there were grisly murders,  

  • disappearances, and mob hits, some  of which have become legendary in  

  • the annals of crime. And a number  of them remain unsolved to this day.

  • Murder, Inc., gangster Benjamin "Bugsy'' Siegel  made his fortune from bootlegging, prostitution,  

  • and murder-for-hire. In a more bizarre schemehe tried to sell an explosive known as atomite  

  • to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's  military. But for all his notoriety,  

  • no one knows for sure who gunned him down  in Beverly Hills, California, in 1947.

  • Siegel was in California on business and to visit  his daughters, who lived with his former wife  

  • Esta. After dinner with a handful of friends and  business partners, Siegel returned to the house of  

  • his mistress Virginia Hill, who'd left for Paris  after a lover's quarrel. There, a gunman shot him  

  • twice in the face and twice in the chest. Police  struggled to narrow down the suspect list: Siegel  

  • had a long list of enemies. He had construction  debts related to his Vegas casino, and East Coast  

  • mobsters like Salvatore "Lucky" Luciano hated himas did Virginia Hill's family for mistreating her.

  • "The cost overruns for the Flamingo were due  mostly to excessive skimming by Bugsy Siegel."

  • But the lead suspect was Murder, Inc., honcho  Meyer Lansky. In 1947, an FBI informant claimed  

  • Lansky had identified the killer as Virginia's  brother Chick. But in 2014, Robbie Sedway, son  

  • of Siegel's bookkeeper Moe Sedway and his wifeBee, told LA Magazine his mother's lover, Mathew  

  • Pandza, killed Siegel before Siegel could kill  Moe. Moe had reportedly ratted to Lansky about  

  • Siegel's financial issues. So it seems Lansky  was happy to see Siegel goone way or another.

  • In 1947, fashion designer Vera West, who worked  on now-classic Universal films such as The Bride  

  • of Frankenstein and The Killers, was found  dead in her pool by photographer Robert  

  • Landry. Police found two notes addressed  to "Jack Chandler." The first one read,

  • "This is the only way. I am  tired of being blackmailed."

  • And the second one said,

  • "The fortune teller told me there was only one way  

  • to duck the blackmail I've  paid for 23 yearsdeath."

  • A medical examiner determined  that she probably drowned,  

  • but the Los Angeles County coroner  refused to sign the death report.

  • The "blackmail" was likely a reference  to whatever scandal triggered West's  

  • move from New York to California in 1924. The  likeliest suspect was her husband, Jack C. West,  

  • who gave conflicting accounts about his  whereabouts on the night of her death. He  

  • also claimed there was no blackmail, but said  her behavior had been erratic. Vera's friends,  

  • however, suspected her death wasmurder made to look like a suicide.

  • The investigation was full of holes  and unanswered questions. Police never  

  • established whether Jack Chandler and Jack  West were the same person. Nor did they ever  

  • identify the blackmailer or the fortune tellerSuicide didn't explain how the hydrophobic Vera  

  • ended up in the poolshe was afraid to even  go near it alone. And then the big question:  

  • Why did Jack West demolish their  house and disappear without a  

  • trace? The case is considered coldbut the mystery remains intriguing.

  • The body of Elizabeth Short, dubbed the "Black  Dahlia," was found in Los Angeles in 1947 by  

  • a mother walking with her child on the streetShort had been brutally murdered. She had suffered  

  • blunt-force head trauma, had both sides of her  mouth slit, and been severed in half at the waist.

  • "The only evidence was the bodyThe killer had scrubbed it clean."

  • The troubled Short had left Massachusetts  for California as a minor, where she was  

  • arrested for underage drinking in 1943.  By 1947, she was a regular at Hollywood  

  • nightclubs and other fancy jointsAccording to local resident Vera French,  

  • who took Short in at one point, she amassed  a laundry list of suitors and boyfriends.

  • French said one of Elizabeth's exes had  threatened to kill her for moving on to other  

  • men. Los Angeles Police Department officer Myrtle  McBride gave an account that agreed with French's,  

  • adding that a girl resembling Short had approached  her on the street for help with a violent ex,  

  • although McBride was not able to identify  her with certainty. The case is still cold,  

  • complicated by bizarre false confessionsHowever, observers noted that whoever cut  

  • up her body very likely had medical trainingIn 2016, retired Los Angeles police detective  

  • Steve Hodel told The Guardian that his  father, Dr. George Hodel, had done it,  

  • although it's impossible to say for suresince much of the original evidence is gone.

  • In 1943, Italian socialist and journalist Carlo  Tresca, a fierce critic of Mussolini, was gunned  

  • down in New York City. At the time of his deathpeople suspected everyone from Mussolini and  

  • Italian fascists, who had a warrant out for himto American communists. He had that many enemies.  

  • But in mid-20th-century New York, where there was  murder, there was often the Cosa Nostra. In fact,  

  • future Bonanno Family boss Carmine  Galante was believed to be the shooter.

  • "He was head of the Bonanno  crime family. Known as "The  

  • Cigar," he was widely feared for his cruelty."

  • Galante spent some time in jail  as a suspect in the murder,  

  • but he was released without chargesand the case was never closed.

  • Tresca was likely the victim of an alliance  between fascist Italy and Cosa Nostra  

  • kingpin Don Vito Genovese. Tresca had stymied  Mussolini's activities in America for years.  

  • Despite Mussolini's anti-mafia campaign during  the 1920s, the dictator grew close to Genovese,  

  • who functioned sort of like his American  fixer. So when Tresca hindered Mussolini's  

  • influence among Italians in Americahe also ran afoul of Genovese. In fact,  

  • Tresca allegedly threatened to expose  a drug ring Genovese ran out of Italy.

  • So it would seem Genovese had Tresca  killed, both out of self-interest and as  

  • a favor to Mussolini. Lucky Luciano quipped  in 1961 that, when Mussolini had a problem,  

  • Genovese would "take care of it" for him. One  of those problems, Luciano said, was Tresca.

  • The Texarkana Moonlight Murders were  two double and one single murder that  

  • took place near Texarkana, Texas, between March  and May of 1946. Teenagers Richard Griffin and  

  • Polly Anne Moore were removed from their carshot in the head with a .32 caliber pistol,  

  • and returned to the vehicle. The following  month, a second pair of teens were dragged  

  • out of their car and shot, again with  a .32. A third murder hit the news in  

  • May when Virgil Starks was shot dead in his  home; his wife survived with two bullets to  

  • the face. In Starks' case, the killer used a  .22 but left similar tire tracks at the scene.

  • Police believed the crimes were related. A  third couple, Jim Hollis and Mary Jeanne Larey,  

  • who survived a similar attack in Februaryreported an assailant wearing a burlap sack  

  • and armed with a gun, likely a pistol, which he  used to whip Hollis. Like at least one of the  

  • murdered women, Larey had been sexually assaulted  — another detail the attacks had in common.

  • The killings caused panic in Texarkana.

  • "When dark came, the kids came in. People didn't  go downtown too much. They were frightened."

  • Gun sales skyrocketed, and women took their  children to hotels whenever their husbands  

  • were out of town. Police never confirmed the  killer's identity, but Texarkana native and  

  • author James Presley, nephew of the Bowie  County sheriff who investigated the murders,  

  • told Texas Monthly that the killer  was likely a man named Youell Swinney,  

  • who was incarcerated on car theft charges in  1947. The case, however, is officially cold.

  • Sisters Ann and Margaret Richards  were granddaughters of Tennessee  

  • hotel mogul Joseph Richards. The sisterswho were white, along with Leonard Brown,  

  • a Black teenager who worked for them, were  murdered in their Oliver Springs mansion in  

  • 1940, in a cold-blooded killing that brought  together crime and race in the Jim Crow South.

  • "It's been over 75 years, you know, and  people are still reluctant to talk about it."

  • Initially, law enforcement suspected Brown of  killing the sisters in a murder-suicide. The  

  • killer had positioned the gun to make it  seem like Brown had killed himself after  

  • shooting the women. Witnesses added that Brown  had left the house of the family that owned the  

  • murder weapon the same morning, suggesting  he'd stolen the gun. With this evidence,  

  • the sheriff closed the case and  declared Brown guilty. But there  

  • were doubts. Brown was known as a good kid  who was afraid of loud bangs. And he'd been  

  • shot in the forehead from abovean unlikely  trajectory for a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

  • In 2000, a man reported seeing two other  men leave the mansion on the day of the  

  • killing. After the men threatened him, the  witness skipped town. Based on his testimony,  

  • law enforcement exonerated Brown and tied  the killing to a property dispute the women  

  • had with their cousin, Mary Sienknechtwho had lost a property case against the  

  • pair years earlier. But all the suspects  are dead, including one suspect who was  

  • shot to death by another, reportedly  to prevent him from talking to police.

  • Oil heiress Georgette Bauerdorf was  found dead in her bathtub in 1944,  

  • wearing only her pajama top. The Los Angeles  Police Department initially suspected an  

  • accident because her valuables were untouchedapart from a missing $100. But when they found  

  • a medical bandage stuffed down her throat, they  realized she'd been murdered. Beyond the bandage,  

  • her body was bruised, her skull punched in, and  her knuckle bones shattered. She'd put up a fight.

  • Police searched Bauerdorf's diary for cluesThe journal contained the names of soldiers  

  • she'd been involved with, and they became  suspects. Police suspected Cpl. Cosmo Volpe,  

  • who was witnessed aggressively pursuing  Bauerdorf and getting between her and other  

  • men on the dance floor at the Hollywood  Canteen, where she worked. But police  

  • released him after his alibi checked outSgt. Gordon Aadland, who hitched a ride  

  • with her and became the last person to see her  alive, was also exonerated after questioning.

  • According to retired Los Angeles police  detective Steve Hodel, the biggest clue  

  • may be the medical bandage found lodged in  her throat, a kind that hadn't been available  

  • in the area for over 20 years. With that in  mind, Hodel has suggested that the killer was  

  • a medical professional, similar to whoever  murdered and dismembered Elizabeth Short.

  • Lewis Allyn, a "pure food" activist and college  chemistry professor, was murdered at his house  

  • in Westfield, Massachusetts, in 1940. He  lived in a respectable home with his wife,  

  • ran a lab, and taught classes at what  is today Westfield State University. One  

  • night in May, after an argument with  an unidentified person at his door,  

  • Allyn was shot twice in the face and twice  in the body. His killer was never caught.

  • Sensational theories surfaced to explain Allyn's  killing, accusing everyone from Nazis who wanted  

  • his patents for food preservatives to  a food industry angry at his promotion  

  • of "pure food" standards, and even the mafiawhich had supposedly targeted Allyn for being  

  • a government informant, according to Westfield  historian Bob Brown. However, according to Brown,  

  • none of these had any basis in fact. They were  just grand conspiracy theories that sprang up  

  • amid intense national coverage after law  enforcement failed to solve the crime.

  • Brown hints at two alternative possibilitiesAllyn had a reputation as a womanizer, and may  

  • have had relationships with his female studentsGiven that the murder began with an argument,  

  • it's possible Allyn ran afoul of a fatherhusband, or boyfriend of one of these women,  

  • and was killed in a crime of passion. Or maybe he  was killed by someone who lost money by investing  

  • in a company Allyn had promoted. Either waythe killing remains unsolved 84 years later.

  • Margaret Treese was a war widow and divorcee  who moved to Iowa after divorcing her second  

  • husband in West Virginia. One morning in 1947,  two workers found her dead in a Davenport,  

  • Iowa, park. According to the Estherville Daily  News, she was found naked, badly disfigured,  

  • and covered with tattoos, which led her killing  to be dubbed "the Tattoo Murder Case." Her killers  

  • had shown no mercy, stabbing her at least 10  times and even running her over with a car.

  • Police quickly turned their attention to  Treese's social circles, which included a  

  • handful of men with whom she appeared  to have been romantically involved.  

  • Treese was also known as a regular at  the taverns on Davenport's Skid Row.

  • Witnesses said she was last seen outside a Skid  Row bar getting into a car with three men. In  

  • 1956, however, the Cedar Rapids Gazette reported  that an unidentified woman, who described herself  

  • as an acquaintance of Treese, had seen her just  a few hours before her death in a car with two  

  • men. According to the news report, both men  were "known police figures." Police never  

  • ascertained a motive and no one was ever chargedAt this point, the perpetrators are likely dead.

  • In the 1930s, the Brooklyn waterfront was  a haven of mob activity. According to Tom  

  • Folsom's The Mad Ones: Crazy Joe Gallo and  the Revolution at the Edge of the Underworld,  

  • mobsters like Gallo got their start  there, enforcing kickback schemes,  

  • roping workers into rigged numbers gamesand directing them to mafia loan sharks to  

  • cover their losses. Tired of their tacticsItalian longshoreman Pete Panto attempted to  

  • rally people against the Cosa Nostra in  July 1939. He disappeared a week later.

  • Panto's fate was confirmed in 1941  when his body was found buried in a  

  • New Jersey lime pit. According to  a Time Magazine story from 1952,  

  • Panto had run afoul of none other than  Umberto Anastasio, better known as "High  

  • Lord Executioner" Albert Anastasia, who  ruthlessly ran the New York waterfront.

  • "Within the mafia, Anastasia was recognized  as a ruthless, unflinching killer."

  • According to the outlet, New York Mayor Bill  O'Dwyer, at the time a Brooklyn prosecutor,  

  • had promised to bring the killers to justiceUnfortunately Murder, Inc., hitman Abe Reles,  

  • the city's star witness, conveniently took  a fatal fall out of a window before trial.

  • "You had the perfect murder case. You had the  

  • murderer. You had the smoking  gun. And nobody goes to trial."

  • This was, of course, Mayor  O'Dwyer's account. Time,  

  • however, revealed that O'Dwyer had  buried a conversation between two  

  • of Anastasia's men discussing Panto's killing  and directly implicating the capo. Furthermore,  

  • Anastasia was never questionedthe first  thing any good detective would have done.  

  • So although Panto's murder is technically  unsolved, everyone knew who was behind it.

  • Twenty-one-year-old Texarkana native  Virginia Carpenter was supposed  

  • to start school at the Texas State  College for Women in Denton. Instead,  

  • she disappeared after a taxi dropped her off in  front of her dorm on the night of June 1, 1948.

  • After Carpenter vanished, police immediately  went to the last person to see her:  

  • taxi driver Edgar Zachary. He told police  Carpenter met two men in a car in front  

  • of her dorm when he dropped her off  at 9:30 p.m. She knew them and said  

  • they were going to help her with her  luggage, so he went home. However,  

  • years later, Zachary's wife testified that he  didn't come home until 2 or 3 a.m. If true,  

  • why did he lie? But the driver passed his  polygraphs and was released without charges.

  • If Zachary was being truthful, then the men  were probably the kidnappers. Their identities  

  • are unknown, since all suspects named over the  years are dead. But there's one more chilling  

  • detail that might provide a clue. Virginia  Carpenter knew three of the Texarkana Moonlight  

  • Murders victims – a statistically near-impossible  coincidence considering Texarkana had a population  

  • of nearly 25,000 in 1950. One theory is that the  Texarkana killer tracked her down and killed her,  

  • too. But since those crimes also remain unsolvedit's impossible to know. Carpenter was presumed  

  • murdered and declared legally dead in  1955, though her body was never found.

  • Walter Krakower, better known as Whitey  Krakow, was one of Bugsy Siegel's hitmen,  

  • and was involved in the 1939 slaying of  underworld figure Harry "Big Greenie"  

  • Greenberg. According to Murder, Inc. by  Burton Turkus, a law enforcement officer  

  • involved in prosecuting members of the  outfit, Krakow and several other hitmen  

  • ambushed Greenberg as he returned to his  California home after an evening drive.

  • But Krakow didn't live much longer. Burton  writes that the authorities scrambled to get  

  • any witnesses and informants into witness  protection before Siegel could clip them,  

  • too. Krakow was one of those people  of interest, with Burton suggesting  

  • the FBI was willing to offer him a deal if  he talked. Unfortunately for investigators,  

  • Krakow was gunned down on New York  City's Lower East Side in August 1940.

  • Siegel was arrested as a suspect in all of  the killings, especially the Greenberg hit,  

  • along with an associate named Frank Carbowho was also charged with murder. However,  

  • Siegel got "lucky." Government star  witness Abe Reles, a partner of Krakow,  

  • "fell" out a window to his death in 1941,  so Siegel's case was dismissed due to lack  

  • of evidence. Carbo's case ended in a hung jurydespite multiple witnesses identifying him with  

  • certainty as the killer, so he walked, tooThus, although Krakow's murder was probably  

  • on Siegel's orders to prevent him from turning  informant, officially, his case remains unsolved.

  • Detectives Ferdinand Socha and Joseph  Lynch were members of the New York City  

  • Police Department's bomb squad. They  were called to disable a suitcase bomb  

  • at the 1939-1940 World's Fairwhich blew up and killed them.

  • New York City saw a spike in political  violence in the 1930s, including bomb  

  • attacks, thanks to conflicts between local  communists and the German American Bund,  

  • a pro-Nazi German American organizationBecause the bomb had been found in the British  

  • Pavilion , police immediately suspected the Bundwhich had also been accused of trying to blow up  

  • the Brooklyn Bridge. But investigations  came up empty, despite a $26,000 reward.

  • Without any clear connection to the Bund, the only  suspects left were the British themselves. NYPD  

  • officer and historian Bernard Whalen told Atlas  Obscura that Hitler was desperate to keep the  

  • United States out of Europe in hopes of avoiding  a larger war he could not win. Thus, it wasn't in  

  • the Bund's interestif they represented the Nazi  party's strategyto carry out attacks against  

  • American targets. American public opinion was  either mostly pro-German or anti-interventionist,  

  • and terrorism risked gutting that. The Britishhowever, wanted American involvement in Europe  

  • as soon as possible. According to one theoryBritish intelligence might have false-flagged  

  • the U.S. with a terror attack on American soil  that could be blamed on Hitler's supporters in  

  • America. As compelling as the theory is, itof course, remains mere conjecture to this day.

We think of 1940s America as a simpler timebut even then there were grisly murders,  

Subtitles and vocabulary

Click the word to look it up Click the word to find further inforamtion about it

B1 US

Chilling Unsolved Murders From 1940s America

  • 5 2
    林宜悉 posted on 2024/03/02
Video vocabulary