For each job application, less than 1% of the candidates can actually pass the interview and land a job offer and most of them failed miserably even in the first round of interview

在每份求職申請中，只有不到 1%的求職者能真正通過面試並獲得工作機會，其中大多數人甚至在第一輪面試中就慘遭失敗。

They not only ask you those typical questions such as what's your favorite product but also change the interview type to make it extremely hard to predict an answer

他們不僅會問你那些典型的問題，比如你最喜歡的產品是什麼，還會改變面試類型，讓你極難預測答案

In this video, I'm going to reveal the top 6 most challenging part-time management interview questions and tell you the framework and how to answer them effectively

在本視頻中，我將為您揭示最具挑戰性的 6 大兼職管理面試問題，並告訴您如何有效回答這些問題的框架和方法。

Stay until the end of this video where I share with you the interview type that most people spend most of the time to work on but failed miserably

在本視頻的最後，我將與您分享大多數人花了大半天時間去研究卻慘遭失敗的面試類型。

Hey guys, this is Dr. Nancy Li, I direct a product and feature in Forbes

大家好，我是南希-李博士（Dr. Nancy Li）。

I've helped 100 people land the dream PM job offer in fan companies and unicorn startups and continue to get promoted as a product leader

我已經幫助 100 人在粉絲公司和獨角獸初創公司找到了夢想中的 PM 職位，並繼續晉升為產品負責人

In this channel, we talk about free product management training and tech trends

在本頻道中，我們將討論免費的產品管理培訓和技術趨勢

Like and subscribe and watch our new video every Tuesday

贊並訂閱，每週二觀看我們的新視頻

The product management interview questions actually happen in all type of industries

產品管理面試問題其實在各行各業都會出現

In the past couple years, I've helped thousands of people land jobs in fan companies, fintech, healthcare, AI, and different kind of unicorn startups

在過去幾年裡，我幫助數千人在粉絲公司、金融科技、醫療保健、人工智能和各類獨角獸初創公司找到了工作。

They all ask the following top 6 product management interview questions

他們都會提出以下 6 大產品管理面試問題

Let's go through them one by one based on the difficulty level

讓我們根據難易程度逐一進行分析

Question number one, product design type interview questions

問題一，產品設計類面試問題

This is the most common interview questions for product management

這是最常見的產品管理面試問題

However, most candidates fail

然而，大多數考生未能

You will frequently ask this kind of question

您經常會問到這樣的問題

Design an app for museum

為博物館設計一款應用程序

Design an Uber app for blind people

為盲人設計 Uber 應用程序

The reason this kind of question is very difficult was because it's open-ended question

這種問題之所以非常難，是因為它是一個開放式問題

Lots of candidates start to create any feature design without thinking about different type of customer segmentations and pain point

很多候選人在開始創建任何功能設計時，都沒有考慮到不同類型的客戶細分和痛點

And most of them do not have the empathy to understand the true pain point of customers

而他們中的大多數人並不能感同身受地理解客戶的真正痛點

The best way to answer those kind of open-ended interview questions is by using the modified Circles framework

回答這類開放式訪談問題的最佳方法是使用修改後的 "圈子 "框架

Now, let me emphasize on the modified part

現在，讓我強調一下修改的部分

Because the Circles framework was invented over 10 years ago

因為 "圈子 "框架是 10 多年前發明的

It doesn't work for today's environment

它不適合當今的環境

Because interview questions has become harder and harder every single day

因為面試問題每天都在變得越來越難

Now, the modified Circles framework, what I recommend everyone to follow is mission and why

現在，修改後的 "圈子 "框架是我建議大家遵循的使命，為什麼呢？

For example, if you want to design Uber app for blind people

例如，如果您想為盲人設計 Uber 應用程序

You need to think about different kind of missions

您需要考慮不同類型的任務

How it's related to Uber

與 Uber 的關係

Why Uber want to design for blind people

為什麼 Uber 要為盲人設計

And connect it with the current environment

並將其與當前環境聯繫起來

In this case, it's post-COVID environment

在這種情況下，它是後 COVID 環境

And then you can ask some clarifying questions in terms of the scope of the design

然後，你可以就設計的範圍提出一些明確的問題

Do they want to launch internationally

他們是否想在國際上推出

Or they want to focus on certain locations to start with

或者，他們希望從某些地點入手

The next step is customer segmentation

下一步是客戶細分

Most candidates fail the customer segmentation

大多數考生未能通過客戶細分

Because when they think about design Uber app for blind people

因為當他們考慮為盲人設計 Uber 應用程序時

They only think about the blind people

他們只為盲人著想

But they forgot to think about the drivers

但他們忘了考慮司機

Because Uber app is a two-sided marketplace

因為 Uber 應用是一個雙面市場

You must have drivers and riders to keep it even and balanced

必須有駕駛員和車手來保持平衡

And then you continue to do sub-customer segmentation for blind people and also drivers

然後繼續對盲人和駕駛員進行細分。

After that, you prioritize what type of customer segmentation you need to prioritize

之後，您需要優先考慮哪種類型的客戶細分

For this 45-minute product design case interview

在這個 45 分鐘的產品設計案例訪談中

Then list different kind of pain point for prioritize user segmentation

然後列出不同類型的痛點，以便對用戶進行優先細分

And then you prioritize again to think about the most important pain point to solve right now

然後再次排定優先級，思考當前最需要解決的痛點

Then list top three solutions

然後列出三大解決方案

And then prioritize again to figure out what type of solution is the best at this moment

然後再次排定優先順序，找出當前最佳的解決方案類型

For Uber to work on in order to solve the problem for blind people

為解決盲人問題，Uber 將繼續努力

I have a specific sample answer and training to teach you

我有具體的答案示例和培訓教你

How to solve this very complex product design interview questions

如何解決這個非常複雜的產品設計面試問題

Make sure to watch this video right here

請務必點擊此處觀看視頻

And use my framework and follow into the details

使用我的框架，瞭解細節

A lot of people also make this big mistake at the beginning of the interview

很多人在面試一開始也會犯這個大錯誤

By asking the wrong clarifying questions

提出錯誤的澄清性問題

For the sake of time, I'm going to describe more in this video

由於時間關係，我將在這段視頻中做更多描述

Regarding the type of wrong clarifying questions

關於錯誤澄清問題的類型

You can watch it right here

您可以在這裡觀看

But you should definitely go to this website to download the top 10 clarifying questions

但是，你一定要去這個網站下載十大澄清問題

So that you can avoid those mistakes

從而避免這些錯誤

I'm going to link it in the description of this video

我將在這段視頻的描述中鏈接它

The second hardest interview question is part of strategy question

第二難的面試問題是戰略問題的一部分

Part of strategy question sounds like this

部分戰略問題聽起來是這樣的

Should Lyft enter the Indian market or not?

Lyft 是否應該進入印度市場？

What should Google do in the space of AI?

谷歌在人工智能領域應該做些什麼？

If you are the CEO of Uber, what's in your mind right now?

如果你是 Uber 的首席執行官，你現在在想什麼？

All of those are very strategic long-term thinkers

所有這些都是非常具有戰略眼光的長遠思考者

Those kind of 10-year thinking methodology

這種 10 年思考方法

You cannot use a strategic consulting framework to solve this problem

不能用戰略諮詢框架來解決這個問題

Because most consultants will start with

因為大多數顧問會從

How can we make the most money in the coming few years?

未來幾年，我們如何才能賺到最多的錢呢？

That's literally the wrong question to think about and wrong question to ask

這簡直是一個不該思考的問題，也是一個不該問的問題

Because as a product manager

因為作為產品經理

We need to think about how to solve problems for customers

我們需要思考如何為客戶解決問題

And how to tackle the market in the long run

以及如何長期應對市場

And without the right problem to solve

如果沒有正確的問題來解決

You're not able to make money anyway

反正你也賺不到錢

And if you only focus on money in the short run

如果你只在短期內關注金錢

You're not going to become a great successful tech company in the long run

從長遠來看，你不可能成為一家成功的偉大科技公司

Because majority of the tech companies

因為大多數科技公司

They raise VC funding

他們籌集風險投資資金

Knowing they're not making money in the near term

知道他們在短期內賺不到錢

But they're going to solve big problems

但它們將解決大問題

Impact millions of people's lives

影響數百萬人的生活

To make billions of money in the 10 years

在 10 年內賺取數十億美元

So therefore kill all the consulting framework

是以，要取消所有諮詢框架

Without product strategy

沒有產品戰略

So what framework should we use in the product strategy question?

那麼，在產品戰略問題上，我們應該使用什麼樣的框架呢？

I recommend using the GUCCI framework I invented

我建議使用我發明的 GUCCI 框架

So GUCCI framework stands for goals and mission

是以，GUCCI 框架代表目標和使命

Why we're solving this problem

我們為什麼要解決這個問題

Why Google even thinking about entering the AI space

谷歌為何考慮進軍人工智能領域

And U stands for unmet customer needs

U 代表未滿足的客戶需求

This is very different from product design question

這與產品設計問題截然不同

We emphasize on big unmet customer needs

我們重視客戶尚未滿足的巨大需求

Not a small incremental improvement

進步不小

C stands for customer segmentation

C 代表客戶細分

And the second C stands for competition

第二個 C 代表競爭

Because it's very important to understand

因為理解這一點非常重要

Which competitor is doing

哪個競爭對手在做

Before you design a long-term strategic roadmap

在設計長期戰略路線圖之前

And I stands for integrated ecosystem

I 代表綜合生態系統

Because this I is very critical

因為這個 I 非常關鍵

How Uber react to AI

Uber 如何應對人工智能

It's very different from how Google react to AI

這與谷歌對人工智能的反應截然不同

Even if the unmet customer needs and competitors

即使未滿足的客戶需求和競爭對手

Customer segmentation are quite similar

客戶細分非常相似

But their internal systems are different

但它們的內部系統不同

And their partnership inside the integrated ecosystem

它們在綜合生態系統中的合作關係

Is also very different

也非常不同

I made an in-depth analysis regarding

我深入分析了

How to use a GUCCI framework

如何使用 GUCCI 框架

To answer any type of product strategy interview questions

回答任何類型的產品戰略面試問題

You should watch this video right here

您應該觀看這段視頻

I'm also going to link it in the description of this video

我還將在這段視頻的描述中鏈接它

So that you can take lots of notes

這樣你就可以做很多筆記

And nail those product strategy interview questions

準確回答產品戰略面試問題

The third hardest product management interview question is

最難的產品管理面試問題之三是

Execution and metrics question

執行和衡量標準問題

For example, people ask you this question

例如，人們會問你這樣一個問題

What set the goal for Facebook event?

Facebook 活動的目標是什麼？

Set the success metrics for YouTube live

設定 YouTube 直播的成功指標

When we solve those product metrics interview question

當我們解決這些產品度量面試問題時

A lot of candidates made some mistakes

許多考生犯了一些錯誤

By mixing it with product design

將其與產品設計相結合

Because they thought

因為他們認為

Well, I can just give one or two metrics

我只能給出一兩個衡量標準

And thinking about how to combine with design

思考如何與設計相結合

Is 100% incorrect

100% 錯誤

Because in the product metrics interview questions

因為在產品度量面試問題中

You really need to think about maybe 10

你真正需要考慮的可能是 10

Or up to 20 different kind of metrics

或多達 20 種不同的衡量標準

You need to measure for the success of the product

您需要衡量產品是否成功

And then you also need to have

然後你還需要

Very important north star metrics

非常重要的北極星指標

North star metrics is the most important metric

北極星衡量標準是最重要的衡量標準

For the entire product

整個產品

Most people do not understand

大多數人不瞭解

What is the most important one

最重要的是什麼

They're able to tell us different type of metrics to measure

他們能夠告訴我們不同類型的衡量標準

But they pick the wrong north star

但他們選錯了北極星

Which is going to kill them immediately in the interview

這將會在面試中立即殺死他們

So what is the right way to answer

那麼，正確的回答方式是什麼呢？

Those kind of interview questions

這類面試問題

Is to use my computer science PhD framework

是利用我的計算機科學博士框架

Invited by Dr. Z Li

應 Z Li 博士邀請

By the way, my PhD was in material science

順便說一句，我的博士學位是材料科學專業的

Not computer science

非計算機科學

But what is my computer science PhD framework?

但我的計算機科學博士框架是什麼？

It stands for why and mission

它代表著原因和使命

Why Facebook want to have a Facebook event product

為什麼 Facebook 希望推出 Facebook 活動產品

How it's related to the mission of the company

與公司使命的關係

CS stands for customer segmentation

CS 代表客戶細分

Facebook event has event organizer and event attendees

Facebook 活動有活動組織者和活動參與者

P stands for prioritization and mission-related metrics

P 代表優先次序和與任務相關的衡量標準

Over there you're going to pick

在那邊，你要挑選

The most important prioritized mission-related metrics

最重要的優先任務相關指標

That became the north star metrics

這成了北極星的指標

That's the number one thing you need to measure

這是你需要衡量的第一件事

As a successful product manager

作為一名成功的產品經理

H stands for product health metrics

H 代表產品健康指標

Over there you're going to have 10 and 20 different product health metrics

在那裡，你會有 10 到 20 個不同的產品健康指標

To have a list of comprehensive answers

要有一份綜合答案清單

D stands for D risk

D 代表 D 風險

What kind of potential risks you can involve

您可能涉及哪些潛在風險

If you want to have A plus answer

如果您想獲得 A+ 答案

You can talk about CC

您可以談論 CC

Stands for cannibalization and countermetrics

代表拆分和反計量學

So towards the end

是以，在接近尾聲時

You're definitely going to impress the interviewer

你一定會給面試官留下深刻印象

By using my computer science PhD framework

利用我的計算機科學博士框架

I have a specific training

我有專門的培訓

Where I teach you how exactly to use this framework

在這裡，我將教你如何準確地使用這一框架

With a sample answer

附答案示例

You can put it right here

你可以把它放在這裡

Which is going to help you to pass

這將幫助您通過

Meta product execution and product metrics

元產品執行和產品指標

Interview questions right here

面試問題就在這裡

I'm also going to link it

我也要把它鏈接起來

In the description of this video

在這段視頻的描述中

When you prepare for those interview questions

準備面試問題時

Make sure to use the latest product management

確保使用最新的產品管理

Interview questions database

面試問題數據庫

And you can go to this website

您可以訪問這個網站

And download all the top 50 interview questions database

並下載所有 50 大面試問題數據庫

To get ready for your upcoming interviews

為即將到來的面試做好準備

Regardless if it's for fan companies

不管是為粉絲公司

Or healthcare or startup

或醫療保健或初創企業

They all ask very similar questions

他們提出的問題都非常相似

I'm going to link it in the description of this video

我將在這段視頻的描述中鏈接它

The hardest product management interview question number four

最難的產品管理面試問題之四

Problem solving

解決問題

Problem solving questions is quite typical

解決問題是非常典型的

And it's going to see how well

它要看看

You're able to analyze the product situation

您能夠分析產品情況

And execute your vision

執行你的願景

For example

例如

If you ask this kind of real-life interview questions

如果你問這種現實生活中的面試問題

Wayfair's furniture return rate increased from 15% to 20%

Wayfair 的傢俱退貨率從 15%上升到 20

What should you do?

你該怎麼辦？

When you hear this kind of interview questions

當你聽到這樣的面試問題時

The hardest part is actually understand

最難的是真正理解

How to think strategically

如何進行戰略思考

So that you're able to complete the entire answer

這樣您就能完成整個答案

Instead of thinking about random ideas

而不是胡思亂想

Unorganized idea is very forbidden

沒有條理的想法是非常不可取的

Within the product management interview process

在產品管理面試流程中

So how to organize the answer correctly

那麼，如何正確組織答案呢？

Here's a way to do

以下是一種方法

Number one

第一

You must understand the end-to-end customer journey

您必須瞭解端到端的客戶旅程

Of people going to Wayfair

前往 Wayfair 的人數

Purchasing couches or any furnitures

購買沙發或任何傢俱

And return it

並歸還

Once you lay out the end-to-end customer journey map

繪製端到端客戶旅程地圖後

Then you analyze using the CPTE framework

然後使用 CPTE 框架進行分析

Which stands for

代表

C. Customers

C.客戶

P. Product

P.產品

T. Technology

T.技術

E. External factors

E.外部因素

So within each steps of customer journey

是以，在客戶旅程的每個步驟中

There must be something wrong

一定是出了什麼問題

Such as could be customer

如客戶

Changed their opinion regarding not buying couches anymore

改變了不再購買沙發的意見

Could also there's some product issue

也可能是產品問題

Product failure or website issue

產品故障或網站問題

Wrong description of the couches

對沙發的描述錯誤

Could also be technology issue

也可能是技術問題

And E stands for external factors