I've done lessons about food in the past and it is I think one of the most requested topics. So, I thought it would be fun to do another English lesson about food. I have done a few other ones. You can go back and watch those someday but uh in this English lesson about food, I'll talk about different ways to talk about preparing food. I'll talk about where you prepare food. I'll talk about what food tastes like a little bit and I'll talk about different ways to cook food or prepare food. So, once again, welcome to this English lesson about food. Um I think you'll enjoy it. To make or to prepare.

When you talk about food, um you don't, well, if it's an apple, you can just eat it. You don't have to do anything to the apple but sometimes you need to make food or you need to prepare food. This coming weekend is Thanksgiving in

Canada. It's a holiday and so people will be going to other people's houses to celebrate and to eat food. That's what most people do when you celebrate. So, some people might need to make food or they might need to prepare food. We use both words interchangeably. If people were coming to my house, I would say, oh, I need to make food because my brothers and sisters are coming over. I need to prepare food.

Now, I didn't add this to the lesson but you can also order food. Maybe instead of making food, you just order food from a restaurant so that you don't have to make it but when you eat, like if you want a sandwich, you have to make a sandwich. You have to prepare a sandwich before you can eat it.

And you do this in one of two places. You can do it in a kitchen or a kitchenette. This might be a new word for you.

I'll explain it in a moment. A kitchen is the room in the house where you prepare food or make food. It's also the room in the house where you store food. You put food in your cupboards. You put food in your refrigerator. You put food in your freezer. This is where you keep food and make or prepare food and then also clean up after you have um eaten. You have to do the dishes or wash the dishes. A kitchenette is a small kitchen. Usually found in maybe an apartment or most often in a hotel room. When you stay in a hotel room, it might have a kitchenette. A kitchenette usually doesn't have a big stove or oven. It usually has a little microwave, a sink, and then a little tiny fridge. If you look and see the black thing under the counter, that is a small refrigerator and then usually a coffee maker. Um I don't see a kettle but most of the time, a kitchenette will have a kettle as well. So, a kitchen found in a house or apartment, a large-ish room where you can make or prepare food and keep all your food and then a kitchenette, a smaller area. When Jen and I travel, if we stay in a hotel, we try to get a hotel with a kitchenette so we can prepare our own food to uh save a little bit of money. Ingredients. So, when you want to make something, you need ingredients. If I want to make bread, the ingredients I need are flour, water, salt, butter, or oil, and yeast. I think those are the ingredients for making bread. Sometimes when you make things, it's far more complex. Uh you need to have uh ten or eleven ingredients in order to make it. I'm not sure what this person is making but it looks like they have all of their ingredients um cut up and ready to go. So uh I think they're gonna make maybe a little stir fry or something like that. I'm not sure but ingredients are the individual food items you need that you can combine to make something yummy. And you do that using a recipe. Now, maybe the recipe is in your head. Maybe when you make pancakes or when you make a meal for your family, you don't follow a recipe like this one. You in your head know, cook this for this long, mix this in, um dice this a certain way. You need two cups of this. Um but a recipe would be written instructions or instructions you have memorized on how to prepare a certain food item. The recipe for bread is to mix all the ingredients and to knead the dough, let the dough rise, knead the dough again, let it rise, and then bake it in the oven. But a recipe would be written instructions for how to make something. I'm always looking for new recipes. I like trying new food and it's fun to follow a new recipe and make something new or prepare something new. And usually you will find recipes in a recipe book. Sometimes people will have recipes on little cards like a recipe card. It's a small piece of paper about this size. But most of the recipes that Jen and I use are in recipe books. Sometimes we'll buy a new recipe book and we'll try making different types of food using that recipe book. Um we don't have one called our family recipes. My, yeah, you know, if my sister gave me recipes, they would be amazing but I don't have a lot to say about the rest of my family. Actually, my older brother might have some good recipes as well. He's a pretty good cook.

So, let's talk a little bit about that. When you have food and you heat the food, we usually use the verb to cook.

So, you cook food. Um and this is kind of a general term. If people are coming over, I need to cook some food, okay? I need to put it in a pan. Um I'll talk about the different ways that you can cook or prepare food but generally, cook refers to using heat to prepare the food so that it is edible so that it is yummy and tasty. So, this person has decided to cook some sort of pasta dish. Um that is the verb, the general term that we use when talking about cooking or preparing food with heat. So, over a fire or on the oven or in the oven or on the stove or even on a barbecue, you can cook some food. And then, after you do this, the food is cooked and this is an interesting word as well because sometimes you'll say, oh, I don't think this food is completely cooked. If you don't cook food long enough, it can be undercooked.

So, when you cook food, when you're done, the food is cooked. So, you could say this, oh, I cooked a lot of food. You know, the the more I say this word, the funnier it sounds to be. I cooked a lot of food because uh I have a lot of people coming over to eat today. And this is the opposite of raw. Some food you eat raw. When you eat something raw, it means that it is not cooked at all. We eat bananas, raw, carrots, a lot of vegetables you can eat raw. You don't eat meat raw. Although you can eat some seafood raw. But usually when we talk about raw food, we talk about food that you can eat without cooking or food that is uncooked. Okay, let me explain that a bit. These are raw vegetables. You can eat these. You can also have raw meat which means it has not been cooked and needs to be cooked, okay? So, you can eat raw vegetables but you should definitely cook raw meat before you eat it. Yummy. By the way, in this picture, my most favorite item would be the peppers. I like peppers. Green peppers are yummy. Uh I enjoy eating them. Okay, a couple of different ways you can use heat to prepare food. So, you can cook food, the general term. You can also bake food.

So, when I think about baking, I usually think about cookies, muffins, bread. Those are the kinds of things we bake. You follow a recipe. You, like I said with bread, you do everything you need to do and then you bake it in an oven. So, generally, when you bake something, I think it's usually something made with flour. Um you could do a casserole as well but when I think of baking like I think last night, one of my kids baked some cookies. Um this weekend, I might bake some bread. Um when I think about pizza though, I would probably use cook. I'm going to cook a pizza in the oven. You might say bake but generally, I think of this kind of food when I about bake. Fry, deep fry, air fry. Let's back up to fry. When you fry something, the first thing I think of is an egg and

I think of a frying pan. So, a frying pan is a very low pan and generally, we fry things like this. Like, you might fry an egg for breakfast. You might fry some bacon. Uh you might fry a grilled cheese sandwich even though it has the word grill in it. But generally, anytime you use this type of pan, we almost always use the verb fry. So, um I haven't eaten yet today. I actually ate way too much food last night.

So, I'm not even hungry but if I was to eat um later, I would probably fry an egg. There's something also uh called to deep fry. When you deep fry something, you have hot oil and you put the food in the oil in order to cook it in order to prepare it. Um when I think about deep frying, I think of things like french fries. French fries are made from potatoes and then you deep fry them in oil in order to cook them. It makes food very very crispy. You can also deep fry fish. I think these might be chicken wings. So, um last night, I actually had some chicken wings at a restaurant.

They were very very yummy but they would be deep fried.

Basically, really really hot oil, 350 degrees Fahrenheit or 400 degrees Fahrenheit and you put the food in it and it cooks and it cooks the food very very quickly and there's something called to air fry. Now, you can buy an air fryer and you can air fry your food. It's supposed to be healthier than deep frying your food. We don't have an air fryer but people we know who have air fryers say they are amazing. It allows you to cook meat or even french fries and other things so that it tastes like you deep fried it but not but without all of the oil that comes with it. So, maybe someday, the biggest problem with an air fryer is they're not very big and we still prepare food. We make food for a lot of people. As you know, I have five kids. I still have two living at home right now and so we have to prepare rather large meals. You can also barbecue or grill. This is very common in Canada in the spring and the summer and fall. It's less common in the winter but there are people who will barbecue in the winter. They don't mind standing outside wearing a winter coat and a winter hat and cooking food on a barbecue. So, by the way, you could call this a barbecue. This type you could also call a grill and it also works as the verb. I'm going to barbecue some hamburgers. I'm going to grill some hamburgers. I'm going to barbecue some hot dogs. I'm going to grill some hot dogs. When I visited Brent last summer, we went to his brother's place and his brother barbecued some food for us and it was very very yummy. Roast. So, when you cook meat in an oven, we usually use the word roast and this piece of meat here is actually called a roast as well. So, don't get too confused but I could buy a piece of meat and I could roast it in the oven. So, I'm going to put it on a pan or in a pan depending on how you like to do it and then you put it in the oven at a certain temperature and then you roast it. So, yes and this that is actually also called a roast. Roast beef. You can boil food. So, when I think about boiling food, you can boil eggs, you can boil noodles, you can boil rice.

Anytime you put food into water that is boiling in order to cook it, we use the word boil. So, when water gets to 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit, I think it starts to bubble and steam comes off it. By the way, it depends where you are. I think at sea level, water boils at 100 degrees.

Again, this is not a science lesson but I do know about boiling food. So, you heat water up in a pan when it starts to boil or even before but when it starts to boil, maybe you put in noodles or you put in rice or however you cook things and then you boil it for a certain amount of time and it will be cooked and ready to eat. We mostly boil noodles and sometimes we boil eggs. Those are the two things that we boil the most often. You can also steam food. Jen and I haven't done this for a while but we used to steam broccoli or we would steam rice. These are yummy looking dumplings. You can steam them as well. This means you are cooking the food with steam. So, when water boils, steam rises from the water as it boils and that steam is very very hot and you can use that steam to cook things. So, you basically have a pan of boiling water and then you might have another little pan that goes in the top of that pan and the steam comes through and cooks things. Steamed broccoli is quite yummy. Actually, steamed vegetables are really good. We should find our steamer. We have a we have a little rice cooker food steamer. We should find that somewhere because that is a yummy yummy way to cook food. And then of course, sometimes you cook food for too long and then food is burnt. So, this toast is burnt. It was in the toaster for too long and so it started to turn black. So, this is a burnt piece of toast.

We also sometimes have food that's overdone or overcooked.

I'm not going to say who but as a child, when I had cooked vegetables, they were often, the person making them often overcooked them. I like my green beans. Usually, we boil beans. That's another thing we boil. I usually boil them for two or three minutes and they're still quite bright green and a little bit crunchy. These beans in my opinion are a little bit overdone. They're a little bit overcooked. Whoever made these beans cook them for too long in my opinion. Some people like their beans to be a pale green like that but not me. I like things to be cooked just right and I don't think I have a slide for this but you can also have food that's undercooked. So, overcooked means you cooked it for too long. Undercooked means you didn't cook it long enough. So, you might say, oh, this pasta is isn't soft. It's undercooked or this boiled egg is isn't fully cooked inside. It's undercooked. Okay, let's talk briefly about the types of meals. In the morning, you eat breakfast. Around the middle of the day, you eat lunch. At night, you have either supper or dinner depending on what part of the English speaking world you live in. We use both words. Like, what time do you wanna have supper? What time do you wanna have dinner? And then you can also have a snack and a pick me up. So, let's go back to the beginning. Breakfast is the food you eat in the morning.

It's actually a combination of two words, break and fast. A fast is when you don't eat food for a certain amount of time. Some people fast because they would like to lose weight.

Some people fast for religious reasons. Maybe you fast for a day or two for religious reasons and then breakfast is actually two words, break fast to break your fast. So, basically, you don't eat at night because you're sleeping.

So, it's kind of a fasting state. You're you're the opposite of eating is fasting. And so, when you get up in the morning, you have breakfast in order to stop that. So, that's where that word came from. Typical breakfast in Canada would include eggs, maybe bacon, toast, bagels. We don't besides bacon, maybe sausage. Like, meat's not a super popular food for breakfast but also people will go through a drive-through. So, they might get a coffee. They might eat a donut for breakfast although that's considered unhealthy and people try to avoid that. Um probably the most common fast food at breakfast from a restaurant would be a breakfast sandwich. So, an egg with bacon and cheese, maybe on a biscuit or on an English muffin. I don't wanna go into too many details. For me, a typical breakfast might be some oatmeal, maybe some cereal, an egg, maybe some toast. Although lately, I don't eat breakfast as often as I used to. Lunch.

Lunch is the meal that you eat in the middle of the day. You might pack a lunch in the morning and take it to school or work with you or you might buy lunch. You might go out for lunch with some colleagues. A colleague might say, hey, you wanna go for lunch at 1230? And you'll say, sure. By the way, you can go out for lunch or go for lunch. Here in Canada,

Lunch often consists of sandwiches. Um people will get bread and they will put um you know lettuce or tomato. If they eat meat, they might put some sort of meat on the bread. They might have peanut butter. They might have jam um but uh sandwiches are still a fairly common item to eat for lunch.

Something that's made with bread and something that uh you can eat quickly and on the go and it's easy to take with you as well. And then supper or dinner. So this is probably one of the bigger meals of the day. This is the meal that might take the longest to prepare. In Canada, people eat a variety of foods for supper or for dinner. They might eat something where they have meat, potatoes. If they're vegetarian, they might have beans. Uh they might have hummus. They might have pizza. They might have hamburgers.

They might have, I can't think of, they might have soup. They might have stew. They might have fresh bread with um cheese.

There's just a variety of things that people eat for dinner and a common question would be, what would you like for dinner? That's something you hear quite often. Uh even at work, someone might say, what do you, what are you having for dinner tonight? I need some ideas for what I want to make and the other person might say, oh, we're having spaghetti or we're having lasagna uh or we're having soup because it's getting colder here. So, soup will become much more common and then a snack. A snack is just something you eat between meals. So, if there are three meals in the day, if that's how you like to eat breakfast, lunch, and supper, maybe in the middle of the morning, you get a little bit hungry. So, you have a snack, maybe a cookie, maybe a granola bar, maybe a banana, maybe an apple, you might have a healthy snack but a snack is just a little bit of food in the middle of the day because you're feeling a little bit hungry. Um it might be coffee time at work. Some people have a coffee break in the morning and so they might have a cup of tea or a cup of coffee and a little snack and then there's also something called a pick me up which is it's a snack that you eat when you need some energy. Yesterday, Jen and I uh were selling flowers at market and we worked for about three hours without eating and we didn't have time to stop for supper but we needed a little pick me up. Uh so I I went and bought a couple empanadas and we ate them. So, it wasn't like a full meal but it was something that just um helped us to feel get a little bit of food in our stomachs. Groceries. This is a general term for the food that you buy and even uh to the point where we call the store where you buy groceries, a grocery store. So, I regularly go to the grocery store. We sometimes call it a supermarket. I go there to buy groceries. So, when you go to a clothing store, you go to buy clothes. When you need food, you go buy groceries. You go to a grocery store or supermarket. Um our grocery stores have almost everything in Canada. There's a produce section where they have fruit and vegetables. There's a bakery usually in the grocery store. There's canned food, food in boxes. There's milk. There's frozen food. Everything you want for um eating is found in a grocery store um and pretty I was gonna say pretty reasonably priced although food has gotten quite expensive here in Canada recently in the last year or two. Someone who loves food is called a foodie.

I think we talked about this word in a previous lesson. If you know someone who loves to cook and is really good at it and they love to go out to eat and they're always talking about food, we might call that person a foodie. Someone who really really enjoys eating food, talking about food, watching videos about food, making food, um definitely talking about food would be a big one and then of course when you are done eating, you have to do the dishes or wash the dishes. You can use either term. You might do the dishes by hand in the sink. You might wash the dishes by hand. You might put the dishes in the dishwasher which we still might use the phrase do the dishes but we might just say we need to clean up and put the dishes in the dishwasher. When I think of doing the dishes, I actually think about scrubbing and rinsing and drying the dishes. If food is sour, it's like when you eat a lemon. Lemons are sour. It makes you make a face like that. It's a little different than bitter. Bitter means like cabbage is kind of bitter. Um so if a lemon is sour, cabbage is bitter. Some raw vegetables are a little bit bitter. Um I would say sour and bitter are are closely related but if you think about it, I would say a lemon is sour, cabbage is bitter. Sometimes if you harvest vegetables too early, they will be bitter which means they don't have as much natural sugar in them as they normally would. And then of course, we have sweet which means something has a lot of sugar in it. Um I like candies. I like brownies. This is a brownie. Uh we would call that. I like cookies. Those are all things that are very sweet. As I mentioned last night, one of my kids made cookies, chocolate chip cookies. They used white sugar, brown sugar, chocolate chips. It's a very sweet thing to eat. And then of course, there are things that are salty. So, chips, pretzels, popcorn, all of these have salt put on them and or have a lot of salt in them and so they are very very salty. In Canada, we use the word spicy and hot and spicy can mean two different things and hot can mean two different things. If I say something is spicy, I might mean that it has a lot of pepper in it and it's actually like burns my mouth. When I say something is hot, it can mean it has a lot of peppers and stuff in it or it can simply mean the food has been cooked and it's steaming because it's hot but uh I'm not someone who eats a lot of spicy or hot food. There are a lot of foods from other countries like