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  • Vanessa: Welcome to the Ultimate English MasterClass.

  • Get ready to level up your English pronunciation skills, so that you can speak clearly and

  • understandably.

  • Then you'll level up your vocabulary skills, so that you can express yourself completely.

  • And finally, we'll focus on leveling up your grammar skills, so that you can speak advanced

  • natural English.

  • Hi, I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com, and like always, I have created a very special

  • PDF worksheet for you today.

  • This PDF worksheet includes everything that you will learn in this MasterClass.

  • It is 24 pages long.

  • It is completely free, my gift to you.

  • You can click on the link in the description to download this free PDF worksheet.

  • Don't miss out, because it will help you to level up your English skills and get the most

  • out of this Ultimate MasterClass.

  • Let's get started by focusing on pronunciation so that you can speak clearly.

  • Let's go.

  • Today, I'm going to be helping you with some common English phrases and sentences and questions,

  • how to combine them, how native English speakers make them quick and fast, so that you can

  • pronounce them like this yourself if you feel like it, but also to help you be able to understand

  • fast English.

  • You are going to be pronouncing these eight fast sentences in English in no time.

  • Let's get started.

  • Our first five sentences include some kind of reduction with the word you.

  • Let's take a look at our first sentence.

  • What do you think?

  • But do you think that we really say it this slowly?

  • What do you think?

  • Absolutely not.

  • I just bought this new dress.

  • What do you think?

  • What is happening in the middle of this question?

  • Let's break it down, there are a couple different ways that we can reduce this question, so

  • let's talk about the first one.

  • What do you think?

  • What do you think?

  • Here, the final T on the question word what is cutoff.

  • We just say "what."

  • Then, instead of saying do with a nice oo sound, instead it sounds like duh.

  • What do, and then the next word you is going to have a similar sound.

  • What do you?

  • What do you think?

  • What do you think?

  • Can you say that with me?

  • What do you think?

  • What do you think?

  • But would you imagine that we can reduce this even more?

  • Yep.

  • You will definitely hear in English movies and TV shows.

  • People say, "I just bought this new dress, what you think?

  • What you is happening to the verb do?

  • Listen carefully.

  • I just bought this new dress, what you think?

  • What you think?

  • Do is just gone.

  • It's completely absent from this sentence.

  • It's off on vacation somewhere.

  • So you can say, what you think.

  • What you think?

  • What you think?

  • What you think?

  • Our second question is, where did you get it?

  • But do you think we say it like this?

  • Where did you get it?

  • No.

  • If English speakers spoke like this, then you probably wouldn't be here because you'd

  • already be able to understand fast English because it would just be slow English.

  • So let's see how this is actually said.

  • I love that dress.

  • Where'd did you get it?

  • Where'd did you get it?

  • Let's break this down where'd.

  • Where'd.

  • This is a contraction of where and did.

  • Where'd you, this is you.

  • Where'd you.

  • And then our final two words we're going to link together.

  • Get it.

  • Get.

  • Where's that D coming from?

  • Get.

  • Get it.

  • Well, in American English, when there is a T between two vowels, we often change that

  • T to a D sound.

  • This is going to be extremely common in American English and it's going to help you to pick

  • up on fast words like sweater, water.

  • These are common examples of a T changing to a D.

  • And finally in this question, there's one more thing we need to mention.

  • Listen to the final sound of the question.

  • Where'd you get it?

  • It.

  • It.

  • Do you hear it?

  • Nope.

  • Listen one more time.

  • Where'd you get it?

  • Where'd you get it?

  • That final T is not really pronounced.

  • Your tongue is going to be in the same place as if you are going to make a T sound, but

  • instead of letting that air flow out, your tongue just stops on the top of your mouth.

  • That's why we call this a stopped T. Can you say those final two words with me?

  • Get it, get it, get it.

  • All right, let's put it all together and I want you to say this out loud with me.

  • Where'd did you get it?

  • Where'd did you get it?

  • Now sometimes we reduce this a little bit further and the entire rest of the sentence

  • sounds the same except for the word you.

  • Sometimes we say where'd you, where'd you.

  • Instead of where'd you.

  • This is the difference between Y and J. Where'd you get it?

  • Where'd did you get it?

  • Where'd did you get it?

  • Oh, I like that dress.

  • Where'd did you get it?

  • Where'd.

  • So that's the one main difference here between these two different reductions and you're

  • going to hear both of them.

  • So now I hope that you'll be able to understand them.

  • Let's go to our next one sentence number three or I guess question number three is are you

  • doing okay?

  • This is a very kind question you can ask someone who you feel like might be having a hard time

  • in life.

  • It's the year 2020, so a lot of people are in this situation and it's a kind question

  • you can ask and you will also hear other people asking.

  • But do they say, are you doing okay?

  • No.

  • This is often reduced in the couples different ways within the sentence.

  • So let's talk about it.

  • Hey, I haven't seen you in a while.

  • Are you doing okay?

  • Are you doing okay?

  • Here, we have kept the word are, but then you listen carefully.

  • Are you doing okay?

  • Does that sound familiar?

  • We already talked about how sometimes you becomes you, and this is extremely common

  • as we're speaking quickly and talking with people in a comfortable situation.

  • Are you.

  • And then listen to our verb doing okay.

  • What's happening with the G at the end?

  • Doing.

  • It's gone.

  • It is on vacation.

  • So make sure that we say are you doing okay?

  • Are you doing okay?

  • Are you doing okay?

  • We can reduce this even further by cutting off our first verb, are.

  • You doing okay?

  • You doing okay?

  • Say that with me.

  • You doing okay?

  • I haven't seen you for a while.

  • You doing okay?

  • You doing okay?

  • Fast sentence number four, did you eat yet?

  • Did you eat yet?

  • But do you think we say it like this?

  • Nope.

  • Instead we're going to reduce this in a couple different ways.

  • So you might say, when I visit my grandma's house, she always asks me, did you eat yet?

  • But she doesn't say it like that.

  • Instead she says, did you eat yet?

  • Did you eat yet.

  • Here, the word you is being reduced to you?

  • Did you eat yet?

  • And also notice what's happening with the two final words.

  • Eat.

  • And yet they both end in T. So think back to another rule about T that we talked about.

  • Eat yet my tongue is stopped at the top of my mouth and I'm not letting that air pass

  • through.

  • Listen to the full sentence.

  • Did you eat yet?

  • Did ya eat yet?

  • Can you say that with me?

  • Did you eat yet?

  • We can reduce this another time and say, did you.

  • Did you eat yet?

  • Say it with me.

  • Did you eat yet?

  • Did you eat yet?

  • And then we can reduce this one final time.

  • And this is I think one of my favorites.

  • Growing up my family sometimes used to laugh about this because it's reduced so much it

  • doesn't sound like any English word, but in the right context you can totally understand

  • it.

  • What if I said to you, did you eat yet?

  • It sounds so weird.

  • Did you eat yet?

  • Did you eat yet?

  • This means did you eat yet?

  • But we are reducing this again and again and again.

  • If you remember we just talked about did you making you into a J sound.

  • So that's what's happening here, but we're dropping did and we're keeping J and then

  • eat yet.

  • Did you eat yet?

  • Did you eat yet?

  • Did you eat yet?

  • Now, if you are uncomfortable using these extremely reduced versions of English sentences

  • yourself, that's no problem.

  • One of the biggest benefits to knowing these types of reductions is being able to understand

  • other people when they use them.

  • So I want to give you these tools in your figurative English toolbox so that you can

  • understand people.

  • If you're watching a movie and they say, did you eat yet before this lesson you would've

  • thought, what in the world did they say?

  • But now you know that they're asking did you eat yet?

  • So you have that tool in your toolbox to know how they're saying this, what they're saying

  • and how they're reducing it.

  • Sentence number five is I'll text you later, I'll text you later.

  • We often use this if we just want to get in touch with a friend later.

  • Maybe you don't have the information they're asking about.

  • You don't know if you're free on Saturday to get together.

  • So you're going to go home, look at your calendar and then you'll text them later.

  • So let's break down how we can say this sentence.

  • I'll text you later.

  • I'll text you later.

  • Did you notice what we're doing here?

  • You is becoming, listen again, I'll text you later.

  • It's becoming you again.

  • As you can tell, this is a very common reduction of the word you.

  • I'll text you later.

  • We have another reduction that's happening here.

  • What is that first word?

  • This is simply a contraction of I plus will the future tense in English.

  • I'll text you later.

  • Listen to our final word.

  • Later.

  • Later.

  • There's a T, but it sounds like a D. Is this happening again?

  • Yes.

  • Here we have a T between two vowels and so the word later doesn't sound like later.

  • Instead, it's going to sound like later.

  • Later.

  • Can you say that full sentence with me?

  • I'll text you later.

  • I'll text you later.

  • We can even reduce this a little bit more, especially in an informal situation and drop

  • the subject altogether.

  • You might just say, text you later.

  • This is kind of like when you say goodbye to someone and you say, see you later, you're

  • dropping.

  • I'll see you later.

  • We just say, see you later.

  • Talk to you later.

  • This is the similar idea, but you can say, text you later.

  • Okay, text you later.

  • I'll get back in touch with you, text you later.

  • For our final three fast sentences, we're going to be talking about reducing contractions

  • even more and sometimes cutting out verbs completely.

  • Let's go to sentence number six.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • This verb to get means to understand.

  • And we often use this for jokes.

  • So if someone tells a joke, you might say, I don't get it.

  • This means you don't understand why it's funny.

  • So they might have to explain it to you.

  • And this is something that's common as you're learning another language.

  • There's probably a lot of twists of language or jokes and different things that people

  • will say that you won't understand why it's funny or why it was interesting or why it

  • was sad.

  • So you might need to say this, "Hey, I'm sorry I don't get it.

  • Can you explain it to me?"

  • That's perfectly fine, but let's break down the pronunciation of how you can reduce.

  • I don't get it.

  • Our first way is to say, I don't get it.

  • I don't.

  • This is a negative contraction.

  • Do not.

  • And that T is just going to be stopped at the top of your mouth.

  • Don't.

  • Don't So you're making a slight N sound, but you want to make sure that that T is stopped.

  • Don't, I don't.

  • And then we're going to link together.

  • Get it.

  • Get it.

  • Do you notice here a T is between two vowels, even though they're different words.

  • It's okay.

  • It's still between two vowels.

  • We're going to link them together, not get it, but get it.

  • What's happening with the word it?

  • Here, that word, it has a stopped T at the end.

  • So it's just it.

  • It.

  • My tongue is stopped at the top of my mouth.

  • Do you think we can put all of this together?

  • I know it's a short sentence, but isn't it amazing how so many pronunciation tips can

  • be packed into one short sentence?

  • All right, let's say it all together.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • But you might have imagined we can reduce the contraction don't even further.

  • Listen to this.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't.

  • Don't.

  • What's happening to the D here?

  • I don't, don't.

  • It's just gone.

  • Sometimes we just cut it out when we're speaking really fast.

  • So you might hear I don't.

  • I don't, I don't.

  • And that is I don't.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • The final part is the same as before.

  • We're changing the T to a D, get, and then it is a stopped T. Get it.

  • But that first part with the vowel, listen again, I don't get it.

  • I don't, I don't.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't get it.

  • So you're going to hear people say this in movies and TV shows really fast.

  • If someone says something funny and the other person doesn't laugh, they might say, sorry,

  • I don't get it.

  • I don't.

  • I don't I don't get it.

  • Sentence number seven is I have got to go to someplace the store, my friend's house,

  • work.

  • But do we say it like that?

  • Oh, I bet you wish that we did, but unfortunately we reduce this many times.

  • So let's talk about it from the beginning.

  • First, we're going to make a contraction with I have, I've.

  • And then we have got to.

  • Got to implies a necessity.

  • I have to do something.

  • But got to means something very similar.

  • But we can reduce these words together.

  • Instead of saying I've got to, we can say got to.

  • Got to.

  • We often write this in a text message or in a quick email as G-O-T-T-A.

  • Got to.

  • Got to.

  • Got to.

  • What's happening with the pronunciation?

  • That T is changing to a D. Say it with me, I've got to.

  • I've got to study English every day.

  • I've got to.

  • The same thing is going to happen with the next two verbs.

  • Go to the store.

  • Instead of go to, we're going to say, I've got to go to.

  • Go to.

  • Go to.

  • I've got to go to the store.

  • I've got to go to.

  • That T is changing to a D. Say it with me.

  • I've got to go to the store.

  • I've got to go to the store.

  • Now, just to let you know, sometimes in American English, when there is a present perfect verb

  • tense like I have got to do something with the word have.

  • Sometimes we drop, have completely, especially with got to.

  • We might just say.

  • I got to.

  • I got to go to the store.

  • I got to go to the store.

  • Where are you going?

  • Oh, I got to go to work.

  • I'm sorry I'm late.

  • I got to go to.

  • Our final sentence, number eight, is I'm about to plus some kind of verb like I'm about to

  • pass out I'm so hungry.

  • Or I'm about to go to work.

  • I'm about to do something.

  • Let's reduce the beginning of this sentence.

  • Our first word is a contraction, I'm, which is I am, I'm.

  • Our next word about.

  • Sometimes we cut off the first letter A and just say bout bout.

  • And then for the word to, sometimes instead of saying to, we say to.

  • To.

  • You saw this previously with got to go to the store.

  • Here it's the same thing.

  • I am about to.

  • I am about to.

  • I'm about to pass out.

  • I'm so hungry.

  • I'm about to go to the store.

  • I'm about to go to work.

  • I am about to do something.

  • But we have one more reduction that we can have.

  • Think about those two Ts at the end of the word about and at the beginning of the word

  • to.

  • Those are two ts together.

  • And on either side of that, what do you see?

  • Oh, is that a vowel?

  • That's right.

  • There are Ts surrounded by vowels.

  • So what happens?

  • We can change them to a D sound.

  • And this is all going to link together in one fast word.

  • I'm about to.

  • I'm about to.

  • I'm about to.

  • Here this D sound is the T that's been changed into a D. Actually the two Ts that have been

  • changed into Ds.

  • Let's try to say this all together.

  • I'm about to pass out.

  • I'm so hungry.

  • I'm about to.

  • I'm about to pass out.

  • I'm about to.

  • I'm about to pass out, I'm so hungry.

  • Great work practicing all eight of these shortened quick, reduced fast sentences.

  • I hope that this helped you to be able to understand some principles of English pronunciation

  • and to level up your listening skills.

  • Yes.

  • Well, today I would like to help you with five common American English phrases that

  • include key American English sounds.

  • This lesson will help you to level up your vocabulary and also level up your pronunciation

  • and understanding skills.

  • So the next time that you hear these phrases and you hear American English speakers, you

  • will know exactly what they're saying.

  • And of course, like always, I have created a free PDF worksheet to go with today's lesson.

  • You can download this worksheet and learn all of the pronunciation points, all of the

  • sample sentences, all of the ideas, and at the bottom of the worksheet you can answer

  • Vanessa's challenge question so that you never forget what you've learned.

  • You can click on the link in the description to download that free PDF worksheet today.

  • All right, let's get started with our first American English phrase and pronunciation

  • point.

  • Have you ever been looking at social media and you thought, huh, the grass is always

  • greener on the other side.

  • And then you realized maybe the grass isn't always greener on the other side.

  • There's probably some hidden costs to all of these wonderful things that you're seeing

  • online, and that's really the truth.

  • Social media is not real.

  • So this common phrase, the grass isn't always greener on the other side means that the other

  • person's life or something that you're not experiencing always looks better than what

  • you currently have.

  • But in reality, that's not really true.

  • If you get to that other place, if you do that other thing, it's not always the paradise

  • that you expect.

  • So let's break down this pronunciation so that you can use this phrase and say it clearly.

  • The grass isn't always greener on the other side.

  • Do you hear the sound that I emphasized?

  • This is the R sound or in American English we often call this the colored R because it's

  • very strong.

  • Listen to it.

  • When I say the word grass, grass.

  • Does this remind you of an angry dog?

  • And this is a way to have the American English R sound.

  • Can you say it with me?

  • The grass.

  • The grass.

  • Let's add the rest of this phrase.

  • The grass isn't always greener on the other side.

  • So don't forget that hard R sound in the word greener at the end and also in the word other.

  • Having that strong colored R sound at the end of the word is essential in American English.

  • Let's say this full phrase one more time and I want you to try to say it with me.

  • Are you ready?

  • The grass isn't always greener on the other side.

  • All right, let's go on to our second phrase and also our second American English pronunciation

  • point.

  • Are you someone who is late?

  • Well, it might be useful for you to use this phrase better late than never.

  • Better late than never.

  • Unfortunately, I have had to use this many times.

  • I am often late, hopefully just by a few minutes, but it's still nice to apologize and you can

  • use this lovely phrase.

  • Sorry I'm a few minutes late, better late than never.

  • You can say it with a little joke in your voice.

  • But let's break down this pronunciation.

  • Better late than never.

  • Listen to that word better.

  • Is there a D in this word better?

  • Are we talking about a bed that you go to sleep in?

  • Nope.

  • In American English, a T that is surrounded by vowels or vowel sounds will change to a

  • D. Better.

  • This is common in the word water or maybe you're wearing a sweater.

  • This is typical of American English.

  • So when you use this phrase, make sure that you pronounce it like this better late than

  • never.

  • Our third American English phrase and American English pronunciation is included in this

  • phrase.

  • Don't get bent out of shape over it.

  • Don't get bent out of shape over it.

  • What's happening here?

  • Well, there's one concept that we just talked about.

  • Listen to the middle of this phrase, out of shape.

  • Here this T is changing to a D. But we've already talked about that.

  • Don't get bent out of shape.

  • So what else are we adding here?

  • Listen carefully for another T sounds.

  • A lot of these words end in T, but as I say this phrase, I want you to listen to see if

  • you can hear any of them.

  • Do you hear when I say this phrase, don't get bent out of shape over it?

  • The sad news is no.

  • All of these Ts are what we call stopped Ts.

  • So it's not wrong to say don't get bent, but when you hear fast American English speakers,

  • you're going to hear them stop the T in their mouth.

  • So let's take a look at this common contraction.

  • Do not becomes don't, but when we pronounce it in a fast sentence, you're more likely

  • to hear don't.

  • Don't.

  • My tongue is at the top of my mouth, like it's going to make that T shape, but I just

  • don't let the air come out.

  • Don't get.

  • My tongue is stopped at the top of my mouth.

  • I did not say get instead, I said get.

  • And then the next word bent becomes bent.

  • Don't get bent.

  • And our next word is the linking with D sound.

  • Out of shape over it.

  • And that final word, it also has a stopped T. So that T is going to be at the top of

  • my mouth.

  • It.

  • It.

  • This is a lot.

  • Let me give you the context and what this means and then we'll say it together.

  • Let's imagine that your friend's boss gives her some, we'll say constructive criticism,

  • some feedback that maybe didn't feel too great to get.

  • You might say, "Hey, your boss was just trying to help.

  • Don't get bent out of shape over it.

  • She was just trying to give you some advice.

  • It might not sound kind and it's certainly not something you really wanted to hear, but

  • don't get bent out of shape over it.

  • You're not going to get fired.

  • It's going to be okay."

  • This means don't take something too seriously.

  • So can you say this phrase with me?

  • Yes.

  • Let's say it together.

  • Don't get bent out of shape over it.

  • Don't get bent out of shape over it.

  • Don't get bent out of shape over it.

  • It'll be okay.

  • Our fourth American English phrase and American English pronunciation is included in this

  • phrase.

  • What goes around comes around.

  • Let's talk about this pronunciation really quick.

  • What goes around comes around here.

  • We have two instances where the S at the end of goes is followed by a vowel.

  • So that S is going to sound like a Z in American English.

  • What goes around comes around.

  • And this phrase has to do with your behavior if it's good or bad, like karma, will hopefully

  • happen to you again too.

  • Usually we use this in a negative sense to make ourselves feel a little bit better.

  • So for example, if someone is not a nice person, you might say, "Well, what goes around comes

  • around.

  • Someday someone is going to be mean to him too."

  • Or if one of your coworkers gets fired because they're always late, you might say, "Well,

  • what goes around comes around.

  • He didn't respect his job and this business, he was always late.

  • So he got fired.

  • His own actions ended up affecting him."

  • You can use this with positive things like, "I'm always nice to my friends and when I

  • need them, they also care for me."

  • We could say What goes around comes around because your behavior is coming back to you,

  • but it's more likely used in a negative situation.

  • Bad behavior will come back to haunt you someday.

  • So let's try to say this phrase together with the S changing to a Z so that you can use

  • it clearly and accurately in conversations.

  • Are you ready?

  • What goes around comes around.

  • What goes around comes around.

  • Great work.

  • Our final American English phrase and American English pronunciation point is this phrase.

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • Does this phrase exist in your language?

  • I feel like this is kind of an international idea that you're dealing with a problem and

  • you know that some other problems might come in the future, but you don't want to think

  • about them now.

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • Let's focus on our current problems instead.

  • Well, let's take a look at this pronunciation, especially that first word.

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • You can say this contraction very clearly.

  • We'll.

  • We plus will is we'll.

  • But in fast American English, we often reduce this in a relaxed way.

  • And we say we'll.

  • We'll.

  • This is similar to these other contractions as well, like you'll.

  • You'll.

  • Instead of saying you will we say you'll.

  • You'll.

  • And same as we will, we'll.

  • So could you say this with me?

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • For my family, we raised seven baby chicks and we knew that having adult chickens would

  • be a lot of work, but we kind of just said, we'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • Let's enjoy these baby chicks while we have them.

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • Let's say it all together.

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • We'll cross that bridge when we get there.

  • Great work.

  • Vanessa: All right.

  • Are you ready to get started with the first secret of American English pronunciation?

  • Let's start.

  • Have you heard this phrase before?

  • "The early bird catches the worm."

  • This means that if you wake up early or you get started now, well, you will succeed.

  • Only the birds that wake up early in the morning get the best worms.

  • If you wait, if you procrastinate, well, too bad for you.

  • You won't be able to succeed.

  • But this wonderful phrase uses an important American English pronunciation point.

  • There are three words, early, bird and worm that use a colored R. So in American English,

  • this R is a strong hard sound, early, bird, worm.

  • Do you see how that's almost like an angry dog?

  • Worm, bird, early.

  • Make sure that when you're using American English pronunciation, this colored R sound

  • is hard.

  • Phrase number two that uses a key American English pronunciation is this one.

  • Have you ever heard someone say, "Your guess is as good as mine?"

  • Your guess is as good as mine.

  • This means that the other person has no clue.

  • Maybe you could say, "I don't know how to get to the beach.

  • Your guess is as good as mine."

  • But there is something important happening with the pronunciation of this phrase.

  • At the end of the word guess, and at the end of the word is, there is an S. But in American

  • English pronunciation, we often link the S with the vowel next to make a Z sound.

  • So listen carefully when I say this phrase, "Your guess is as good as mine."

  • It sounds a lot like this, and that's what's happening here.

  • We are linking together the S plus a vowel from the next word.

  • Try to say it with me.

  • Your guess is as good as mine.

  • I have no clue.

  • Your guess is as good as mine.

  • Key phrase number three that uses American English pronunciation is this fun one, "Don't

  • bite the hand that feeds you."

  • Have you ever been trying to help someone and then they complain about how you're helping

  • them?

  • You can use this phrase and say, "Hey, don't bite the hand that feeds you.

  • I'm just trying to help you."

  • Well, it's the same idea.

  • If you argue with your boss, if you yell at your boss, ugh, he's the one that gives you

  • your paycheck.

  • So don't bite the hand that feeds you.

  • But there is an important American English pronunciation here that happens three times.

  • Don't, bite, and then a little later in the sentence is the word that.

  • What is similar between all three of these words?

  • It's the letter T. Listen when I say this contraction, "Don't, don't."

  • Do you hear, "Don't" with that puff of air coming out?

  • Nope.

  • In American English, oftentimes a T at the end of words will be cut off.

  • We call this a stopped T because your mouth is making that shape.

  • "Don't."

  • My tongue is at the top of my mouth trying to make that T shape, but there's no puff

  • of air that comes out.

  • Listen carefully as I say this, and I want you to hear that stopped T. "Don't bite the

  • hand that feeds you."

  • You think you can say that with me?

  • You can do it.

  • Let's say this phrase together.

  • "Don't bite the hand that feeds you."

  • All right, let's go to our next phrase.

  • Has this ever happened to you before?

  • You invite a lot of people over to your house and you think, "It's going to be a fun party.

  • It's great."

  • And then it just becomes so many people in your house, so much chaos, and you have to

  • say this, "Oh, no, I think it's going to get out of hand."

  • This doesn't mean that anything is really in your hand and it's getting out of your

  • hand.

  • Instead, this means it's getting out of control.

  • But this phrase, "Get out of hand," uses an important American English pronunciation tip,

  • which is that the T at the end of words, another T tip, that has a vowel next often changes

  • to a D sound.

  • So listen, when I say this, "The party will get out of hand."

  • The word get is surrounded by vowels.

  • There's a vow on either side, G-E-T, and then the next word starts with an O. So that T

  • is surrounded by vowels, and that means that it's going to change to a D sound.

  • "Get out," and then it's going to happen with out and of.

  • "Out of."

  • In fact, the word of changes to just a.

  • Get out of hand.

  • Can you say it with me?

  • "The party will get out of hand."

  • The party will get out of hand if you invite 50 people over to your house.

  • All right, let's go to our last American English pronunciation tip.

  • Has it ever happened to you that you travel abroad and then you realize that you are just

  • meeting people from your own home country?

  • It's like you're magnetic towards each other.

  • Well, we could use this phrase, "Birds of a feather flock together," and this means

  • that common things are attracted to each other for better or for worse.

  • So there is a key American English pronunciation point we can talk about with this phrase.

  • We already talked about the word bird and how it uses that colored R, that hard R sound.

  • Bird.

  • And there is another R tip in this phrase as well.

  • Look at the end of the word feather and together.

  • Here is an E-R, and it's going to be a strong R sound.

  • Feather, together.

  • Again, pretend that you are an angry dog and try to make that hard R sound.

  • Feather, together.

  • Can you say this wonderful idiom with me?

  • "Birds of a feather flock together."

  • Wonderful.

  • So if you can use all five of these American English pronunciation points, you will sound

  • more American, and it will also help you to understand American English speakers when

  • they're talking, which is wonderful when you're watching a movie or TV show.

  • So I guarantee the next time you hear these wonderful idioms, you will think, "Oh, I learned

  • that in Vanessa's lesson.

  • Yes, now I understand it and I know how they're pronouncing it and I can do it too."

  • Do you have good pronunciation?

  • How do you know the best way to test your pronunciation is to speak with someone else

  • and see if they can understand you, because understanding is the purpose of pronunciation

  • and of speaking.

  • But unfortunately here on YouTube, I can't listen to you.

  • Maybe YouTube will create that technology someday in the future.

  • So for now, I'd like to give you a different type of pronunciation test.

  • The next best way to test your pronunciation is to shadow or imitate exactly after a native

  • speaker so that you can see if your pronunciation is similar to mine.

  • Is it different?

  • What are the specific areas that are difficult for you?

  • I'm going to be testing your pronunciation on 16 challenging words.

  • But the best way to test your pronunciation is not with individual words, but with a whole

  • sentence.

  • So this is what we're going to do.

  • I'm going to show you a challenge sentence that uses four difficult words, and this is

  • what I want you to do.

  • I want you to say that sentence out loud before I talk about anything.

  • This is your original pronunciation.

  • I want you to hear your original pronunciation and then I'm going to read that sentence,

  • but I'm going to mispronounce one word.

  • I want you to guess which word is mispronounced.

  • There are sometimes multiple ways to pronounce each word, but I want you to be listening

  • for what is the most natural way to pronounce each word in fast English.

  • And finally, I'm going to be saying the sentence correctly, and I want you to be able to say

  • it with me.

  • So I want you to repeat the correct sentence with me.

  • Are you ready to get started with sentence number one?

  • Let's do it.

  • This is sentence number one.

  • I want you to say the sentence all by yourself.

  • Test your original pronunciation.

  • Go ahead, say it out loud.

  • Now I'm going to say the sentence and I'm going to mispronounce one word.

  • Can you guess which word I mispronounce?

  • "I buy clothes through the internet.

  • I buy clothes through the internet."

  • Which word did I say incorrectly?

  • Did you hear clothes or clothes?

  • You heard the second one, but really, that's not correct.

  • Instead, when we speak in fast English, we often pronounce clothes a lot like, "Close

  • the door."

  • I buy clothes through the internet.

  • All right, let's go through each of these challenging words and I want to help you say

  • them correctly.

  • That first word, buy, buy.

  • It sounds exactly like, "Bye.

  • See you later."

  • Bye.

  • And then we have clothes, which I just mentioned sounds a lot like, "Close the door.

  • Close the door."

  • When native speakers are speaking a little bit slower, they might add a T-H sound, clothes,

  • clothes.

  • You see how my tongue comes out a little bit for that T-H?

  • Clothes.

  • But really, when we're speaking quickly, it just sounds like close.

  • Close.

  • And then we have the word through.

  • Oh, this word is lovely.

  • We have a T-H followed by an R. Let's practice it slowly.

  • Your tongue is coming out between your teeth and there's some air.

  • That's a wonderful T-H sound.

  • Through.

  • It sounds like I threw the ball.

  • This is the past tense of throw.

  • I threw the ball.

  • So let's try to say this, "Through, through," and then we have our final word, internet.

  • What's happening to that middle T?

  • Internet?

  • You can say internet with a clear T if you're speaking a little bit slower, but when native

  • speakers are speaking quickly, we're going to cut out that tea completely and just say,

  • "Inner net, inner net."

  • Let's go back and try to say this full sentence clearly and naturally together.

  • Are you ready?

  • "I buy clothes through the internet.

  • I buy clothes through the internet."

  • Were you repeating with me?

  • I hope so, because we've got three more challenge sentences and I want you to test your pronunciation.

  • Let's go to number two.

  • Here's sentence number two.

  • I'm going to pause and I want you to try to say this sentence all by yourself.

  • Test your original pronunciation.

  • Go ahead.

  • Now I'm going to say it, but I'm going to mispronounce one word.

  • Can you guess which word is incorrect?

  • "A little girl took the recept to the bus.

  • The little girl took the recept to the bus."

  • Which word is wrong?

  • Did you hear receipt or recept?

  • You heard number two, but that's not correct.

  • Instead, the P is silent.

  • So you're going to say, "Receipt.

  • Receipt."

  • Just completely forget about that P in there.

  • All right, let's go through each of these challenging words because I want to make sure

  • that you can pronounce them correctly.

  • The first one is, "Little, little."

  • Do you see there's two Ts in the middle of this word, but really in American English,

  • those Ts are going to become D sounds.

  • So it's going to sound like, "Liddle," like a lid that you put on a container.

  • Liddle.

  • And then we have girl.

  • A lot of these words, girl, world, early, those words can be a little bit tricky, so

  • let's break this one down.

  • When you want to talk about the sound that an angry dog makes, you could say, "Grr, grr,"

  • and then we're going to add, "ul," at the end, "Girl, girl, girl."

  • Notice that my mouth isn't really moving here.

  • It's all inside my mouth and in my throat.

  • "Girl.

  • Girl."

  • And with the L, my tongue is coming beside my teeth.

  • "Girl."

  • It's right there, "Girl.

  • Girl."

  • All right.

  • And the next word is, "Receipt, receipt, receipt, receipt."

  • This is the piece of paper that you get after you make a purchase.

  • The cashier will give you a receipt, and then our final word is, "Bus."

  • Sometimes this short U sound can be a little bit tricky, so I want to make sure you're

  • not saying bus, buss, boss.

  • Make sure you say, "Uh, bus, bus, bus."

  • All right, let's go back and say this full sentence together.

  • "The little girl took the receipt to the bus.

  • The little girl took the receipt to the bus."

  • Did you say that with me?

  • Let's say it one more time.

  • "The little girl took the receipt to the bus."

  • Great work.

  • Let's go on to the next challenge sentence.

  • All right, here's sentence number three.

  • I want you to say it all by yourself.

  • Are you ready?

  • Test your original pronunciation.

  • Go ahead.

  • Now it's my turn.

  • I'm going to mispronounce one word.

  • Listen carefully.

  • "In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather."

  • Which one of these challenge words did I mispronounce?

  • Did you hear warm or warm?

  • You heard that second one, but that's not correct.

  • Instead, the word warm has just one syllable.

  • Not warm.

  • Instead, warm.

  • Warm.

  • Notice how my lips are in an O shape.

  • Warm.

  • Warm with a clear R. Warm.

  • All right.

  • Let's go through each of these challenge words so that you can say them correctly.

  • The first one is early.

  • This is similar to what we talked about with girl.

  • Early.

  • Let's break it into two sections.

  • Err, err, and then lee, lee, early.

  • Make sure that when you say the L, your tongue is touching the back of your teeth, L, L,

  • lee.

  • Early.

  • Early.

  • Don't add another sound in there.

  • I often hear English learners say, "Early, err, uh, lee," but that uh in the middle isn't

  • natural, so let's make sure you say early, and put it together, "Early."

  • Next we say, "Winner."

  • What is happening to the T in the middle of this word.

  • You might hear native speakers say winter with a clear T if they're enunciating clearly

  • and maybe speaking a little slowly.

  • It's fine to do that, but when native speakers speak fast, you're going to hear, "Winner,

  • winner.

  • When's the winner Olympics?

  • Winner" This is the same as a winner and a loser.

  • It's the same pronunciation, so make sure that the context helps you to know which word

  • it is.

  • Does this sound familiar?

  • "Internet, winner?"

  • We're cutting out that T, especially when there's an N-T in the middle of a word.

  • Internet, innernet, winter, winner.

  • You're going to hear that a lot in fast English.

  • Next, we have the word, "Didn't," but this is the clear pronunciation.

  • When native speakers are speaking quickly, we do not say, "Didn't."

  • With each sound pronounced, instead, you're going to hear, "Didn't.

  • Didn't."

  • There's a lot going on here in your throat.

  • Didn't, didn't.

  • So that final D is cut short, and the final T as well is cut.

  • So it's really going to be just your throat.

  • Can you say that with me?

  • "Didn't.

  • Didn't.

  • Didn't.

  • Didn't.

  • Didn't.

  • Didn't."

  • If you have trouble pronouncing or hearing or understanding contractions, it's probably

  • because we cut off a lot of those sounds.

  • We reduce them.

  • That's something that's natural in English.

  • I made a video about how to pronounce 81 different contractions.

  • You can check it out here because this happens to a lot of different contractions, and I

  • want to make sure you can pronounce them, but also that you can understand them.

  • The difference between a positive word, "Did," and, "Didn't," is very important when you're

  • having a conversation.

  • All right, let's go to the last word.

  • "Warm.

  • Warm.

  • Warm."

  • Make sure that this is one syllable.

  • Warm.

  • Warm.

  • Do you think you can put all of these words together?

  • You got it.

  • Let's say it together.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • Great work.

  • All right, let's go to the final challenge sentence.

  • Here's our final challenge sentence.

  • Can you say this all by yourself?

  • Go ahead.

  • Now it's my turn.

  • I'm going to mispronounce one word.

  • I want you to guess which one it is.

  • "I definitely sought the water at the beach was salty.

  • I definitely sought the water at the beach was salty."

  • Which word is incorrect?

  • Did you hear, "Thought," or, "Sought"?

  • You heard the second one, "Sought," but does this word start with an S?

  • No.

  • Instead, it starts with a T-H.

  • So you need to make sure that your tongue is between your teeth and there's that stream

  • of air coming through through.

  • Through, we already talked about that word.

  • Thought.

  • Thought.

  • All right, let's go through each of these challenge words so that you can pronounce

  • them correctly.

  • What's happening with this word, "Definitely, definitely."

  • I feel like words like definitely, certainly probably those words can be a little bit tricky.

  • I talked about some of those in this pronunciation lesson up here, but the word definitely, we

  • use a lot and you probably would like to use a lot, but you need to pronounce it correctly.

  • So let's break it down.

  • Definitely.

  • Definitely.

  • Definitely.

  • Definitely.

  • Definitely.

  • Definitely.

  • Definitely.

  • It's definitely a beautiful day.

  • This is definitely a helpful lesson.

  • I hope so.

  • The next word is that lovely word we just talked about, "Thought.

  • Thought."

  • Make sure that your tongue is between your teeth.

  • I often hear English learners switching an S and a T-H sound, "Sought," instead of, "Thought."

  • And in some situations this could be a little bit difficult for other English speakers to

  • understand you, so make sure that you say this correctly.

  • "Thought.

  • Thought."

  • And then we have the word water.

  • Water.

  • What's the sound that you hear in the middle of this word?

  • Wadder.

  • Wadder.

  • Well, it's not a T sound.

  • Water.

  • Instead, it's a D. Here we have again the T is changing to a D.

  • This is typical in American English.

  • Wadder, wadder.

  • I want you to say that with me.

  • Water.

  • Water.

  • And finally, we have the word beach.

  • Beach.

  • A lot of you are concerned that you might say a rude word instead, so let's practice

  • that vowel sound.

  • It needs to be a long E. Beach, beach, beach.

  • And really, the context here is going to help you a lot.

  • So when we're talking about the water at the beach is salty, you're most likely talking

  • about the ocean, the sea.

  • You're not talking about a rude word, so I think the context is going to help you a lot,

  • but make sure that when you pronounce it, you say E, beach.

  • All right, let's go back and say that full sentence.

  • I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.

  • I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.

  • I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.

  • Great work.

  • I hope that you had a chance to say that sentence out loud with me and test your pronunciation.

  • Are you ready for a final challenge?

  • We're going to go back and say all four of those sentences, and I want you to say them

  • out loud with me.

  • I'm going to say them two times so that you can listen and then you can also repeat.

  • Are you ready?

  • Let's say them together.

  • I buy clothes through the internet.

  • I buy clothes through the internet.

  • The little girl took the receipt to the bus.

  • The little girl took the receipt to the bus.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.

  • I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.

  • I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.

  • Congratulations on leveling up your pronunciation skills so that other people can understand

  • you clearly and easily.

  • The next thing is to level up your vocabulary skills.

  • Grow your vocabulary.

  • In this section we'll be focusing on specific words that you can use to describe other people,

  • and then specific words that you can use to talk about different body parts, including

  • important idioms that you can add to your daily conversations.

  • Let's watch.

  • The first category are almost 100 personality expressions.

  • You will take a personality test where you can guess which word you think best describes

  • you, and you'll meet a couple of my friends when we describe each other where you can

  • learn even more expressions.

  • The second vocabulary category is we will be talking about 100 body related words.

  • I will be going through my body talking about each word that you need to use to talk about

  • all of the different parts of the body, so it's a great way to level up your daily vocabulary

  • so that you don't have gaps where you don't know what to say when you're trying to speak.

  • Let's get started with the personality test and the personality expressions.

  • Let's go.

  • Have you ever taken a personality test?

  • These kind of tests try to tell you something new about your character, or maybe put you

  • into a category.

  • You are a comforter.

  • You are enthusiastic.

  • You are a pessimist.

  • Personally, I hate almost every personality test.

  • Why do I need a test to tell me about my personality?

  • I already know my personality.

  • You probably learned a lot about me just from that statement.

  • I don't need a test.

  • I don't need someone else to tell me about my personality.

  • But having said that, sometimes personality tests can be really helpful for expanding

  • your vocabulary so that you can accurately describe people.

  • Maybe you just got a new job and you want to tell your husband about your boss.

  • You want to explain your boss's character or maybe how your boss looks or some things

  • that your boss does or maybe you're on a first date with someone and you want to tell them

  • the wonderful things about your personality.

  • You need to describe yourself.

  • So in this lesson, I'm going to give you the vocabulary to accurately describe other people

  • and also yourself.

  • Today, I want to ask you six questions to learn more about your personality.

  • The goal is to choose some of these nouns and adjectives and create a sentence or maybe

  • a couple sentences describing yourself.

  • If you feel like this is too personal, you can create a list for someone else in your

  • life.

  • At the end of this lesson, I have some extra special material.

  • You're going to see a conversation with five native English speakers where we try to describe

  • each other.

  • Hopefully, this will help to also expand your vocabulary, but you'll have to wait until

  • the end of this lesson.

  • All right, let's get started with the first question on this personality test.

  • Personality test question number one, are your travel plans generally organized?

  • What about your home and office?

  • Are they pretty tidy?

  • Tidy means clean.

  • Things are orderly.

  • Think about this for a moment.

  • Organized, tidy.

  • Does this describe you?

  • Think about this for three seconds.

  • Choose yes or no.

  • Three, two, one.

  • All right.

  • Let's say you decided to say, "Yes.

  • My travel plans are generally organized.

  • My home and office are pretty tidy."

  • What are some great adjectives we can use to describe you?

  • I'm organized.

  • I'm put together.

  • I have it together.

  • Here, we're talking about your life.

  • You have your life together.

  • It is organized.

  • "I'm organized, I'm put together.

  • I have it together."

  • Or you might say, "I'm A type."

  • A type is compared to B type, which we'll talk about in just a moment.

  • A type means that you are quite orderly.

  • There is a place for everything in your life.

  • You might also add a qualifier to some of these expressions.

  • "I'm somewhat A type.

  • I'm kind of A type.

  • I'm pretty A type."

  • Here, we're lessening it a little bit.

  • You're not 100% A type.

  • You're not 100% organized.

  • I'm somewhat organized.

  • Okay, that's fine.

  • Most of us are in the middle of a lot of these categories, so it's good to use these qualifiers.

  • "I'm somewhat organized."

  • You might also say if you said yes to this that your travel plans are generally organized,

  • you might say, "I'm a doer."

  • Doer.

  • Here, the root word is do.

  • You do things.

  • You don't just think about them and wait for something to happen.

  • You do things.

  • You take action.

  • "I'm a doer."

  • Or you might say simply, "I'm clean.

  • Things in my life are clean.

  • I'm a clean person."

  • What if you said no to this?

  • "No, my travel plans are not orderly.

  • Oh, my home and office, they're a wreck."

  • Well, what are some adjectives we can use to describe you?

  • You might be spontaneous or creative.

  • What if you are not A type?

  • You are B type.

  • B type means that you don't always have things orderly.

  • Maybe you tend to be slower at doing things.

  • You think about things a lot.

  • Usually B type people.

  • Might be a little more of the creative spontaneous type.

  • That's why you're in this list.

  • And then we have some negative words that we can use to describe these people as well.

  • You might be scatterbrained.

  • Here we can imagine in your head, things are not orderly.

  • They are scattered.

  • Scattered means unorganized.

  • So if you say to someone, "You are scatterbrained," it is not nice.

  • You could say it about yourself.

  • That's fine.

  • "I'm scatterbrained," but you don't want to say that about someone else.

  • So during today's lesson, for these words that are definitely rude to say to someone

  • else, I put a little star beside it so that you know, "Ugh, I should probably be careful

  • saying this to other people because these are always negative," and-

  • Vanessa: ... for saying this to other people because,

  • these are always negative.

  • And the final thing you might say if you said no to this question is, "I'm not clean.

  • I'm messy.

  • My life is messy.

  • My house is messy.

  • Just things are not organized.

  • I'm messy."

  • Did you write down some words that relate to your personality?

  • All right.

  • Let's go on to the personality test question number two.

  • Question number two.

  • Is it easy to stay relaxed even when you have the pressure?

  • Do small events not change how you feel about the rest of the day?

  • Maybe a small negative thing happens and who cares?

  • It doesn't bother you, you can just easily forget about it.

  • Think about these questions.

  • Is it true for you?

  • "Yes, I can easily stay relaxed even when there's pressure.

  • Yes, I can easily forget about little annoyances during the day or no, it's hard for me to

  • feel relaxed even when there's pressure."

  • Think about this for you and let's talk about some words in three, two, one.

  • What if you said yes to this?

  • It's easy for me to feel relaxed even when there's pressure?

  • And, yeah, if there's small annoying things that happen during the day, it doesn't bother

  • me.

  • What are some words we could use to describe you?

  • You could say, "I'm easygoing.

  • Nothing phases me.

  • I'm optimistic.

  • I'm even-keeled."

  • We talked about this word in a previous lesson where Dan and I talked about our relationship,

  • our marriage together.

  • He said that I'm even-keeled.

  • This is a great word.

  • You might say, "I'm confident.

  • I'm calm.

  • I'm rational."

  • These are all things that you might use to describe you, if you said, "Yeah, I can easily

  • stay relaxed even when there's pressure."

  • But what about if you said no to this question?

  • What if you said, "Oh, no, I don't easily feel relaxed.

  • I'm often not relaxed.

  • I'm often stressed."

  • What are some words we can use to describe you?

  • We might say, "I'm sensitive."

  • This means that things affect you easily.

  • It's not always a negative thing.

  • Of course, it depends on the situation.

  • If you're applying for a high stress job, you don't want to say, "I'm sensitive."

  • It probably means you're not a good fit for the position, but this could be just to describe

  • you personally.

  • "I'm sensitive."

  • Or maybe you might say, "I'm emotional."

  • Your emotions play a big part in your life.

  • Another way to say emotional is moody.

  • Moody is always a negative thing.

  • This means you're in a good mood, you're in a bad mood, and you're swinging between those

  • moods and there's no rhyme or reason.

  • That means there's no predictability.

  • Oh, one day or one moment you feel like this and the next day or the next moment you feel

  • like this, you are moody.

  • This is stronger than emotional.

  • This is much more negative than emotional.

  • So, don't tell someone you are moody.

  • Especially if they are moody, it won't go well.

  • Do you know what the opposite of optimistic is?

  • You might be pessimistic.

  • Pessimistic means that the glass is half empty.

  • The glass is not half full, the glass is half empty.

  • This is an expression that means you always see maybe the negative side or what if this

  • happens?

  • You're always asking, "What if", in kind of that negative way.

  • Of course it's good to balance, being optimistic and pessimistic, but these are the two extremes.

  • The next five words mean something very similar and they're all negative.

  • I don't recommend telling someone else that they are these things.

  • Of course, you can say them about yourself if you would like.

  • You might say, "I'm uptight."

  • Tight.

  • We can kind of imagine something inside of you is maybe twisted or tight and inside of

  • you, you don't feel relaxed.

  • You are uptight or maybe you are anxious.

  • You can say, "I'm anxious", and that describes your personality, but you might just be anxious

  • about one thing.

  • "I'm anxious about my exam tomorrow."

  • Okay, maybe in general, you're not an anxious person, but you're anxious about that specific

  • activity.

  • That's fine.

  • That's not really describing your personality.

  • "Every day, I'm often anxious."

  • No, it's just one specific thing.

  • Or you might be high-strung.

  • High-strung has that same feeling of uptight, anxious, high-strung, or you might be a worrier.

  • A worrier.

  • "She is a worrier."

  • That means that she worries a lot.

  • This defines her personality.

  • She's a worrier.

  • Or we might say, neurotic.

  • "He's neurotic.

  • She's neurotic.

  • I'm neurotic."

  • This is quite strong.

  • You are uptight and a lot of things bother you.

  • Let's go on to personality test question number three.

  • There's actually three questions in one here.

  • They are, is it difficult to introduce yourself to new people?

  • Do you feel tired after you spend time with a group of people?

  • Is a good book or a good movie more interesting than a social event?

  • Think about those questions for a moment.

  • Is it difficult to introduce yourself to new people?

  • How do you feel when you get together with a group of people?

  • Do you feel tired?

  • Think about that for a moment.

  • If the answer is yes or no, three, two, one.

  • Let's imagine that you said, "Yeah, it's difficult to introduce myself to people.

  • I think that when I get together with a group of people, I feel so tired.

  • I would rather read a good book or watch a movie than go to a social event."

  • If you said yes to this, let's talk about some adjectives that can describe you.

  • You could say, "I'm reserved.

  • I'm shy.

  • I'm timid.

  • I'm introverted."

  • Or just simply, "I prefer small groups."

  • I know some people are like this.

  • They don't like big groups.

  • They would rather get together with just one other person or maybe two or three other people,

  • not a group of 20 people.

  • "I prefer small groups.

  • I'm introverted, I'm reserved, I'm shy, I'm timid."

  • These are all great words.

  • What about if you said, "No, I feel energetic when I get together with a group of people.

  • I would rather go to a social outing.

  • Oh, it's no problem to introduce myself to new people."

  • What are some words we can use to describe you?

  • You could say, "I'm outgoing.

  • I'm the life of the party."

  • Now for this expression, it's probably better that someone else says this about you, just

  • because it's maybe not so humble if you say, "I'm the life of the party."

  • It means that, "Everybody loves me.

  • People love talking with me."

  • It's probably better if your friend said, "Oh, yeah, Vanessa, she's the life of the

  • party."

  • Instead of me saying it about myself.

  • But this might be an expression you can use to talk about someone like this.

  • Or you might be the opposite of introverted, extroverted.

  • "You are at ease in social situations.

  • You take initiative.

  • You are social."

  • This word initiative is a beautiful word.

  • We can imagine that when there are two people, maybe in a gathering and they both are kind

  • of looking at each other, but they don't really want to start a conversation, the person who

  • starts the conversation, that person takes initiative.

  • They took that opportunity.

  • So if you have no problem introducing yourself to other people or maybe asking questions

  • at a store, you take initiative.

  • Let's go on to question number four of this personality test.

  • Do you often get lost in thought and forget your surroundings?

  • Do you often think about the meaning of life?

  • Do you get lost in thought?

  • Things are going on in your head and you're thinking about those things, not the things

  • around you.

  • Do you often think about the meaning of life?

  • What is life?

  • Think about this question.

  • Is it true for you?

  • Is it not true for you?

  • Three, two, one.

  • Let's imagine that you said, "Yeah, I do kind of often get lost in thought.

  • Yeah, I do think about the meaning of life often."

  • What are some words we can use to describe you?

  • You might say, "I'm deep."

  • Now this is an expression, kind of like I'm the life of the party, that it's not so humble.

  • If someone is deep, this is a compliment.

  • It means that they have a lot of wisdom.

  • So it's probably better for you to say it about someone else.

  • "I really like talking to my cousin.

  • He's so deep.

  • He has such interesting thoughts."

  • Instead of saying it about yourself, you might also say, "I care about finding truth."

  • This is another way to say deep.

  • "I care about finding truth."

  • Or you might be the kind of person who is critical.

  • "I'm critical of things.

  • If someone tells me something, I often question it."

  • Is it true?

  • Is that real?

  • On the negative side, you might say, cynical.

  • Cynical is always a negative word.

  • And that just means that, "Yes, that person asks questions, but they always doubt."

  • They're not just asking questions, but they're always doubting.

  • "Ugh.

  • Is that true?

  • Oh, there's no way that that's true."

  • They're cynical.

  • They're always doubting.

  • If you often get lost in thought, you might say, "I'm a dreamer.

  • I often like to daydream.

  • I am lost in my own world.

  • I live in my head."

  • These are all...

  • They're not things that you want to say in a job interview, but they're not necessarily

  • bad, so you can say them to your friends or say them about yourself.

  • If you want to say this in a negative way, you could say, "I am a million miles away."

  • Or, "She's a million miles away.

  • She's not paying attention.

  • She is a million miles away."

  • That's pretty negative.

  • And then if you want to be really negative, you could say, "I'm an airhead."

  • We can imagine your head is filled with nothing but air.

  • "I'm often lost in thought and I forget the things around me.

  • I am an airhead."

  • This is a similar category as someone who often thinks about things, but it's quite

  • different from being deep.

  • If you're deep, your head is filled with a lot of thoughts.

  • But then on the negative side, you might say, airhead for having no thoughts.

  • You're often lost in your own world.

  • You're often in your head, but you're not thinking about anything.

  • Just an airhead.

  • What if you said, "No, I'm not often lost in thought.

  • No, I don't really think about the meaning of life that often.

  • Life is life.

  • Whoa.

  • Why would I care what the meaning of life is?"

  • What would you say on the other side?

  • You could say, "I am alert."

  • You don't often get lost in your thoughts because you're looking around.

  • You are alert to the things going on around you.

  • You notice little details.

  • Maybe people who are lost in thought, they're not thinking about the physical details around

  • them.

  • They don't realize, "Oh, there's a cup over there.

  • Oh, my friend just walked by."

  • But if you are alert, you're noticing those things.

  • You might also say, "I'm detail-oriented."

  • You notice lots of little details or you might say, "I'm astute."

  • These are great things for a job interview.

  • "I'm detail-oriented.

  • I'm alert and astute."

  • This means that you will not forget little things because you are organized, you are

  • able to keep track of physical details.

  • Similar to alert, you might say, aware.

  • "I'm aware of my surroundings."

  • You're not lost in your head, you are aware.

  • Or you might be a realist.

  • A realist.

  • This is quite the opposite of somebody who's thinking about the meaning of life.

  • "Well, if I think about the meaning of life, I'm never going to really find out, so why

  • would I waste my time?"

  • A realist would say that.

  • So if you think that, you might be a realist or you might just be practical.

  • Practical and a realist are both quite similar.

  • You are practical.

  • You're not going to waste your time if you know that something won't be profitable or

  • won't be helpful.

  • "I don't think it's really helpful to contemplate the meaning of life.

  • I'm just practical."

  • This might be something you can use to describe you.

  • Let's go on to the next question.

  • Personality test.

  • Question number five.

  • When you want something, do you often not change your mind?

  • When you want something, do you often not change your mind?

  • Think about this.

  • Is that true for you?

  • You don't change your mind?

  • Or, "No, I changed my mind.

  • It's not so serious for me."

  • Think about this.

  • Three, two, one.

  • Let's imagine that you said, "Yes, it is true for me.

  • When I want something, I don't often change my mind."

  • What are some words we can use to describe you?

  • We could say, "You are diligent, you are motivated.

  • I want to study English.

  • I'm going to become fluent in English.

  • I'm going to feel more confident in English, and I will be diligent.

  • I will study every day.

  • I'm motivated.

  • I will study every day."

  • You want something and you are not going to be distracted.

  • These are positive expressions.

  • They're great for job interviews.

  • They're great general personality traits.

  • There's some negative ways to describe this as well, though.

  • You might be stubborn or we have a lovely idiom, stubborn as a mule, or we might say,

  • "You are headstrong."

  • Headstrong.

  • This means stubborn.

  • When you want something, you often refuse to think about other options.

  • "I want this.

  • I want this.

  • I want this.

  • I'm not going to think about other things.

  • I'm stubborn."

  • Or you might be adamant.

  • Adamant.

  • This means that you stick with your opinion.

  • Let's imagine that you are a teenager and your mom says, "I heard that you were drinking

  • beer with some friends behind the school."

  • And you say, "No, mom.

  • I wasn't doing that.

  • I don't know who you were talking with, but it wasn't me behind the school doing that."

  • And she says, "Well, I heard from this person that you were doing it", and you stick with

  • your opinion.

  • "No, it wasn't me.

  • It wasn't me.

  • There's no way that was me."

  • You are adamant, that that person was not you.

  • You are adamant about something.

  • This means that you refuse to change your story about something.

  • You are adamant.

  • You also might be opinionated.

  • You have opinions and you're not really afraid to share them.

  • This isn't necessarily a negative thing to be opinionated.

  • But of course, if you are opinionated, if you have strong opinions, especially if these

  • are opinions that are not shared with a lot of other people, it's great to be careful

  • about how you present them, about how you share them with other people, so that they

  • don't think that you are pushy.

  • Pushy is always a negative thing.

  • If you are opinionated, you need to talk about it in a specific way, so that you don't become

  • pushy.

  • Pushing your opinions on people.

  • You might be persistent.

  • This is similar to adamant, but it's in the negative way.

  • You are persistent.

  • "I wasn't drinking behind the school.

  • That wasn't me."

  • You are persistently keeping with the same opinion.

  • Persistent.

  • Or maybe you have a three-year-old and that three-year-old is asking for candy.

  • "Oh, I want candy.

  • Mom, I want candy.

  • I want candy."

  • That three-year-old is persistent.

  • They are wanting it and they're telling you again and again and again.

  • You might hear the word bossy.

  • "I'm bossy.

  • She's bossy.

  • He's bossy."

  • This is similar to persistent.

  • Adamant.

  • You're telling someone, "You should do this, you should do this.

  • You do this, you do this."

  • Like a boss, but usually if you're a good boss, you don't act like that.

  • You're much kinder, but we use the term bossy for people who have an opinion and they're

  • not willing to change it in this negative way.

  • What if you said the opposite thing to this question?

  • What if you said, "Actually, sometimes I do change my mind.

  • I don't always stick with exactly what I say I want every single time."

  • What are some other words we can use?

  • You could say, "I'm flexible, I'm compliant, I'm reasonable, I'm open-minded, I'm agreeable."

  • These are all positive things.

  • But what if we take this to an extreme?

  • You might say, "I'm submissive."

  • And this means that you never stand up for yourself.

  • To stand up for yourself means that you have something you want and you never tell other

  • people.

  • You are submissive.

  • Maybe too submissive or we can use a great expression.

  • "I often get walked on."

  • Get walked on.

  • If you have an opinion and you always change it depending on what other people want, we

  • can imagine that you are like a doormat.

  • This is the thing that you walk on to enter a house.

  • This is you.

  • People are always walking on you.

  • "I often get walked on."

  • Your desires, your needs often get forgotten because you don't stand up for yourself.

  • "I often get walked on."

  • You could say that about someone else.

  • "Yeah, he often gets walked on because he doesn't feel comfortable standing up for what

  • he wants.

  • He doesn't feel comfortable pushing what he wants, so he just gets walked on."

  • Let's go to the next question.

  • Question number six.

  • This is our final personality test question.

  • When people come over to your house, when guests come to your house, do they feel comfortable?

  • Do you go above and beyond what is necessary to take care of them?

  • This is a great expression.

  • Go above and beyond.

  • Maybe it's necessary to give them a glass of water.

  • Okay.

  • When a guest comes to your house, you say, "Sit on the couch.

  • Here's a glass of water."

  • But maybe you go above and beyond.

  • You do more than that, so that your guests feel comfortable.

  • Is that true for you?

  • Do your guests feel comfortable?

  • Do you do more than is necessary?

  • Think about that for a moment.

  • Is it true or not true for you?

  • Three, two, one.

  • Let's say that this is true for you, that you make your guests feel comfortable and

  • you do more than is necessary.

  • Let's talk about a lot of adjectives that we could use to describe you.

  • "You are hospitable.

  • Nice, friendly."

  • But here's a big warning.

  • If you come from France, Italy, Spain, Brazil, Portugal, these romantic language countries,

  • do not.

  • Warning, warning, warning.

  • Do not say, sympathetic.

  • You do not say, "He is sympathetic.

  • She is sympathetic."

  • This does not mean nice in English.

  • This is a false friend and I hear a lot of people say this.

  • Instead, in English, we do have the word sympathetic.

  • This means that maybe your brother lost his job.

  • And when you go over to his house, you bring him some flowers and you bring him a meal

  • and you sit down and talk with him, and you talk about that difficult, hard time in his

  • life.

  • Because, you are sympathetic to his difficulty.

  • We usually have a difficult situation happening and you didn't personally experience that

  • difficult thing, but you feel his difficulty.

  • You feel his pain.

  • You are sympathetic.

  • So here we're using it in a completely different sense than friendly.

  • Friendly just means, you're nice.

  • But if someone has a difficult situation, you are sympathetic to their problem.

  • You understand.

  • "Oh, I think my brother's really sad right now.

  • He's probably worried about the future."

  • You are understanding his difficult times.

  • I hope I explained this word as sympathetic, so that you do not use it and say, "Vanessa,

  • you are so sympathetic."

  • No, no, no, no, no.

  • Don't use that.

  • All right.

  • What are some other words we can use?

  • You could say, "I'm compassionate.

  • I'm considerate.

  • I'm generous."

  • This means you give maybe your time or your money to other people.

  • You could say, "I'm warm.

  • I'm warm-hearted."

  • This means that people feel this warm feeling when they're with you.

  • They feel like you're such a friendly person.

  • You could say, "I'm helpful.

  • I'm down to earth."

  • Down to earth is an expression that we use to mean you are relatable.

  • People feel like your life is not so different from theirs.

  • You often hear this word described with celebrities.

  • Celebrities, movie stars, they have lives that are much different than our own, so they

  • seem kind of untouchable.

  • So different.

  • But maybe there is one celebrity who relates to the problems of normal people.

  • Someone might say, "Oh yeah, she's really down to earth.

  • She's down to earth.

  • Her feet are on the earth.

  • She's down to earth."

  • Or you might say, "She's sincere.

  • She's genuine.

  • She's really her herself.

  • She's not faking it.

  • She's dependable or I am dependable."

  • Your friends know that they can depend on you.

  • What if you said no to this?

  • I imagine that you probably didn't say no to this about yourself, but you probably know

  • somebody like this, so let's talk about the opposite.

  • Someone who is maybe not so generous, not so considerate or so friendly.

  • Let's talk about the opposite.

  • Maybe you know someone who is unpleasant.

  • This is a little bit of a nicer way to say, "Ugh, they're so annoying.

  • They're such a terrible person."

  • You could just say, "Yeah, he's kind of unpleasant.

  • I don't really like working with him."

  • Unpleasant.

  • Or someone might be selfish.

  • They're not generous.

  • They don't like to go above and beyond.

  • They're kind of selfish.

  • Or maybe you know someone who is self-centered.

  • The world revolves around their life.

  • They are self-centered.

  • Their self is the center of the universe.

  • They're self-centered.

  • So how did you do?

  • How did you answer all of these six personality test questions?

  • I hope you wrote down some adjectives that you can use to describe yourself.

  • Write that sentence down in the comments.

  • But before we go, I'd like to share some extra material with you today.

  • You're going to see five native speakers.

  • They are three friends, plus my husband, plus me.

  • We're attempting to describe each other.

  • So I sat down with each of my friends individually and asked, "How would you describe this person?

  • How would you describe that person?"

  • I didn't tell them specifically to describe their personality or their character, but

  • you'll see that a lot of these people, they did describe their physical appearance a little

  • bit, but most of these descriptions had to do with their personality or character.

  • You're going to hear some of the words that we just talked about and maybe you'll hear

  • some new words as well.

  • Let's start with my friend Liz.

  • You're going to meet Liz, Heather, Lauren and Dan.

  • They're going to be describing each other.

  • Let's see what everyone has to say about Liz.

  • How do they describe Liz?

  • Let's watch.

  • Liz: Hi, I'm Liz.

  • Heather: Gosh.

  • Liz is witty and sarcastic to a fault.

  • Vanessa: I say so.

  • Heather: She's super inquisitive.

  • And very...

  • I'd say literate.

  • Vanessa: Yeah.

  • Heather: That is a very good description.

  • Vanessa: For sure.

  • That's something that I first recognized about Liz is, she's really inquisitive.

  • Heather: Yes.

  • Vanessa: She asks great questions.

  • Heather: She's curious about life.

  • Vanessa: Yeah.

  • Heather: Very much.

  • I would say she's adventurous for some things.

  • Like travel or things like that.

  • Not so much food.

  • I think that.

  • And she's very loyal.

  • Very loyal friend.

  • Lauren: Liz is very sarcastic and smart.

  • Quick-witted.

  • She's funny and she has nice pretty long brown hair.

  • Vanessa: That's true.

  • Dan: I would describe Liz as very curious.

  • Out of many people I know, not many people will ask you questions a lot.

  • When Liz asks you a question, she'll ask more and more questions, which I'm not hating on.

  • I think it's great.

  • She's also very assertive.

  • So whenever she has an opinion, she usually makes it very clear.

  • It's not hidden in any way.

  • She's also very friendly though, so the assertiveness doesn't get in the way of her friendliness.

  • Her friendliness shines through.

  • Vanessa: You just heard some amazing adjectives to

  • describe the wonderful person of Liz.

  • Let's go on to the second person.

  • You're going to meet Heather, and let's see how everyone describes Heather.

  • Heather: Hi, I'm Heather.

  • Liz: Heather is a short little person and she has

  • brown hair and amazing freckles.

  • And she's very creative, and she's an introvert.

  • She's a good painter.

  • She's very smart, she's well traveled.

  • Vanessa: Those are all true things.

  • Lauren: Heather is short like me.

  • And she's kind of got some...

  • She's dry-humored.

  • So, very subtle.

  • Also very smart and well traveled.

  • She's lived in lots of different places.

  • Dan: Heather.

  • Heather is very reserved.

  • Yet, when you get to know her, she's very fun-loving.

  • She's also very curious.

  • She's kind of geeky.

  • She likes Harry Potter and Star Wars and stuff like that.

  • But yeah, she's very fun.

  • And if you get together with her at a party, you're going to have a good time.

  • Vanessa: I hope you enjoyed those adjectives to describe

  • Heather.

  • Let's go on to Lauren.

  • How does everyone describe Lauren?

  • Lauren: Hi, I'm Lauren.

  • Liz: Lauren is also a short little person.

  • She's got blondish brown hair, a darker shade of blonde.

  • She has glasses.

  • She, to me is very businesslike.

  • And she likes to tell stories with a lot of details, which are always interesting.

  • Heather: Lauren is short with short hair, glasses.

  • And I think she's a geek.

  • Vanessa: Could you explain what you mean by geek?

  • Like about her interests?

  • Heather: Yes.

  • A little bit about her interests.

  • She's, like Liz, curious about different knowledge and stuff.

  • She loves Star Wars.

  • Vanessa: Harry Potter.

  • Heather: Exactly.

  • Vanessa: That kind of stuff.

  • Heather: Harry Potter.

  • Movies.

  • She's definitely a movie buff, and she can remember almost everything.

  • All these weird random details.

  • Vanessa: Her mind is like a steel trap.

  • Heather: Yes.

  • Vanessa: She knows everything.

  • Heather: Yeah.

  • I think she's also a very loyal friend and very caring.

  • Vanessa: Yeah.

  • Yeah.

  • I've been friends with her for 10 years.

  • And I feel like she is that kind of person.

  • Heather: Yes.

  • She makes an effort.

  • She makes an effort in her relationships, I think.

  • Vanessa: Yeah, that's a great quality.

  • Heather: Yeah, very much.

  • Yeah.

  • Dan: Lauren.

  • Lauren.

  • Lauren is very loyal, I would say.

  • When she's your friend, she's your friend for life.

  • She'll remember you and she's very detail oriented.

  • She'll remember all the details of your relationship.

  • I don't mean this in a bad way, I just mean there's always somebody in your life who gives

  • all those details about your life.

  • And she also knows a lot about...

  • From my perspective, a lot about pop culture.

  • She's always filling me in on the details and maybe I understand something that she

  • also understands, and we can have a funny conversation about that.

  • Usually Vanessa doesn't understand.

  • Vanessa: Yeah, I don't know much about pop culture.

  • So, Lauren is my window into this world.

  • She helps me to learn that stuff.

  • I hope you learned some great words with those explanations.

  • Let's go on to my husband, Dan, and see what everyone else has to say about Dan.

  • Dan: Hi, I'm Dan.

  • Liz: Dan.

  • Dan is so fun.

  • Dan is this tall, skinny ginger.

  • He's got very great, amazing red hair.

  • He always has a lot of energy.

  • I feel like he's always like, "I'm Dan."

  • Vanessa: He does have a lot of energy.

  • Liz: I feel like has a lot of strong opinions about

  • things, which I really like.

  • And he's married to you and has a baby.

  • Vanessa: That is true.

  • Those are all true facts.

  • Liz: I feel like he's very relaxed in some ways,

  • but also cares about details in other ways.

  • Which is kind of hard to describe, but it's true.

  • Vanessa: That is true.

  • Heather: Dan is a tall, skinny, redhead.

  • Vanessa: That is the first thing Liz said too.

  • Heather: I think he is very creative.

  • And I would probably describe him as adventurous, not afraid to take risks.

  • Inquisitive, opinionated.

  • I think he has opinions and he said his way, but I think he's also open for discussion.

  • Vanessa: Okay.

  • Lauren: Dan.

  • Oh, Dan.

  • Dan.

  • Vanessa: Other people said that too.

  • Dan.

  • Oh, Dan.

  • Lauren: Dan is thin and he has red hair.

  • Very red hair...

  • Lauren: ... thin, and he has red hair, very red hair,

  • and he can be kind of loud and enthusiastic.

  • That's a good word for Dan.

  • Vanessa: Enthusiastic, yeah.

  • Lauren: He's very intelligent too, and adventurous.

  • He's been to lots of different things, and learning.

  • He likes to learn.

  • Vanessa: Those are some great adjectives to describe

  • Dan.

  • Oops, I forgot to say that my friends are also going to describe me.

  • Here we go.

  • Liz: You, you're just so delightful.

  • That was my first word for you.

  • Vanessa: Oh, continue, continue.

  • Liz: Not just because you're in the room, but because

  • you are just delightful.

  • Vanessa: Oh, that's so nice.

  • Liz: You have a very effervescent personality.

  • Vanessa: Oh.

  • Liz: So I feel like you're very uplifting for other

  • people.

  • You bring a lot of joy to people.

  • I feel like you always seem like you have it together.

  • That's definitely my most overarching impression of you, is you have it together.

  • Vanessa: Oh.

  • Liz: You're also a very good host.

  • You're excellent with hospitality.

  • Vanessa: Oh, thank you.

  • Liz: Obviously, we share a love of reading.

  • Vanessa: Yes.

  • Liz: So I know that you're very well-read, and

  • I like that you get very interested in specific topics.

  • Vanessa: When I'm in a topic, I'm in.

  • Liz: Whenever we read a book, she's like, "I went

  • and did research and I found this out, and this and this, and it was just very interesting."

  • Vanessa: Uh-huh.

  • I think that's quite true, that when I'm interested in something, I'm really interested.

  • Liz: You go all the way.

  • Vanessa: Yeah, just go into it.

  • Yeah.

  • Well, thank you for your kind words.

  • Liz: Yes.

  • Heather: Vanessa.

  • Vanessa: Tell me what you think.

  • Heather: I think you're probably one of the kindest

  • people I've ever met.

  • Vanessa: Aw.

  • Heather: Yeah, I think you're just very genuinely nice.

  • Vanessa: Aw, thanks.

  • That's really sweet.

  • Heather: You could prove me wrong.

  • Vanessa: You know when you're not around, Heather,

  • I'm evil.

  • Heather: I think you're also very inquisitive and very

  • literate.

  • Vanessa: Mm-hmm, I like to read.

  • Heather: Yeah, I think you're very curious about the

  • world, and people like Liz.

  • I think where you and Dan fit well together is he seems super creative, comes up with

  • ideas, but you're very good at implementing ideas.

  • I think you're good at keeping people on task.

  • Vanessa: Okay, like focusing on the point.

  • Heather: Yes.

  • Vanessa: Yeah, I ...

  • Heather: I think yeah.

  • I think you need that.

  • You run your own business, so I think that is a good quality.

  • Vanessa: Yeah, got to be able to focus.

  • Heather: Yes, exactly.

  • Vanessa: That's great.

  • Heather: I think you are very good at having fun, but

  • also getting the work done.

  • Vanessa: Being serious when I need to be serious.

  • Heather: Yes, exactly.

  • Lauren: Vanessa is kind, and warm, and likes to learn

  • as well, well-traveled also, and you have pretty brown hair too.

  • Vanessa: Thank you.

  • Dan: Vanessa.

  • Vanessa: No pressure.

  • I'm your wife.

  • I'm sitting right-

  • Dan: Number one adjective is wonderful.

  • Vanessa: Oh, thank you.

  • Dan: Vanessa is probably the nicest person on earth.

  • Vanessa: Oh.

  • Dan: And by nicest, I mean also just sincere.

  • She's always very sincere, very caring, very curious, always sincerely interested in most

  • people's topics, like I'll hear even a boring person say something, and she'll be like,

  • "Oh, wow, very interesting," and I don't think she's making it up either.

  • I think she's seriously very interested.

  • Vanessa: Yeah.

  • Yeah, life is interesting.

  • Everyone has something interesting if you listen close enough.

  • Dan: Yes.

  • Yeah, she's also very fun, very fun-loving.

  • You can do a lot with her.

  • Obviously.

  • I like Vanessa a lot, because I decided to marry her.

  • Vanessa: I'm glad you like me a lot.

  • Dan: We get along very well and I like, hmm, yeah,

  • about 99% of Vanessa.

  • Vanessa: Congratulations, you just learned almost 100

  • words to talk about personality in English.

  • Next, let's focus on body expressions.

  • You're going to learn 100 body expressions, level up your English, and be able to express

  • yourself completely.

  • Let's watch.

  • Let's get started by talking about the top of our head and working down to our feet.

  • Let's start with the head.

  • There's a lot of words to talk about.

  • This is my head.

  • We have a great idiom that goes along with this, which is off the top of my head, I couldn't

  • tell you how far the Earth is from the moon.

  • Off the top of my head, this means without doing research, just having the knowledge

  • in my head.

  • Off the top of my head, sorry, I couldn't tell you.

  • I don't know.

  • Off the top of my head, I have no clue.

  • What's on my head?

  • It's hair.

  • We could say I have brown hair, or I am a brunette.

  • This is most often used for women.

  • You could say it for men, but brunette is most often used for women, or we could say

  • he has blonde hair.

  • She or he is a blonde, or he has red hair.

  • He's a redhead, or we sometimes say he's a ginger.

  • Sometimes people who have red hair don't like this expression.

  • My husband is a ginger, and he doesn't care.

  • This expression is fine with him, so maybe just listen out for it, or you could just

  • say he's a redhead.

  • He has red hair, or you might have black hair.

  • Under your hair, we have your scalp.

  • Your scalp is the skin under your hair.

  • Then moving down, we have your forehead.

  • Forehead.

  • Then we have your eyebrows, your eyebrows, your eyelids, and your eyelashes.

  • I want to take a quick note for my Asian followers.

  • In the Asian world, it is somewhat common to talk about some different terms for your

  • eyelids.

  • When I lived in South Korea, I heard my Korean coworkers when they were speaking in English,

  • I heard them use the terms monolid and double eyelid in their English conversations, but

  • I just want to let you know that this concept is relatively unknown to most of the English-speaking

  • world.

  • This is something that's much more common in the Asian part of the world, so if you

  • were to have a conversation with someone in English and you said, "Yeah, he has a monolid

  • or a double eyelid," most other people in the Western world are not familiar with this

  • concept, so we just call this the eyelid.

  • These are my eyelids.

  • My eyelids and my eyelashes protect my eyes.

  • My eyes.

  • That's a great idiom we sometimes use, don't roll your eyes at me.

  • Have you ever done that?

  • Have you ever done that to your parents?

  • If you have rolled your eyes at your parents, they most likely said to you, "Don't roll

  • your eyes at me."

  • This is a common phrase that parents say to their children, don't roll your eyes at me.

  • That's rolling your eyes.

  • Under my eyes, I have my cheeks.

  • My cheeks.

  • Babies have cute cheeks that we love to pinch, cheeks, and moving over here are my ears.

  • My ears, so these are my ears, but this is my ear lobe.

  • Some people have a pierced ear lobe, so I do.

  • These are pierced ears, and my ear lobe is pierced.

  • There's another idiom we use, which is I'm all ears.

  • If you have a suggestion for a YouTube video that you'd like me to make, I'm all ears.

  • This means I'm willing to listen.

  • I'm interested in what you have to say.

  • I'm all ears.

  • I have no mouth, no nose, no eyes.

  • I'm all ears.

  • I'm going to listen very carefully.

  • Then we have my nose.

  • This is called the bridge of your nose, and these are my nostrils.

  • My nostrils.

  • Under my nose is my mouth.

  • This is the general word for this area, but there's a lot of specific words to talk about

  • these parts, so let's talk about it.

  • My mouth, my lips are on the outside, my lips, and when I open my mouth, there are my gums.

  • The skin on the inside of my mouth is my gums, and then there's my teeth, and my tongue.

  • There are some fun idioms we can talk about with the mouth.

  • Let's say that you tell your friend that you're going to have a surprise birthday party for

  • your sister.

  • Your friend might say, "Oh, don't worry, I won't tell her.

  • My lips are sealed."

  • That means you can't open your mouth.

  • My lips are sealed.

  • The secret is safe with me.

  • It's a great expression to let the other person know, don't worry, I'm not telling anyone.

  • My lips are sealed.

  • What do you do with your mouth?

  • You eat.

  • If you love sweet things, maybe you have a sweet tooth.

  • This doesn't mean just one of your teeth is sweet, but this just means I love sweet foods.

  • I have a sweet tooth, so I have to keep sweets out of my house, or else I'll just eat them

  • all the time.

  • I have a sweet tooth.

  • Before we move on to the rest of the upper body, let's talk about one more idiom about

  • your tongue.

  • This expression is extremely useful for English learners.

  • What if I said to you, "Oh, what's the name of that movie with the pirate?

  • Oh, it's on the tip of my tongue"?

  • Oh, do you get the idea that I know the movie, I just can't think about it right now?

  • The name of the movie with a pirate is right there.

  • It's on the tip of my tongue, I just can't get it out.

  • Oh, I just can't remember.

  • What's the name of that movie with the pirate?

  • Oh, it's on the tip of my tongue.

  • So if there is a word that you don't remember in English, you might say, "Oh yeah, the skin

  • in your mouth.

  • Oh, Vanessa talked about that.

  • Oh, it's on the tip of my tongue.

  • I forget what that word is."

  • Oh, well, first of all, you remembered this idiom.

  • That's great, and just to let you know, it's your gums, your gums.

  • But this is a great expression to use is when you know you know a word, you just can't remember

  • it.

  • Under your mouth, we have your chin.

  • Your chin.

  • If I told you, "Keep your chin up, things will get better."

  • Keep your chin up.

  • This is an encouraging statement that you can use to say, "You can do it.

  • Keep going.

  • I know that it's tough right now, but find some positivity in this tough time.

  • Keep your chin up.

  • You can do it."

  • Great encouragement.

  • Under your chin, we have your neck.

  • Your neck.

  • And another wonderful idiom, what if I said for you, "I stuck my neck out for her because

  • I felt like she did the right thing, and she needed some support."

  • I stuck my neck out for her.

  • You're not literally sticking your neck out for her, but this has to do with the idea

  • that you are supporting someone, even though you might face some criticism.

  • Your head is very important to your body, right?

  • This is a really valuable part of your body, so when you stick your neck out, you are putting

  • your head in a vulnerable position.

  • You're sticking your neck out.

  • You're not keeping it close to you, so that's the idea of this idiom.

  • When you support someone, even though you might face some criticism, you could say I

  • stuck my neck out for her.

  • Sometimes we use this if we regret it later.

  • Man, I stuck my neck out for her, and she just didn't appreciate it at all.

  • I stuck my neck out for her.

  • I tried to support her even though it wasn't the popular thing to do, and now I regret

  • it.

  • She didn't care at all, and it wasn't really helpful.

  • Finally, for your head, we can say your face.

  • All of this right here is your face.

  • Have you ever had a pretty rotten morning, things just didn't go well, but when you walked

  • into the office, you couldn't be grumpy, you couldn't be in a bad mood?

  • You had to put on a face.

  • This implies that things are going poorly, but you have to pretend like everything's

  • fine.

  • Sometimes we say, "I had to put on a happy face when I walked into the office," or we

  • could cut out the word happy completely and just say, "I had to put on a face in front

  • of the clients, even though I had just gotten yelled at by my boss.

  • I wanted to cry, but I just had to put on a face when I talked with the clients."

  • This is kind of a tough thing to do, but we all have to do it in lots of situations in

  • life.

  • Maybe you have to put on a face.

  • All right, let's go to the next section, which is not your head, which is your upper body.

  • Now, let's talk about the upper body.

  • The upper body.

  • These are my shoulders.

  • My shoulders.

  • If I'm angry at someone, I might give them the cold shoulder.

  • The cold shoulder is never good.

  • That means that you ignore someone, you don't talk with them, and you show them that you

  • are angry by giving them the cold shoulder.

  • You might not actually turn your body like this, but that's the expression we use.

  • He gave me the cold shoulder after I told him what was going on.

  • Below your shoulders is your chest, your chest, and this is the socially acceptable word for

  • men and for women to talk about this area.

  • We often use the term I just have to get something off my chest.

  • If there is a weight on your chest, it's a burden.

  • It is not a good situation, but when you get something off your chest, you tell someone

  • something important.

  • Maybe you've been keeping in a secret and you finally can tell someone that you love

  • that secret.

  • I just have to get something off my chest.

  • I love you.

  • I've been wanting to tell you this for so long.

  • I love you.

  • Oh, it feels good to say it.

  • I'm free now.

  • That's the idea of getting something off your chest.

  • Under your shoulders, we have your armpits.

  • Your armpits, and they are connected to your arms.

  • Your arms.

  • If you have to twist someone's arm to get them to do something, you had to work really

  • hard to convince them.

  • I had to twist my husband's arm to get a cat, but he finally said yes, and now he loves

  • that cat.

  • That's actually not true.

  • He wanted to get a cat.

  • He had to twist my arm to get a cat.

  • It means I had to convince him to get a cat, and now we have one.

  • Wonderful.

  • On your arm there is your elbow.

  • Your elbow.

  • Sometimes we say I need some elbow room, some elbow room.

  • If you're cooking and all your kids are in the kitchen and everyone's moving around,

  • you might say, "Hey guys, I need some elbow room.

  • I'm trying to cook here.

  • Can you guys just give me some space?"

  • That means I need some room, some elbow room.

  • Attached to your arm, your elbow, is your wrist.

  • Your wrist.

  • This is the joint here, your wrist.

  • When I was in high school, I broke my wrist.

  • It was literally and figuratively a pain, and then I have my hand, my hands.

  • When you give someone a hand, you help them.

  • Hey, can you give me a hand?

  • This box is really heavy.

  • I need some help picking it up.

  • Hey, can you give me a hand and read over this report?

  • I want to make sure I said it right.

  • Give me a hand.

  • On my hand, I have my palm.

  • My palm.

  • That's the bottom of your hand, and I have five fingers.

  • Each of my fingers has a knuckle.

  • My thumb has one knuckle.

  • Notice the K is silent, but my other fingers have two knuckles.

  • Knuckles.

  • You might see in a movie, we don't really use this in daily conversation, hopefully

  • not too much, but you might see in a movie someone say, "Do you want me to give you a

  • knuckle sandwich," and that means do you want me to punch you, because your knuckles are

  • like this and it's a knuckle sandwich.

  • Hopefully you don't use that a lot in daily life, but you might hear it in a movie and

  • now you'll understand it.

  • Each of my fingers has a fingerprint and a fingernail.

  • A fingernail.

  • We have different names for each of our fingers.

  • Do you know what they are?

  • This is my pinky finger.

  • Sometimes we say my little finger, but almost always do we say my pinky finger.

  • My ring finger, and that's because we often put our wedding bands on this finger, my ring

  • finger.

  • My middle finger.

  • In the West, maybe in other places as well, it's very rude to show only your middle finger.

  • That means eff you.

  • I'm so angry at you.

  • Here's my middle finger, so be careful not to do that.

  • Do not point with your middle finger.

  • Instead, point with your pointer.

  • That's what this finger is called.

  • Point with your pointer.

  • Then we have your thumb.

  • Your thumb.

  • All right, so we've talked about the hand, the arm, your chest.

  • Sometimes we talk about this as your chest area, especially if we're being a little bit

  • vague with women.

  • You might say, "Oh, there's something on your chest area."

  • Maybe there's a stain on your shirt, but you don't want to point.

  • You don't want to be rude.

  • You might just say, "Oh, there's something on your chest area."

  • It's not talking about your skin.

  • It's just in this general area, so that's a very polite way to talk about this.

  • We sometimes use the term collarbone for this bone here.

  • My collarbone.

  • Oh, yeah, I just slammed into a drawer and I hit my collarbone.

  • It really hurts.

  • This is my collarbone.

  • Sometimes schools will have a dress code that says you need to cover your collarbone, so

  • that's what they're talking about.

  • In your chest area, we have your ribs.

  • Your ribs, that's the bones here.

  • Sometimes we use the more technical term your rib cage.

  • Your rib cage.

  • I bruised a rib.

  • Oh, that hurts my ribs.

  • Oh, it hurts my ribs to laugh so much.

  • This is your ribs.

  • Below your ribs, you have your belly button.

  • If you are human, you have a belly button.

  • This is what connected you with your mother when you were in the womb.

  • You have a belly button, and this area is usually called your stomach, but sometimes

  • we call it your belly.

  • This is especially for children.

  • Oh, your belly hurts.

  • Oh, this is my belly.

  • But we often use an idiom that uses another word, and that is your gut.

  • Technically, your gut is inside you.

  • That's like your intestines and your organs inside you.

  • We're not going to get to that.

  • That's too detailed right now.

  • But we sometimes use the phrase, trust your gut.

  • This doesn't mean that you are using your rational brain.

  • You're just trusting your instincts.

  • If you thought, "Should I join Vanessa's course or not?

  • Well, this is how much money it is.

  • This is what I saw on the website.

  • No, I'm just going to trust my gut.

  • I know Vanessa is a nice teacher, and I think it will be useful.

  • I'm going to join the course."

  • Great.

  • Well, you can join The Fearless Fluency Club here.

  • Trust your gut.

  • That means I'm just going to trust my instincts and do it.

  • All right, let's move on from the head, the upper body, and talk about the lower body.

  • All right, now let's talk about the lower body.

  • These are my hips.

  • My hips, and if you want to talk about this area in a polite daily conversation-type way,

  • we often just say private parts.

  • This is something that's common for children to say, and I think this is something that's

  • common for adults to say as well.

  • Of course, we don't usually talk about this area in the workplace just in general, but

  • if you are going to use a polite term, we would say private parts.

  • We sometimes use the word crotch, but this is a mainly for men, and it's mainly used

  • to say, "Hey, don't hit me in the crotch."

  • Of course, talking about this area is not professional, so in the workplace, of course,

  • none of these words apply, but in daily conversation those are words you'll definitely hear, and

  • they're not considered rude.

  • You'll also hear the term groin used, and this specifically has to do with the muscles

  • on the inside of your legs, like in this picture, and it's most commonly used to talk about

  • when you hurt your groin.

  • You might say, "Oh, I pulled my groin when I was doing yoga yesterday."

  • It's used to talk about maybe some kind of pain.

  • If you go to the doctor, you can use that term to talk about the muscles on the inside

  • of your leg.

  • I know that's a little technical, but you will use this and hear this in daily conversation.

  • Oh, I pulled my groin and now it hurts to walk.

  • Next, let's talk about your legs.

  • This is my leg and my knee.

  • My leg and my knee, and here is my butt.

  • This is the most general term that we use, but sometimes we use backside to be a little

  • more polite.

  • For my kids, we use the word bum.

  • Wipe your bum.

  • Don't put your bum on the table.

  • We use those terms to be a little more indirect, but the most general term you're going to

  • hear is butt.

  • We often also use thigh to talk about the upper part of your leg.

  • My thigh.

  • Oh, I bumped my thigh on the table and it really hurts.

  • Your thigh.

  • Then below your knee, notice that the K is silent, below your knee is your shin.

  • Your shin.

  • This is also a little bit of a technical term, but we often use shin when we're going to

  • the doctor and saying, "Ah, yeah, I just really have some shooting pains in my shin and I

  • don't know what it is."

  • This bone in the front is your shin.

  • Behind your shin is your calf.

  • Your calf.

  • Now strangely enough, this is also the word for a baby cow.

  • A baby cow is a calf.

  • Notice the L is silent, but this muscle here, back here, is your calf.

  • My calves are really sore after going on that hike.

  • My calves are so sore.

  • Then we have your foot.

  • Your foot.

  • Just like the hand, the foot has a lot of parts as well.

  • We can talk about your ankle.

  • Your ankle is the bone here.

  • Don't twist your ankle.

  • That hurts a lot.

  • For your toes, we don't have a name for every individual toe.

  • Maybe doctors do.

  • I imagine doctors do, but in daily life we just say your big toe and your little toe.

  • The other toes are important, but we don't have a specific name for them, so it's your

  • big toe and your little toe.

  • Then we have underneath your foot is called the foot arch, and sometimes we say the arch

  • of my foot.

  • The arch of my foot hurts after walking for 10 hours yesterday.

  • My foot arch hurts, or the arch of my foot.

  • The back of your foot here is called the heel.

  • The heel.

  • Notice the spelling is different than to heal, the verb, so this is with two E's.

  • Heel.

  • I hurt my heel and I hope it heals soon.

  • That's your heel.

  • What would it mean if I said, "I have a new job starting tomorrow and I'm going to put

  • my best foot forward and be prepared for my job"?

  • To put your best foot forward doesn't really mean that one of your feet is better than

  • the other.

  • It just means I'm going to do my best.

  • I'm going to do everything I can to make sure that there is success.

  • I'm going to put my best foot forward.

  • I'm going to wear professional clothes.

  • I'm going to be in the right mindset.

  • I'm going to get a good night's sleep the night before.

  • I'm going to put my best foot forward.

  • Excellent expression.

  • Congratulations on leveling up your vocabulary so that you can express yourself completely.

  • Next, let's move on to grammar.

  • You are going to be focusing on five important grammar concepts that will help you be able

  • to say what you want to say, but also understand other people when they use these advanced

  • grammatical constructions in their speech.

  • It's very important for speaking and for understanding.

  • Let's get started.

  • Let's get started with the first grammar concept, the difference between get to and have to,

  • so that you're not rude and you can speak politely in English.

  • Let's watch.

  • I'm in beautiful, sunny Costa Rica.

  • Usually I don't film these videos outside, so I'm sorry if there's some wind.

  • You're going to hear some birds, some trees rustling.

  • It's all part of nature, right?

  • Hopefully it will help you to relax and enjoy today's lesson.

  • We're going to be talking about how to describe your vacation in English.

  • Usually vacations have positive parts and sometimes negative parts as well, so I hope

  • that the expressions we talk about today will help you to naturally describe it, and also

  • I'm going to show you a little bit around the farm so you'll get some real practice

  • with these expressions.

  • The two expressions that we're going to talk about today are to get to do something and

  • to have to do something.

  • Today, you're going to get to guess some of the wonderful vegetation that's around me

  • on this farm.

  • I'm going to take you on a little tour throughout this lesson, and I want you to guess what

  • the different plants are.

  • Let's talk about that first expression, to get to do something.

  • This expression has a sense of honor, of privilege, kind of a sense of, wow, I get to be in this

  • beautiful nature.

  • Wow, I'm so privileged.

  • I feel honored to be here.

  • You could just use the simple past or the simple present.

  • I am in beautiful nature, but if we want to give a sense of honor, privilege, wow, I'm

  • so lucky to be here, we can use get to.

  • I get to be in this beautiful nature.

  • What about that second expression, to have to do something?

  • Well, in order to get to this farm, we had to drive on some difficult roads.

  • They weren't always paved.

  • There were a lot of potholes.

  • They were really windy.

  • We had to drive on difficult roads.

  • When we use had to, which is the past version of have to, this has a sense of something

  • difficult, something undesirable.

  • I had to take out the trash.

  • I had to study for my exam.

  • It's something that's a little bit of a burden, so here we have a positive expression, I get

  • to see beautiful nature.

  • We got to see amazing iguanas on the trail, or something negative, we had to drive on

  • some difficult roads to get here.

  • We had to pay $15 to get into the park.

  • Before I tell you a little story about my experience here in Costa Rica, let's go to

  • our first question where you get to guess some of the plants around the farm.

  • All right, first quiz question.

  • We have this beautiful tree with these interesting things hanging down.

  • Can you guess what this is?

  • What kind of plant is this?

  • You've got three seconds.

  • Three, two, one.

  • It is cacao.

  • This is the outside seed, the outside pod, where you'll find chocolate.

  • I hope you enjoyed that first little quiz question.

  • There's going to be three different quiz questions throughout this lesson.

  • Let me tell you a little story about the first night that we arrived in this city.

  • When we got to the farm, the farmer helped us to find the house that we were staying

  • at.

  • It's a little bungalow, a little cabin on his property, and when he tried to open the

  • gate, he couldn't open it.

  • He tried one key, then he tried another, and he ran back to his farm, and we had to wait

  • for about 15 minutes while he looked for the key.

  • Then he came back with a key.

  • He was so excited.

  • He tried to open the gate, and it didn't work.

  • Well, he said, "You're probably going to have to wait for another hour while we work out

  • this problem with the key."

  • For a moment, I was just a little bit worried, because we have a toddler, and we'd been driving

  • all day, so we wanted to just open the door and let him run free finally, but then he

  • said to us, "Well, we have a dinner available at our eating area.

  • Would you like to be our guest for dinner?"

  • Yes, of course we would, so we got to have an amazing dinner at the farm.

  • We had some rice, and beans, and plantains, and chicken, and some guava juice, all produced

  • on the farm.

  • It was our luck really, that we got to eat that dinner with them, because we had no plans

  • for dinner.

  • We were kind of worried what we were going to eat, because we just arrived here after

  • a long day of traveling.

  • Because of this problem with the key, he had to find the key somehow, somewhere, we got

  • to have a great experience.

  • Before we talk about the grammatical structure of get to and have to, let's go on to the

  • second quiz question.

  • Vanessa: The second quiz question.

  • Quiz question number two.

  • We've got these interesting plants here with these little flowers.

  • What do you think these flowers will do someday when they're not flowers?

  • What would they become?

  • What will this plant produce?

  • Something quite important that probably a lot of you enjoy every day.

  • Let's take a look at these.

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • Three, two, one.

  • It's coffee.

  • This is a coffee plant.

  • The farm here has a lot of coffee.

  • As you saw, also cacao, and we'll see a third one in just a moment.

  • Did you enjoy that second quiz question?

  • I hope so.

  • Let's talk about the grammatical structure of using "get" and "have" in the sense of

  • something positive or something negative happening.

  • We got to eat dinner on the farm.

  • He had to look for the key.

  • Here, we're conjugating that special word, "get" and "have," into the past tense.

  • And do you see what's happening after that?

  • We got to eat.

  • Make sure that you add "to" and then an unconjugated verb.

  • We got to eat.

  • He had to look for the key.

  • Beautiful.

  • Now that you know how to correctly grammatically construct a sentence using "get to" and "have

  • to," let's go onto our third quiz question, and then I'll tell you a final story about

  • our trip using these beautiful expressions.

  • For our third quiz question, it's quite obvious.

  • So I want to show you the base of the tree first.

  • And as we go up the tree, start thinking about what is it.

  • What is this going to produce?

  • Here we can see a little flower hanging down.

  • What is it?

  • What is it?

  • Are you ready to guess?

  • Three, two, one.

  • It's bananas.

  • So beautiful.

  • I didn't know that so many grew in a bunch like that.

  • It's wonderful.

  • I hope you enjoyed that third quiz question in this little mini tour of the farm.

  • It's really nice to see nature in other areas around the world.

  • Now that you know what "get to" and "have to" mean, and you know the correct grammatical

  • structure, let me tell you another quick story about something that we did today and something

  • that we plan to do in the future so that you can see the different verb tenses, "forget"

  • and "have."

  • This morning, we got to see an amazing waterfall.

  • It's one of the famous attractions of this area in Costa Rica.

  • But to get to the waterfall, you have to walk down 500 steps.

  • And then to go back to your car, you have to walk up 500 steps.

  • But it was really cool because we got to see the waterfall, and then we walked a little

  • bit down the path and we got to really relax and feel refreshed and wade into the water.

  • It was quite cold.

  • There were a lot of fish.

  • It was tons of fun.

  • And a great part was we didn't have to drive too far from the farm.

  • It was just about 15 minutes, so not too bad.

  • Over the next couple days, we hope that we'll get to see some more animals, maybe some sloths,

  • maybe some more monkeys and more iguanas, maybe an anteater or two, some parrots, maybe

  • some macaws.

  • That would be amazing if we get to see those.

  • So we're going to go to national park, and then we're going to maybe get to go to a hanging

  • bridge park.

  • Maybe we'll get to go to the lake.

  • We'll see.

  • But you have to drive a little bit of a distance, maybe 30 minutes, an hour, an hour and a half

  • to get to those locations, but I think it'll be worth it.

  • We've already gotten to do a lot of cool stuff in Costa Rica, and I hope that we'll get to

  • do other cool things in the next couple days.

  • Great work.

  • I hope you enjoyed my little vacation to Costa Rica during that lesson.

  • The next grammar lesson is going to be focusing on an advanced grammar sentence construction

  • that I rarely see English learners use, but native speakers use this all the time.

  • I want to help you level up your speaking skills.

  • Let's watch.

  • Do you remember learning comparisons in your English classroom?

  • Like this sentence, "His bike is faster than my bike."

  • The word "faster" is a comparison word.

  • Or, "Her English is better than it was last year."

  • "Better" is our comparison word.

  • That picture is more beautiful than mine.

  • "More beautiful" are our comparison words.

  • When we have a short word like fast, hot, easy, green, we're just going to add "-er,"

  • faster, easier, hotter, greener.

  • But when you have a longer word like that last sentence, beautiful or intelligent or

  • annoying, instead of adding "-er," we're just going to add "more" or "less."

  • More beautiful, more intelligent, more annoying, less beautiful, less intelligent, less annoying.

  • So these are our two ways that we can make comparisons just as a quick review because

  • that's going to be essential for taking it to the next level in our advanced sentence

  • structure.

  • Let's take a look at this sentence, "The warmer it is, the happier I feel."

  • Can you pick out the two comparison words here?

  • Warmer, happier.

  • We can see that "-er" at the end is kind of a key to this.

  • The warmer it is, the happier I feel.

  • Right now, it's the middle of winter where I live, but occasionally, every couple weeks,

  • there will be one day that feels like spring, and everyone in my city goes outside and jumps

  • for joy, and all of that sadness from winter just washes away because when it feels warm

  • outside, you feel great, you feel so happy.

  • So we could use this sentence, "The warmer it is, the happier I feel."

  • We're comparing two things, but let's take a look at actually what's happening here.

  • We have those two comparison words, but what's happening right before that?

  • It's the word "the."

  • The warmer it is, the happier I feel.

  • So that's going to be our key here for structuring these sentences.

  • At the beginning, we have some kind of cause.

  • The cause is warm weather.

  • And what's the effect?

  • I feel happy.

  • So we have a cause and effect happening here.

  • The warmer it is, the happier I feel.

  • Let's take a look at some other examples.

  • The richer the person, the more annoying he is.

  • This is just personal opinion.

  • So here we have two comparison words, "richer" and "more annoying."

  • Because the word "annoying" is a longer word, we're going to use "more" in front of it instead

  • of saying "annoyinger."

  • We're not going to add "-er" at the end.

  • And then we have that keyword, "the."

  • The richer the person is, or the richer the person, the more annoying he is.

  • What about this one?

  • The sweeter the dessert, the more delicious it is.

  • "The sweeter," that's our comparison word, "the more delicious," that's our other comparison

  • word, "it is."

  • And we have "the" in front of both of those.

  • So we have a cause and an effect.

  • The dessert is sweet.

  • And what's the effect?

  • It's more delicious.

  • We have a cause, someone is rich, and an effect, he's more annoying.

  • So we have a cause and effect happening here with this wonderful advanced comparison.

  • Are you ready to take this to the next level?

  • You probably already know how to make comparison words, but what if we make this advanced concept

  • more advanced?

  • Often when we use "the," "the" sentence structure, like we've been talking about, we don't use

  • that comparison word.

  • We just use the word "more" or "less," plus a noun afterwards.

  • Let's take a look at this example.

  • The more you eat, the more you gain weight.

  • "The more," that's our comparison.

  • So we're not actually using a word like "the warmer" or "the more beautiful" or "the more

  • annoying."

  • We're not using those words.

  • Instead, we're just saying, "The more," plus a noun, "you."

  • The more you eat, the more you gain weight.

  • Let's look at a couple others.

  • The less I sleep, the less I can focus on my work.

  • We can use "more" or "less" in these situations.

  • "The less I," that's our noun here, "I sleep, the less I can focus on my work."

  • The more I speak English, the more I feel comfortable.

  • Do you see in all of these sentences, we're just expanding on what you already know.

  • You know about comparisons, now you know that we need "the" in front of each of them, and

  • then we're adding "more" or "less."

  • The more I speak English, the more I feel comfortable.

  • We could switch that around and say, "the more comfortable I feel."

  • There's a couple different ways you can use this, but this is going to be beautifully

  • advanced to talk about cause and effect, and we use this all the time.

  • In fact, there are a couple fixed phrases.

  • They're not exactly proverbs or idioms, but they're just fixed phrases that native speakers

  • use a lot that include this "the," "the" sentence structure.

  • Let's take a look at a couple.

  • Someone might ask you, "How do you like your coffee?"

  • Well, you could say, "The stronger the better."

  • This means you don't like cream in it, you don't like sugar in it, you just want a lot

  • of caffeine.

  • Black coffee that's really strong with a lot of caffeine.

  • The stronger the better.

  • This is often used to talk about drinks.

  • You could even use it to talk about an alcoholic drink.

  • Do you want rum or vodka?

  • You might say, "I want both.

  • The stronger the better."

  • So you're talking about the strength of the drink.

  • The other day, I was having a bonfire in my backyard and I invited a family, and they

  • said, "Hey, can I invite my other friends?"

  • And I said, "The more the merrier."

  • This is a really common "the," "the" type of fixed sentence.

  • The more people who come, the merrier.

  • This is kind of a old-fashioned word to mean happy.

  • The happier we will be.

  • But in that fixed sentence structure, we do use the word "merrier" in daily conversation.

  • The more the merrier.

  • Sure, come on.

  • Or if you're having a problem at work and you're talking with your coworker, saying,

  • "Should we tell our boss about this problem?"

  • Well, your coworker might say, "Well, the less said, the better."

  • The less said to our boss, the better the outcome or maybe the better for your boss

  • or the better for the situation.

  • The less said, the better.

  • The final common fixed phrase is one that procrastinators probably hear a lot.

  • Let's imagine that you need to study English or you want to study English, but you've looked

  • at your phone, you went for a walk, you called your friends, and then your husband says,

  • "Are you going to study your English lesson today?"

  • He might also say, "You know, the sooner you start, the sooner you finish."

  • That phrase, "the sooner," "the sooner," is used a lot.

  • The sooner you begin exercising, the sooner you'll feel better.

  • The sooner you do something, if you do something now, you'll see the results quicker.

  • You'll see them sooner.

  • So we often use this.

  • And the sooner you start, the sooner you finish, or the sooner you'll see the results.

  • Now I'd like to share a quick conversation dialogue with you that uses this advanced

  • sentence structure a lot.

  • I challenge you, after this lesson, go back and try to say those sentences with us.

  • That's going to train your speaking muscles, help with your pronunciation, and also remind

  • you how to use this because you're using it yourself.

  • I've been feeling kind of down lately, but I'm not sure why.

  • Dan: Have you been working too much again?

  • Vanessa: Well, I go to work at 6:00 AM and finish at

  • 8:00 PM, but that's fine with me.

  • Dan: Whoa, that's a long time.

  • Maybe the more you work, the more stressed you feel.

  • Vanessa: I don't know, I guess I have neglected to

  • see my friends lately.

  • Dan: Yeah, the more you see your friends, the more

  • positive you'll feel.

  • Vanessa: Yeah.

  • I do feel kind of lonely.

  • The less I do outside of work, the less connected I feel to them.

  • Yeah, maybe I have been working too much.

  • Dan: I'd say so.

  • Vanessa: In fact, the more I tell you about my work

  • life, the more I realize I need balance.

  • Dan: Yeah.

  • The more work, the more stress.

  • Vanessa: Yeah, the more down I feel.

  • Dan: But the more time with friends, the happier,

  • the more connected.

  • Vanessa: The more encouraged, but also the poorer.

  • Dan: What?

  • The poorer?

  • Vanessa: Yeah, because I would be spending money instead

  • of making money.

  • Dan: Don't worry about that.

  • The more money you make, the more you can spend.

  • Let's go have fun.

  • Vanessa: Okay, you convinced me.

  • Let's go.

  • Great work leveling up your speaking skills.

  • The next grammar lesson focuses on two tricky words, "do" versus "make."

  • You will join me in the woods again in nature.

  • Sometimes this helps make grammar a little more fun, where you're going to learn some

  • important expressions that can help you learn the difference between "do" and "make" in

  • your daily conversations.

  • Let's watch.

  • We use "do" for specific tasks, some obligations, or repetitive activities.

  • I need to do some housework.

  • This is an obligation, a duty, to do some housework.

  • We use "make" for creating or producing something.

  • I need to make some soup.

  • I'm creating the soup.

  • Today, we're going to be in two different locations, one in the woods and one by the

  • stream, so that you can visually remember the difference between these two words.

  • I hope that it will just add to this experience so that you can enjoy the lesson and also

  • remember these words.

  • But this can be tricky because cooking meals is kind of an obligation or a duty, right?

  • I hope that by talking about some specific expressions with both of these words, it'll

  • help you to remember them, but also it'll help you to keep those words together.

  • If you hear "make soup," "make soup," "make soup" a lot, your brain will keep these two

  • words together.

  • It's kind of like when you were first starting to learn English, you never heard "I were

  • happy."

  • You always heard "I was happy."

  • Because you never heard "I were happy," you probably didn't create that wrong sentence

  • structure.

  • So I hope that by hearing this correct sentence structure again and again, you're going to

  • be able to remember if it's "do" or if it's "make."

  • Let's start by talking about seven expressions using "do."

  • Everyone loves doing chores.

  • I dream about doing the laundry.

  • Doing the dishes is my favorite activity.

  • Okay, maybe that's not true for you, but here, we're using "do" to talk about this duty,

  • this obligation, this repetitive task.

  • We use "do" to talk about almost every household chore.

  • Do the laundry, do the dishes.

  • Except make the bed.

  • This is an exception.

  • But we often use "do" to talk about those household repetitive chores.

  • For more household chores, check out my video, 70 Cleaning Expressions in English, up here.

  • Number two.

  • I can't go play a game because I have to do some work, or maybe because I have to do some

  • homework.

  • To do work is a common expression.

  • Actually, I said this to Dan when I was writing this lesson.

  • He wanted me to play a game, and I said, "I'm sorry, I can't play the game because I have

  • to do some work," which was writing this lesson.

  • Number three.

  • Dan, my husband, plays hockey, and after his game, he often says, "The goalie did a good

  • job, but we still lost."

  • Or maybe he could have said, "The goalie did a bad job.

  • The goalie did a poor job."

  • Here, we're talking about doing a good job, doing a bad job, doing a poor job.

  • We're using the word "do" in the past to say "did."

  • He did a good job.

  • What do you think about this lesson?

  • Am I doing a good job explaining these expressions?

  • Number four.

  • Have you done any exercises recently?

  • Maybe you might say, "Well, I did some yoga yesterday, and I'm going to do some Pilates

  • today."

  • This question uses "do" in another verb tense.

  • Have you done any exercises recently?

  • This can be a little bit tricky to talk about "do" plus "exercise," because we often just

  • take out "do" completely and say, "Have you exercised recently?"

  • This is using "exercise" as the verb.

  • Have you exercised?

  • Notice the "-ed" that tells us that this is a verb.

  • Have you exercised recently?

  • But in my original sentence, "Have you done any exercises?"

  • This is using "exercise" as a noun, and then "do" is our verb.

  • So make sure that you use this correctly.

  • We don't want to have "do" plus "exercise" as a verb.

  • We need to only have one verb here.

  • Have you done any exercises?

  • Have you exercised?

  • Number five.

  • How are you doing?

  • I'm doing pretty well.

  • I'm not doing that hot.

  • This is a common greeting.

  • You might hear this all the time.

  • Maybe you say this a lot.

  • To learn some other common greetings and other ways to start sentences, you can check out

  • this link up here.

  • How are you doing?

  • I'm doing great.

  • I'm not doing that hot.

  • Wonderful.

  • Number six.

  • I always try to do my best.

  • "To do my best" is a beautiful expression.

  • It means you're not perfect, but you try to do your best.

  • If you said this in a job interview, "I always try to do my best every day at work," wow,

  • great.

  • You're hired.

  • This is a wonderful way to express that you are a diligent worker, you're a hard worker,

  • and even though you're not perfect, you're going to always do your best.

  • Number seven.

  • Please, do something.

  • Do anything.

  • Maybe if you have a friend who is single and is always complaining about not going on a

  • date, you might say, "Well, maybe it'd be a good idea if you got out of your house one

  • day.

  • Maybe you should go to a yoga class.

  • Maybe you should go for a walk in the park and talk to someone while you're walking your

  • dog.

  • Just do something.

  • Do anything."

  • We often use "do" with these words, "something," "anything."

  • And it's not specific.

  • "Something" and "anything" is not telling a specific activity, but we often use those

  • together.

  • You can also use this in a less intense situation.

  • Maybe if your friend's inviting you to go to a yoga class, you might say, "I can't go

  • to yoga class because I have to do something else."

  • You're not saying what you have to do.

  • It's kind of mysterious.

  • You're not saying that other activity that you need to do, but you're just saying, "I

  • need to do something else," to do something, do something else.

  • Now let's go on to "make."

  • These are the top 10 expressions using "make," at least according to me.

  • Number one.

  • Dan makes oatmeal for us every morning.

  • I like to make green tea in the afternoon.

  • We often use "make" with food or drinks, and it's a good way to use this naturally.

  • Number two.

  • If you watch the ad at the beginning of this video, I make some money.

  • Thanks.

  • Here, I'm not creating or producing.

  • I'm not printing the money myself, but here, I'm still acquiring the money.

  • So I want to know, when you were in high school, what did you do to make money?

  • Did you babysit?

  • Did you walk your neighbor's dog?

  • Did you do your neighbor's homework?

  • What did you do to make money?

  • Sentence number three.

  • It can be tough to make new friends when you move to a new city.

  • Here, we're using the expression, "make friends."

  • You're not actually creating your friends like Frankenstein, at least I hope not, but

  • you are acquiring new friends.

  • When I think about the friends that I have now, I made one friend at the grocery store,

  • I made another friend at yoga class, and I made another friend 10 years ago in college.

  • So as an adult, we make friends in a lot of different ways.

  • Have you ever made a phone call in English?

  • This can be a little bit scary when you do it, but with practice, it gets easier.

  • We have a couple expressions we use when we talk about using the phone, but when you are

  • the one dialing the numbers, you are the one who's making a phone call.

  • If you want to use some common expressions for phone conversations, then make sure to

  • check out this video up here.

  • Number five.

  • Make a suggestion about what kind of lesson you'd like me to make here on YouTube in the

  • future.

  • I'm asking you to make a suggestion.

  • Give me some ideas.

  • Number six.

  • When you make a mistake, don't make an excuse.

  • Just tell the truth.

  • Here are two for the price of one, "make a mistake" and "make an excuse."

  • I often hear English learners say, "I did a mistake."

  • And to them, I would say, "Yeah, yeah, you did.

  • You made a mistake."

  • If you want to use "did," you could say, "I did something wrong," but here, this is a

  • beautiful expression that you can use instead with "make."

  • I made a mistake.

  • And if you make a mistake, don't make an excuse.

  • No one likes someone who makes excuses.

  • I was tired, I was hungry, there was a lot of traffic.

  • Don't make an excuse, just tell the truth and say you're sorry and move on.

  • Number seven.

  • I often read reviews to help me make a decision before I buy something.

  • Do you do that?

  • Do you read reviews before you buy something?

  • What helps you to make a decision?

  • Have you ever made a decision that you regretted?

  • I hope you don't regret making the decision to watch this lesson.

  • Study these words so that you can make sure that you use them correctly.

  • We often say "make sure" to mean make certain, be certain, but we don't use that one as much,

  • so forget about that one and just remember "make sure."

  • We often use this as kind of a reminder.

  • Make sure that you finish your homework.

  • Make sure that you clean your room.

  • Make sure, make sure, make sure.

  • So if you use "make sure" as a reminder to someone else, make sure you say it with a

  • smile because it can be kind of annoying if someone says, "Make sure you do this, make

  • sure you do this, make sure you do this."

  • So make sure you say it with a smile.

  • Number nine.

  • It really makes me happy that you're still watching this video and didn't click away.

  • Your actions have an effect on me.

  • It makes me happy.

  • Or we could use this in a negative way.

  • Talking with her about her problems makes me feel drained.

  • Or maybe watching these lessons makes you feel excited about English.

  • It makes you react in a certain way.

  • Makes me feel happy, makes me feel drained, makes me feel excited.

  • I hope this lesson makes you feel excited, because I'm sitting on a log, suspended over

  • the creek, and it's not very comfortable.

  • So it makes me happy that you're still watching this and that this experience is worth it.

  • Number 10.

  • Try to use English every day.

  • This advice just makes sense.

  • If someone told you, "Study English for six hours every Saturday, and you can forget about

  • English the other six days of the week," this advice doesn't really make sense.

  • It feels really stressful to me.

  • So when you use this expression, "it makes sense," "it doesn't make sense," we're using

  • this in the sense of sensible.

  • This is the root word here.

  • It is sensible advice to study English a little bit every day.

  • It is not sensible advice to study English just one day for a long period of time.

  • You feel stressed, you don't remember things easily.

  • So it makes sense to study English little by little every day.

  • I think it makes sense to have a review now, don't you think?

  • Let's go back and review all of the expressions that we talked about with "do" and all of

  • the expressions we talked about with "make."

  • Let's review the seven expressions with "do."

  • Number one, "Everyone loves doing chores."

  • I have to do some work.

  • The goalie did a good job.

  • I did some exercises yesterday.

  • How are you doing?

  • I'm doing pretty well.

  • I always try to do my best.

  • I have to do something else.

  • And now the 10 expressions with "make."

  • Number one, "Dan makes us oatmeal."

  • Number two, "I make some money."

  • It can be tough to make friends.

  • I need to make a phone call.

  • Make a suggestion in the comments.

  • When you make a mistake, don't make an excuse.

  • The reviews often help me to make a decision.

  • Make sure you clean your room before you go to bed.

  • It makes me happy that you watched this lesson.

  • This advice just makes sense.

  • Great work learning the difference between "do" and "make" so that you can use this accurately

  • as you speak.

  • The next grammar lesson is going to focus on storytelling.

  • We are constantly telling stories when we speak.

  • Oftentimes, we're talking about something that happened in the past.

  • It might be, "What did you do over the weekend?

  • How was your last vacation?"

  • Well, you're probably going to tell a little quick story about your weekend plans or what

  • you did on your last vacation.

  • So I would like to help you use the correct verbs to talk about stories in the past.

  • Let's watch.

  • Today's lesson has three levels.

  • We'll start with easy, then intermediate, and then advanced.

  • And finally at the end, there is a quiz to see if you have accomplished the goal of understanding

  • and being able to use clear, natural English.

  • All right, let's get started with the easy level.

  • For our easy level, we have the past simple.

  • These are simply, simply, actions that happened in the past.

  • Most of these end in "-ed."

  • Let's take a look at a couple just to review.

  • We have "study" becomes "studied."

  • I studied English yesterday.

  • "Practice" becomes "practiced."

  • I practiced the piano for three hours.

  • I wish.

  • Or "learn" becomes "learned."

  • I learned a lot with Vanessa's lessons.

  • Hooray.

  • Now, not every past simple verb ends in "-ed."

  • There are some irregulars, and usually that means that the vowel changes.

  • Let's take a look at a couple.

  • "Wake" becomes "woke."

  • I woke up before my alarm clock.

  • It's a small miracle.

  • "Break" and "eat" become "broke" and "ate."

  • I broke my cookies before I ate them.

  • "Drink" becomes "drank."

  • I drank some tea this morning.

  • Before we go to the intermediate level, I have a quick question for you.

  • I can't believe that yesterday I English for 30 minutes.

  • Great work.

  • I can't believe that yesterday I speak, spoke, or speaked English for 30 minutes.

  • Which one do you think is correct?

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • Three, two, one.

  • I can't believe that yesterday I spoke English for 30 minutes.

  • Congratulations.

  • All right, let's go on to the intermediate level.

  • Are you ready to level up?

  • Let's do it.

  • In the intermediate level, we have the past continuous.

  • Can you guess when you might use this?

  • When there is a continual action in the past.

  • Let's take a look at a quick example.

  • Let's imagine that you call me and I don't pick up the phone.

  • Well, eventually when you see me, you might say, "Why didn't you pick up the phone when

  • I called?"

  • I could say, "I was preparing to film a lesson and I didn't have time to talk."

  • This verb, "I was preparing," is the past continuous.

  • If you can imagine with me a timeline and we have an action that happened, when you

  • called, well, what's happening before, during, and after this?

  • Well, I was preparing to film the lesson.

  • A lot happens to prepare to film these lessons.

  • I need to write the lesson, I need to get ready, I need to make sure my house is quiet.

  • My kids need to be outside somewhere.

  • They need to be safely with someone outside.

  • I need to be feeling energized and ready.

  • A lot goes into preparing these lessons.

  • So we could say that you called and I was preparing the lesson before you called, I

  • was preparing the lesson during your call, and I was preparing for the lesson after your

  • call.

  • So this is a continual action that is interrupted by one singular past action.

  • Let's take a look at a couple other examples.

  • At 9:00 PM, I studied for the test.

  • This is the past simple.

  • Why?

  • Because it is an action that happened at a specific time.

  • At 9:00 PM, I started to study for the test.

  • But what happens if we change this?

  • At 9:00 PM, I was studying for the test.

  • This means something slightly different.

  • It means that before 9:00 PM, I was studying, at 9:00 PM, I was studying, and after 9:00

  • PM, I was studying.

  • This-

  • Vanessa: ... 9:00 PM I was studying, and after 9:00

  • PM, I was studying, This was a continual action that happened, including that 9:00 PM moment.

  • Let's take a look at another example.

  • I woke up early today.

  • Woke is the past simple.

  • I woke up early today.

  • It is finished, but let's change it to the past continuous.

  • I was waking up early every day during the summer.

  • Do you understand this slight difference here?

  • I was waking up every day during the summer.

  • This implies that this happened continually throughout the entire summer.

  • It was a continual action that happened in the past.

  • Let's take a look at another example.

  • I drank my tea before work.

  • Okay, this is past simple.

  • It finished before work.

  • I drank my tea before work, but what if we changed this to past continuous?

  • I was drinking my tea while I worked.

  • Oh, okay.

  • Here we have an activity that continued during the workday.

  • I was drinking my tea while I worked.

  • This is something that's continuing.

  • Before we go on to the advanced level, let's have a quick quiz question to test your intermediate

  • skills.

  • Can you fill in the blank in this sentence?

  • Sorry that I didn't call you back.

  • I ... English with Vanessa.

  • I were studying English with Vanessa.

  • I was studying English with Vanessa, or I studied English with Vanessa.

  • Hmm.

  • Which one is the best?

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • Sorry that I didn't call you back, I was studying English with Vanessa.

  • This is an action that was happening before the call, during the call and after the call.

  • I was studying English with Vanessa when you called.

  • Okay, congratulations.

  • Let's go on to the advanced level.

  • Now that you know each of these verb tenses individually, the past simple and the past

  • continuous, let's put them together and see what happens.

  • Do you remember the original sentence that I said in this lesson?

  • Dan was cooking breakfast when I woke up, and this made me say, "Oh, it surprised me."

  • Why did this surprise me?

  • Let's see.

  • Here, we have a continual action.

  • Dan was cooking breakfast, boom, interrupted by when I woke up, so that means Dan woke

  • up before me.

  • He prepared breakfast before I woke up, and he was preparing it while I was waking up,

  • and when I woke up, he was still preparing breakfast.

  • This is very kind, very thoughtful and maybe something that happens on my birthday.

  • So this is something we can say, "Oh!"

  • To when this happens.

  • I'm not sure if this happens often in your household that when you wake up someone else

  • is preparing breakfast, but if this happened in my house, it would be an amazing thing.

  • Let's take a look at this image.

  • I think this gives a good visual to the ideas that we're talking about.

  • We have a long, winding road.

  • This is the past continuous event.

  • Dan was cooking breakfast, but what is in the middle of this road?

  • It's a dotted line, so it's interrupted by events, but the road is still continuing.

  • So Dan was cooking breakfast, boom, when I woke up.

  • When I said, "What are you doing?"

  • When I said, "Oh, what an amazing breakfast," it is interrupted by these past simple events.

  • Let's take a look at a couple other examples where this past continuous event is interrupted

  • by some past simple events.

  • Let's take a look.

  • I haven't really studied English much lately, but when I was studying English, I practiced

  • every day.

  • Here, we have an interrupted action.

  • I practiced every day during the time that I was studying.

  • Let's take a look at another sentence.

  • When I was drinking my tea, boom, you called me.

  • When I was drinking my tea, my cat knocked over my cup.

  • Naughty cat.

  • When I was drinking my tea, my kid screamed, "Mommy!"

  • Do you think you can pass the advanced quiz before we go on to our final exam?

  • I hope so, and I hope that this sentence is not true for you.

  • When I ... Vanessa's lesson, I ... asleep.

  • Oh, no.

  • Let's see.

  • Which one of these do you think is correct?

  • When I were watching Vanessa's lesson, I fall asleep.

  • When I watch Vanessa's lesson, I fell asleep.

  • When I was watching Vanessa's lesson, I fell asleep.

  • I hope that none of these are true.

  • I'll give you three seconds to think of the best grammatical answer.

  • Are you ready?

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • When I was watching Vanessa's lesson, I fell asleep.

  • Oh, no.

  • Wake up, because it is time for your drum roll, final exam.

  • What I'm going to do is I'm going to read a little story with some blanks and I want

  • you to guess the best answer.

  • At the very end, I'm going to read the final story, and I hope that you can pat yourself

  • on the back because you correctly told this story in English.

  • Let's see.

  • Last night I ... when suddenly I ... some carrots on the floor.

  • Let me read it one more time.

  • Last night I ... when suddenly I ... some carrots on the floor.

  • I'll give you three seconds to think of the best answer.

  • Last night I was cooking when suddenly I dropped some carrots on the floor.

  • Why did I do that?

  • Let me tell you.

  • I ... the carrots, and I ... a loud knock at the door.

  • Hmm.

  • I ... the carrots, and I ... a loud knock at the door.

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • I was cutting the carrots, and I heard a loud knock at the door.

  • I ... it was my neighbor, so I ... just a minute.

  • I ... it was my neighbor, so I ... "Just a minute!"

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • I thought it was my neighbor, so I yelled, "Just a minute!"

  • Then, a little voice said, "Mommy!

  • I ... with my friends and I ... a snake!

  • Come look!"

  • Then, I heard a little voice that said, "Mommy!

  • I ... with my friends and I ... a snake!

  • Come look!"

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • Then, I heard a little voice that said, "Mommy!

  • I was playing with my friends and I caught a snake!

  • Come look!"

  • Oh, my.

  • In just a moment I will tell you if this is a true story or not.

  • Let me read the entire story, and we can see how it sounds with the correct verb tenses.

  • Last night I was cooking when suddenly I dropped some carrots on the floor.

  • Why did I do that?

  • Let me tell you.

  • I was cutting the carrots, and I heard a loud knock at the door.

  • I thought it was my neighbor, so I yelled, "Just a minute!"

  • Then, a little voice said, "Mommy!

  • I was playing with my friends and I caught a snake.

  • Come look!"

  • Great work leveling up your storytelling skills.

  • Our final grammar lesson today is a big one.

  • It is the difference between three small but tricky words in English in, on, and at.

  • I get asked this all the time by English learners, so here is the lesson to help you finally

  • master these three tricky words.

  • Let's watch.

  • Each of the prepositions in on an at can be used to talk about space and time.

  • Let's take a look at some examples so that we can study before the test.

  • In, I put the medicine in the cabinet in the afternoon.

  • Here we have space in the cabinet and time in the afternoon.

  • We use in for an enclosed space, in the cabinet and for a general time, usually a time of

  • day, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, this general time.

  • On, I put my phone on the shelf on Monday.

  • Here we have space, on the shelf and time, on Monday.

  • Usually, on is with a surface.

  • Sometimes it's a flat surface, sometimes it's not, but we talk about on with a surface,

  • on the shelf.

  • For time, we're talking about a specific day, on Monday, on Tuesday, on Wednesday.

  • This video is coming out on Friday, and at, please be at the entrance of the park at 4:00

  • PM.

  • We have space, at the entrance, and time, at 4:00 PM.

  • At the entrance of the park is a specific place, a specific point, at the entrance of

  • the park.

  • For time, at 4:00 PM, we are talking about a specific time, at 4:00 PM, at 9:00 PM, at

  • 3:00 AM, this specific time.

  • So we've had a little review here.

  • Don't stress too much about the rules.

  • I want you to look into your heart.

  • As I give you these test sentences, I want you to choose which word is the best to fill

  • in each of these sentences.

  • Maybe you remember the rules, maybe you don't, that's okay.

  • Remember those patterns we talked about?

  • Your brain has created some patterns already using these three words.

  • So let's get started with sentence number one.

  • Did you find your coat ... the closet?

  • Did you find your coat in, on, at the closet?

  • I'll give you three seconds to decide.

  • Did you find your coat in the closet?

  • In is an enclosed space.

  • The closet is an enclosed space.

  • Did you find your coat in the closet?

  • Number two, My favorite cafe is ... the end of this street.

  • My favorite cafe is in, on, at the end of this street.

  • Hmm.

  • What do you think?

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • My favorite cafe is at the end of this street.

  • Here we're talking about a specific place, a specific point, at the end of the street

  • is my favorite cafe.

  • How are you doing so far?

  • Take a deep breath.

  • You got this.

  • All right.

  • Let's go to number three.

  • Oh, no!

  • I spilled my coffee ... my homework!

  • Oh, no!

  • I spilled my coffee in, on, at my homework!

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • Oh, no!

  • I spilled my coffee on my homework!

  • Here we're talking about the surface of my homework.

  • It also happens to be a flat surface.

  • Like I mentioned, we sometimes use this for flat surfaces, on my homework.

  • Oh, man.

  • Now I'm going to have to explain this to my teacher.

  • I spilled my coffee on my homework!

  • Number four, I enjoy taking walks early ... the morning.

  • I enjoy taking walks early in, on, at the morning.

  • Hmm, 3, 2, 1.

  • I enjoy taking walks early in the morning.

  • Here we are talking about a general time of day.

  • We're not talking about 9:00 AM, we're talking about a general time, in the morning, in the

  • afternoon.

  • This is one of the keys to remembering prepositions is when you can remember a full phrase, in

  • the morning, you're not going to need to think about the rules.

  • All right, general time, specific time, time?

  • No, you don't need to think about that because you know the full phrase.

  • So sentences like this are great ways to remember these tricky words, in the morning.

  • Let's go to the next question.

  • Number five, My date will be here 5:15.

  • My date will be here in, on, at 5:15.

  • We're talking about time here.

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • My date will be here at 5:15.

  • Hopefully not 5:14, hopefully not 5:16, 5:15.

  • Maybe not exactly, but you know what I mean.

  • Here we're talking about a specific time, 5:15, 6:15, 7:45, at 5:15.

  • All right, let's get to the next one.

  • Number six, I love to spend summer vacation ... the mountains.

  • I love to spend summer vacation in, on, at the mountains.

  • Huh?

  • Give you three seconds.

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • The best answer for this sentence is, I love to spend summer vacations in the mountains.

  • We're not talking about digging a hole in the mountains and going inside the dirt and

  • the rocks.

  • No, this would really be an enclosed space, in the closet, in the cabinet, but sometimes

  • we use the idea of an enclosed space a little bit more loosely.

  • So here we're talking about being surrounded by the mountains.

  • It's the idea that you're somewhat enclosed in the warm embrace of the mountains.

  • So sometimes we do use this a little bit more loosely, but you can get the idea here.

  • Number seven, We are having dinner ... my favorite restaurant.

  • We are having dinner in, on, at my favorite restaurant.

  • Hmm.

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • We're having dinner at my favorite restaurant.

  • This is a specific place.

  • A specific point, at my favorite restaurant.

  • Well, that's where we're going to be having dinner.

  • We're having dinner at my favorite restaurant, a specific place.

  • Number eight, I jumped when he tapped me ... the shoulder.

  • Hmm.

  • I jumped when he tapped me in, on, at the shoulder.

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • I jumped when he tapped me on the shoulder.

  • This is also a little more loose, but we're talking about the surface of my shoulder,

  • the surface of my skin.

  • When he tapped me on the shoulder, this is the surface of it.

  • It's not inside my skin, this is just the surface.

  • He tapped me on the shoulder.

  • How are you doing?

  • We have two more sentences.

  • Let's go to number nine.

  • Do you have a date ... Saturday night?

  • Hmm.

  • Do you have a date in, on, at Saturday night?

  • Do you remember which one we should use with days like Saturday?

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • 3,2,1.

  • Do you have a date on Saturday night?

  • We use on for a specific day, on Saturday, on Friday, on Tuesday.

  • Do you have a date on Saturday night?

  • Our final test question before we get to five fixed phrases using in, on, and at is this.

  • You can email me ... contact@speakenglishwithvanessa.com.

  • This is a common phrase we use in business or whenever you need to tell someone your

  • email address.

  • So it's a good expression to remember.

  • You can email me in, on or at my email address.

  • Hmm. 3, 2, 1.

  • You can email me at contact@speakenglishwithvanessa.com.

  • This is also a more figurative way to use a specific place.

  • So we said at my favorite restaurant, at the entrance of the park, but this is not a place

  • you can go.

  • You can't go physically to my email address, so we're going to use this a little bit more

  • loosely, and we can say, you can email me at, this is my specific email address.

  • You can email me at contact@speakenglishwithvanessa.com.

  • Great.

  • Are you ready for five bonus fixed phrases that include in, on, or at?

  • These are outside the rules of what we just talked about, but.

  • I want you to look into your heart and to guess which preposition do you think would

  • be the best fit?

  • Let's look at this sentence.

  • The building is ... fire!

  • Ah!

  • The building is in, on, at fire!

  • What is the fixed phrase we're looking for here?

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • The building is on fire!

  • Ah!

  • Run!

  • So here we're using the fixed phrase to be on fire.

  • We can use this in a real way, that there are flames coming up from the building, so

  • get out of the building.

  • It's on fire.

  • But we can also use this for more figurative ways.

  • For example, you might say, My motivation for learning English is on fire from watching

  • Vanessa's video, or talking about your motivation is on fire, or we might say, I'm on fire for

  • English.

  • This is talking about a more figurative way of talking about fire, that of course, there

  • is not fire on you, but we're talking about in your heart there is an excitement.

  • There's determination, there's motivation.

  • I'm on fire for English.

  • My motivation is on fire, and that is another way to use this expression.

  • All right, let's go to the next sentence.

  • Do you believe ... love at first sight?

  • Hmm?

  • Do you believe in, on, at love at first sight?

  • I'll give you three seconds.

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • Do you believe in love at first sight?

  • Here, our fixed expression is to believe in something.

  • You can believe in love.

  • You can believe in peace.

  • You can believe in your ability to learn English.

  • You can believe in something, and this means you have hope that it will happen.

  • You have high hopes that this will come true.

  • I believe in love.

  • Wonderful.

  • Question number 13, He is really good ... juggling.

  • Juggling is when you throw balls in the air.

  • He is really good in, on, at juggling.

  • Hmm.

  • I'll tell you in 3, 2, 1.

  • He is really good at juggling.

  • Here we're going to use the fixed expression to be good at something.

  • This is used all the time.

  • You might say, "I thought that I wasn't good at English, and then I found Vanessa's lessons

  • and realized, 'Oh, it's not too hard.

  • I can do this.

  • You can be good at English.'"

  • Number 14, Do you have this ... a smaller size?

  • This is a common expression when you're shopping.

  • Do you have this in, on, or at a smaller size?

  • Hmm. 3, 2, 1.

  • Do you have this in a smaller size?

  • This expression, to be in a size or color is commonly used when we're shopping and we're

  • trying to find the best thing that we are looking for.

  • So you might say, "Do you have this in a large?

  • Do you have this in a medium?"

  • Or we can use it for color.

  • "Do you have this in red?

  • Do you have this in stripes?"

  • Great.

  • This is a great expression to use when you're shopping.

  • Our final test question, are you ready?

  • Drum roll is, My date was ... his phone all night, it was so rude!

  • Hmm.

  • My date was in, on, at his phone all night.

  • Such a shame.

  • 3, 2, 1.

  • My date was on his phone all night, it was so rude!

  • He's not actually standing on his phone, but instead that means he's using his phone.

  • This is a common expression, to be on your phone.

  • Sometimes you could say this maybe to teenagers, "Hey, get off your phone.

  • You are on your phone all day.

  • Why are you always on your phone?"

  • "Ah, I wish I wasn't on my phone so much."

  • It doesn't mean that you're standing on your phone, it just means you're using your phone.

  • So this is a great fixed expression to note to be on your phone.

  • So let's do a little review.

  • I'm going to read all of these sentences one more time and I would like you to try to say

  • them out loud with me.

  • Do you think you can do this?

  • Of course, you can because you are good at English.

  • Let's say all of these sentences together.

  • Did you find your coat in the closet?

  • I enjoy taking walks early in the morning.

  • I love to spend summer vacation in the mountains.

  • Do you have this in a smaller size?

  • Do you believe in love at first sight?

  • Oh, no!

  • I spilled coffee on my homework!

  • Do you have a date on Saturday night?

  • I jumped when he tapped me on the shoulder.

  • The building is on fire!

  • Ah!

  • My date was on his phone the whole night, it was so rude!

  • My favorite cafe is at the end of this street.

  • My date will be here at 5:15.

  • We are having dinner at my favorite restaurant.

  • You can email me at contact@speakenglishwithvanessa.com.

  • He is really good at juggling.

  • Congratulations.

  • You just leveled up your pronunciation, vocabulary and English grammar so that you can speak

  • advanced English.

  • Don't forget to download this special 24-page PDF worksheet.

  • This is my gift to you.

  • It includes everything you just learned, every pronunciation point, every sample sentence,

  • every piece of vocabulary and grammar.

  • This is mine to give to you.

  • So you can click on the link in the description to download this epic free PDF worksheet today.

  • Well, thank you so much for learning English with me, and I'll see you again next Friday

  • for a new lesson here on my YouTube channel.

  • Bye.

  • But wait, do you want more?

  • I recommend watching this video next where you will learn the top 20 common speaking

  • mistakes that English learners make.

  • You should avoid being rude, try to be polite and avoid these 20 common speaking mistakes.

  • I'll see you there.

Vanessa: Welcome to the Ultimate English MasterClass.

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