Before we start, let me just remind you that there is the question and answer part in the webinar tool where I encourage you to write down your questions, which you can write anytime during the webinar.

在我們開始之前，請允許我提醒大家，網絡研討會工具中有問答部分，我鼓勵大家寫下自己的問題，大家可以在網絡研討會期間隨時寫下自己的問題。

And if I notice them, we will answer them right on the spot because eventually this webinar is for you and we're here to really clarify any questions you might have.

如果我注意到這些問題，我們會當場回答，因為這次網絡研討會最終是為你們舉辦的，我們會在這裡真正澄清你們可能有的任何問題。

So let's go to it.

那我們就開始吧。

So our product range covers antennas, integration platforms, and brackets, but today we'll mainly speak about the antennas because obviously they are main product line and a little bit about the integration platforms at the end.

我們的產品範圍包括天線、集成平臺和支架，但今天我們主要談天線，因為天線顯然是我們的主打產品，最後再談一下集成平臺。

So the product map you see shows our antennas organized according to the beam shape, connector interface, and gain.

是以，您看到的產品圖顯示了我們根據波束形狀、連接器接口和增益組織的天線。

So the beam shape is changing in a vertical direction.

是以，光束形狀在垂直方向上發生了變化。

So the symmetrical antennas are in the top two lines, and the asymmetrical are below in the third line.

是以，對稱天線在上面兩行，不對稱天線在下面第三行。

And in a horizontal direction, the gain is changing and increasing from left to right.

在水準方向上，增益從左到右不斷變化和增加。

So the antennas with the low gain are on the very left.

是以，增益低的天線在最左邊。

And as you go progress to the right, the gain is increasing.

隨著你向右移動，增益也在增加。

But before we go to the antennas themselves, I will speak a little about the twist port and twist port adapters, which are displayed right here.

不過，在介紹天線本身之前，我想先介紹一下扭轉端口和扭轉端口適配器，它們就展示在這裡。

And understanding twist port will help you understand the overall advantages of that ecosystem compared to the traditional coaxial interface.

瞭解扭轉端口有助於瞭解該生態系統與傳統同軸接口相比的整體優勢。

So twist port is RF elements own proprietary waveguide connector that connects the radio with an antenna.

扭轉端口是射頻元件專有的波導連接器，用於連接無線電和天線。

And it has two essential advantages.

它有兩個基本優點。

So first, because it is a waveguide connector, twist port introduces practically zero loss into the system, which is very important to achieve excellent RF performance and deliver the maximum power from the radio to the antenna and eventually providing the furthest possible coverage.

首先，由於是波導連接器，扭轉端口對系統的損耗幾乎為零，這對於實現出色的射頻性能、將最大功率從無線電傳輸到天線並最終提供儘可能遠的覆蓋範圍非常重要。

The second advantage of the twist port is that it combines the radio mounting and RF connection into a single and easy to use interface.

扭轉端口的第二個優點是，它將無線電安裝和射頻連接整合為一個單一的、易於使用的接口。

So it is extremely easy and safe to operate.

是以，操作起來非常簡單和安全。

And twist port is not only RF connector between the radio and the antenna, but actually it mounts the radio on the antenna at the same time.

扭轉端口不僅是無線電和天線之間的射頻連接器，實際上還能將無線電安裝在天線上。

So when you insert and twist the radio, it locks automatically and stays mounted.

是以，當您插入並扭轉收音機時，它就會自動鎖定並保持安裝狀態。

And unlocking of the radio is equally easy.

無線電解鎖也同樣簡單。

So you just twist the outer ring of the twist port on the antenna, reverse the movement and the radio is released.

是以，您只需扭轉天線上扭轉端口的外環，然後反向運動，無線電就會被釋放。

In our radio design, which we consider a sort of a reference, which we set back in 2014, we removed the pigtails and integrated a transition from the waveguide to the radio directly into the circuit board.

在我們的無線電設計中，我們去掉了尾纖，直接在電路板上集成了從波導到無線電的過渡裝置。

So the radio can then be attached to any twist port antenna while introducing practically unmeasurable loss.

是以，無線電可以連接到任何扭轉端口天線上，同時帶來幾乎無法測量的損耗。

And this is why we consider twist port to be truly revolutionary interface, introducing a whole new ecosystem built on the advantages of the waveguide as a type of transmission line and at the same time also excellent mechanical design, which enables an easy connection with virtually zero loss RF performance.

這就是為什麼我們認為扭轉端口是真正革命性的接口，它引入了一個全新的生態系統，該系統建立在波導作為一種傳輸線的優勢之上，同時還採用了出色的機械設計，從而實現了輕鬆連接和幾乎零損耗的射頻性能。

So the twist port adapter solves a very simple task of converting the coaxial radio interface of third-party radios into a twist port male interface, and it enables intuitive connection of both the radio and the antenna.

是以，扭轉端口適配器解決了一個非常簡單的問題，即把第三方無線電設備的同軸無線電接口轉換為扭轉端口公接口，並能直觀地連接無線電設備和天線。

And twist port adapters are easy to use and have very low loss as well.

扭轉端口適配器使用方便，損耗也很低。

Now you can see on the animation what's inside a typical twist port adapter.

現在，您可以在動畫中看到一個典型的扭轉端口適配器的內部結構。

Now the coaxial cables that are connecting the waveguide to the radio, and these are high quality cables with semi-rigid shielding.

現在是連接波導和無線電的同軸電纜，這些都是帶有半剛性屏蔽的高質量電纜。

So the cables are integrated in the antenna body, I mean in the adapter body, sorry.

是以，電纜集成在天線本體中，我是說集成在適配器本體中，抱歉。

Because of that, you do not need to bend, connect or disconnect the cables over and over.

是以，您無需反覆彎曲、連接或斷開電纜。

And this results into a very stable and lasting performance really.

這確實帶來了非常穩定和持久的性能。

So the rest of the twist port adapter body is just designed to accommodate the most popular radios used in the WISP network, since most of the radios have different body shapes, we have a number of twist port adapters to fit them.

是以，扭轉端口適配器機身的其他部分只是為了適應 WISP 網絡中最常用的無線電而設計的，因為大多數無線電的機身形狀各不相同，所以我們有多種扭轉端口適配器來適應它們。

And all the adapters I'll show you on the following slide are compatible with every twist port antenna.

下面幻燈片上展示的所有適配器都與所有扭轉端口天線兼容。

So you don't have to worry about whether you will need a separate twist port adapter for each antenna.

是以，您不必擔心是否需要為每根天線配備單獨的扭轉端口適配器。

No, every twist port adapter fits and works with any twist port antenna.

不，每個扭轉端口適配器都適用於任何扭轉端口天線。

So the twist port adapters have three types of connection at the side of the radio.

是以，扭轉端口適配器在無線電一側有三種連接方式。

First is the most common radio interface is a pair of SMA connectors.

首先，最常見的無線電接口是一對 SMA 接頭。

And the radios with coaxial output are connected to the corresponding adapter by simply sliding the radio in until you hear a click.

而帶有同軸輸出的收音機則只需將收音機滑入相應的適配器，直到聽到 "咔噠 "一聲即可。

So the second type is that, you know, the few radios have a waveguide output and assembling a few parts together converts the third party waveguide output to twist port male connector as you see in this example.

第二種類型是，少數無線電設備有波導輸出，將幾個部件組裝在一起，就能將第三方波導輸出轉換為扭口公連接器，如本例所示。

And finally, many microtech radios come as a bare PCBs without any enclosure, in which case you need to insert a whole PCB into the adapter to make it work.

最後，許多微型技術無線電設備都是沒有任何外殼的裸 PCB，在這種情況下，您需要將整塊 PCB 插入適配器中才能使其工作。

And it is important to emphasize and remember that the twist port adapter works, any twist port adapter works with any twist port antenna.

需要強調和牢記的是，扭轉端口適配器可以與任何扭轉端口天線配合使用，任何扭轉端口適配器都可以與任何扭轉端口天線配合使用。

The adapters are specific on the side of the radio.

適配器具體位於無線電的側面。

Yes, that's because of the different shapes of the third party radios.

是的，這是因為第三方無線電的形狀不同。

But on the side of the antenna, there is always the same twist port connector, which is compatible with any twist port antenna.

但在天線的側面，始終有一個相同的扭轉端口連接器，可與任何扭轉端口天線兼容。

So once you have the right adapter for your radio, you can be sure you're all set and you can connect it with any twist port antenna you have.

是以，一旦您有了適合收音機的適配器，就可以確保一切就緒，並可將其與您擁有的任何扭轉端口天線連接起來。

And we have twist port adapters for four major radio brands in the WISP industry.

我們還為 WISP 行業的四大無線電品牌提供扭轉端口適配器。

So Cambium, Mimosa, Ubiquiti and Microtech.

所以有了 Cambium、Mimosa、Ubiquiti 和 Microtech。

And all of these adapters are really easy to use and provide really reliable and safe radio installation and removal.

所有這些適配器都非常易於使用，並能提供真正可靠和安全的無線電安裝和拆卸。

So for Cambium, we have two adapters, the TPA-EPMP in the top line and the TPA adapter E2K in the bottom.

是以，對於 Cambium 來說，我們有兩個適配器，上面的是 TPA-EPMP 適配器，下面的是 TPA 適配器 E2K。

So the one on the top is compatible with the EPMP1000 radios, both the client and the access point station and obviously the newer EPMP3000, which also has the client and the access point version.

是以，最上面的那個與 EPMP1000 無線電兼容，包括客戶端和接入點站，當然也包括較新的 EPMP3000，它也有客戶端和接入點版本。

The TPA adapter for E2K is working with the EPMP2000 as well as the newer EPMP400C, which is the recently released 802.11ax radio from Cambium.

用於 E2K 的 TPA 適配器可與 EPMP2000 和較新的 EPMP400C 配合使用，後者是 Cambium 最近發佈的 802.11ax 無線電設備。

For Ubiquiti, we have four adapters.

對於 Ubiquiti，我們有四個適配器。

So the TPA-PATH in the top left corner is compatible with the rocket PRISM-5AC, both first and second generation, as well as the AirFiber 5X and 5X-HD and also the newest LTU rocket.

是以，左上角的 TPA-PATH 可與第一代和第二代 PRISM-5AC 火箭、AirFiber 5X 和 5X-HD 以及最新的 LTU 火箭兼容。

The TPA, the twist port adapter for the ISO station in the lower left corner is compatible with the waveguide radios from Ubiquiti.

TPA 是左下角 ISO 站的扭轉端口適配器，與 Ubiquiti 的波導無線電兼容。

So ISO station M5, PRISM station and ISO station 5AC.

是以，ISO M5 站、PRISM 站和 ISO 5AC 站。

And we also have adapters for older Ubiquiti radios, such as rocket M5 in the top right corner and the rocket 5AC-Lite with the twist port adapter R5AC in the lower right corner.

我們還為老式 Ubiquiti 無線電設備提供了適配器，例如右上角的火箭 M5 和右下角帶有扭轉端口適配器 R5AC 的火箭 5AC-Lite。

For Mimosa radios, we have three adapters.

對於 Mimosa 無線電設備，我們有三種適配器。

So the TPA-C5C compatible with the Mimosa-C5C radio, then in the middle, the TPA-C5X compatible with Mimosa-C5X, which is a waveguide radio from Mimosa.

是以，TPA-C5C 與 Mimosa-C5C 無線電兼容，然後在中間，TPA-C5X 與 Mimosa-C5X 兼容，後者是 Mimosa 的波導無線電。

And for Mimosa-A5X, we also have a separate adapter called TPA-A5X.

對於 Mimosa-A5X，我們還有一個單獨的適配器，名為 TPA-A5X。

And for those of you who are using the MikroTik radios, we have two adapters.

對於使用 MikroTik 無線電設備的用戶，我們有兩種適配器。

So TPA-RBP in the lower line, which has a plastic body and TPA-RBC, which has a full metal body that offers a better protection of the radio from changing weather and the surrounding noise.

下線的 TPA-RBP 是塑膠機身，而 TPA-RBC 則是全金屬機身，能更好地保護無線電免受天氣變化和周圍噪音的影響。

And both of these are compatible with the Routerboard 4, 7 and 9 series, as well as the M11.

這兩款產品都與 Routerboard 4、7 和 9 系列以及 M11 兼容。

And finally, for those who prefer using twist port antennas with third-party radios, or for which we might not have a custom-fitting adapter, we have a connectorized twist port adapter available with two SMA connectors to which you can plug any radio with coaxial output, albeit a SMA output or an N-connector output.

最後，對於那些喜歡將扭轉端口天線與第三方無線電設備一起使用的用戶，或者對於我們可能沒有定製適配器的用戶，我們提供了一種帶有兩個 SMA 接頭的連接式扭轉端口適配器，您可以將任何帶有同軸輸出（SMA 輸出或 N 型接頭輸出）的無線電設備插入該適配器。

And since it's a lot to remember, which twist port adapter fits with what radio, we have prepared a cheat sheet for you for a quick reference.

由於需要記住哪種扭轉端口適配器適合哪種無線電，我們為您準備了一份小抄，以便快速參考。

Now you can download this cheat sheet from our webpage in the download section.

現在，您可以從我們網頁的 "下載 "部分下載這份小抄。

It's a PDF and you can either print it or just forward it to whoever needs the information and to have it at hand.

這是一份 PDF 文件，您既可以打印出來，也可以直接轉發給需要資訊的人，以便隨身攜帶。

So horn sector antennas are by far the most effective technology to deal with RF noise and unlicensed networks.

是以，號角扇形天線是目前應對射頻噪聲和非授權網絡最有效的技術。

So let's have a detailed look at how.

下面我們就來詳細瞭解一下。

So while the traditional sector radio, it's pretty much in every direction, which you see on the animation on the right side, the horn radiates only in the direction of the main lobe.

是以，傳統的扇形收音機幾乎可以向各個方向輻射，你可以從右側的動畫中看到這一點，而號角只向主葉方向輻射。

Now this is the essential advantage of horns.

這就是牛角的基本優勢。

There's zero side lobes radiation pattern.

零側葉輻射模式。

Now since side lobes collect and transmit the noise, getting rid of the side lobes equals getting rid of the noise.

由於邊葉會收集和傳播噪音，是以消除邊葉就等於消除噪音。

But simply saying an antenna has zero side lobes is somewhat vague.

但是，僅僅說天線的邊葉為零有點含糊不清。

It's like saying, well, I drove really fast instead of saying I drove 200 kilometers per hour or whatever the speed might be.

這就好比說，好吧，我開車開得很快，而不是說我每小時開了 200 公里或其他什麼速度。

Now is there a measure of the amount of side lobes an antenna has?

現在有衡量天線側葉數量的標準嗎？

Yes, there is.

是的，有。

It's beam efficiency.

這是光束效率。

And it is the ratio of the energy contained in the main lobe to the total energy an antenna radiates.

它是主波束所含能量與天線輻射總能量之比。

It's that simple.

就是這麼簡單。

In other words, it says what part of the radiated energy is contained in the main lobe.

換句話說，它表示輻射能量的哪一部分包含在主葉中。

And from that, meaning that the higher the beam efficiency is, the less side lobes an antenna has.

由此可見，波束效率越高，天線的側葉就越少。

So the maximum beam efficiency is a hundred percent, which is the best case.

是以，最大光束效率為百分之百，這是最好的情況。

And the closer the beam efficiency gets to zero percent, the more side lobes an antenna has.

波束效率越接近零%，天線的邊葉就越多。

Beam efficiency makes comparing two antennas in terms of side lobe performance extremely easy.

波束效率使比較兩根天線的側葉性能變得非常容易。

The higher number wins.

數字大者獲勝。

That's all.

僅此而已。

In this example, the symmetrical horn has beam efficiency of 94%.

在這個例子中，對稱喇叭的光束效率為 94%。

So only 6% of the power it radiates is in the side lobes.

是以，只有 6% 的輻射功率來自側葉。

And a typical patch array sector has beam efficiency 69%.

而典型的貼片陣列扇形的光束效率為 69%。

So the remaining 31% of the energy it radiates is in the side lobes.

是以，它輻射的其餘 31% 的能量都在側葉。

And clearly 94% is more than 69%, which therefore the symmetrical horn is way better antenna in terms of noise suppression.

很明顯，94% 比 69% 要高，是以就噪聲抑制而言，對稱喇叭是更好的天線。

And the rest of our horn sectors are no worse by any means.

而我們的其他喇叭部門也絕不遜色。

In fact, the average beam efficiency across all our horns is 93%.

事實上，我們所有喇叭的平均光束效率為 93%。

Ultrahorn, for example, has beam efficiency of 99%, which makes it the best antenna in terms of noise suppression on the West market, in our opinion, since it's really only 1% short of perfection in terms of noise suppression.

例如，Ultrahorn 的波束效率高達 99%，在我們看來，它是西方市場上噪聲抑制效果最好的天線，因為它在噪聲抑制方面真的只差 1%。

So co-locating increasing amount of patch array sectors is always problematic.

是以，將越來越多的貼片陣列扇區共定位始終是個問題。

You see a gradual decline of the network throughput and stability until you arrive at a point where even a single additional sector kills the site completely, which is shown in the right side of the animation.

您會看到網絡吞吐量和穩定性逐漸下降，直到出現動畫右側所示的情況，即即使增加一個扇區也會使網站完全癱瘓。

Now with horns, this problem is practically non-existent.

現在有了牛角，這個問題幾乎不存在了。

Now the zero side lobe radiation pattern enables predictable dense co-locations without any degradation of the network performance.

現在，零側葉輻射模式可實現可預測的密集共定位，而不會降低網絡性能。

Now since they don't have any side lobes, they don't collect or transmit the noise in its surroundings.

由於它們沒有任何側葉，是以不會收集或傳播周圍的噪音。

And you can see that especially at highly densely co-located sites.

特別是在高度密集的共用站點，你可以看到這一點。

So how densely can you actually co-locate horns?

那麼，共置喇叭的密度究竟有多大？

Well, these images give you a very clear answer.

這些圖片給了你一個非常明確的答案。

Really densely.

非常密集。

So much so many sectors on one side are only possible when using horns.

是以，只有在使用喇叭的情況下，才有可能在一側設置許多扇區。

No traditional sector will let you do this kind of deployments.

任何傳統行業都不會讓你進行這種部署。

The maximum gain further illustrates the advantages of horns.

最大增益進一步說明了喇叭的優勢。

So here you can see two curves.

是以，在這裡你可以看到兩條曲線。

The red curve is almost like a little hill, little hump.

紅色曲線幾乎就像一座小山，一個小駝峰。

And that's the maximum gain of the traditional sector.

這就是傳統行業的最大收益。

And it tells us that its maximum gain changes drastically within the useful frequency band, which is really undesirable.

而且它還告訴我們，其最大增益在有用頻段內會發生急劇變化，這確實不可取。

While the green line is almost completely horizontal.

而綠線幾乎完全水準。

And this is the maximum gain of a horn sector antenna.

這就是號角扇形天線的最大增益。

And that's exactly what you want from a sector antenna.

這正是您對扇形天線的要求。

Because regardless what frequency you use, the gain is pretty much the same.

因為無論使用什麼頻率，增益都是差不多的。

So you can rely on the performance you're seeing while switching the channels.

是以，您可以信賴切換頻道時看到的性能。

And the rest of the radiation pattern with horns is no different.

帶喇叭的其他輻射模式也是如此。

The frequency stability of the radiation pattern of horn is unmatched.

號角輻射模式的頻率穩定性無與倫比。

You can see it changing a little bit with the frequency, but the resulting change of the coverage area is really negligible.

你可以看到它隨著頻率的變化而發生了一些變化，但由此產生的覆蓋範圍變化其實微乎其微。

And the frequency stability is a factor important for connection stability when changing channels.

而頻率穩定性是更換頻道時保證連接穩定性的一個重要因素。

And with horns, there's practically no change in the coverage throughput throughout the useful spectrum.

而使用喇叭，整個有用頻譜的覆蓋吞吐量幾乎沒有變化。

And most patch array sector antennas have many silos and unfortunately also the main lobe that changes with frequency.

而大多數貼片陣列扇形天線都有許多筒倉，不幸的是，主瓣也會隨頻率變化。

This results into the coverage that's fluctuating.

這就導致了保險範圍的波動。

So obviously perceived throughout the sector, but especially by the customers at the edges of the sector as unstable throughput.

很明顯，整個行業，尤其是行業邊緣的客戶都認為吞吐量不穩定。

And also the fact that the side lobes change their shape and direction throughout the spectrum influences the spectrum you see at each frequency.

此外，側葉在整個頻譜中會改變形狀和方向，這也會影響您在每個頻率上看到的頻譜。

You cannot rely on what you see for one frequency that it will be the same on another simply because the side lobes are changing directions and they see different things when you switch between the channels.

您不能僅憑在一個頻率上看到的情況，就認為在另一個頻率上也是一樣的，因為邊葉的方向在變化，當您在不同頻道之間切換時，它們看到的情況也不一樣。

Unlike any antenna technology on the market, RF elements horns offer a unique tool set of 11 different antennas that really let you optimize the coverage you provide regardless of the customer density or distribution.

與市場上的任何天線技術不同，射頻元件喇叭提供了一套獨特的工具，包括 11 種不同的天線，無論客戶密度或分佈情況如何，都能讓您真正優化所提供的覆蓋範圍。

So the denser sectors with customers really densely packed in an area, the narrower beamwidth is what you want to use and vice versa.

是以，在客戶非常密集的區域，你需要使用較窄的波束寬度，反之亦然。

The lower customer density areas are better covered with wider beamwidth horns.

用戶密度較低的區域最好使用波束寬度更寬的喇叭。

And all the favorable properties of horn technology enable unlimited scalability of the five gigahertz wireless networks because if a sector performs reliably and with minimum noise, and you can keep adding sectors without degrading the performance of those already in place, you have won, really.

喇叭技術的所有有利特性使五千兆赫無線網絡具有無限的可擴展性，因為如果一個扇區的性能穩定，噪音最小，並且可以不斷增加扇區而不會降低現有扇區的性能，那麼你就贏了，真的。

You can plan your network coverage with precision and with all the horns at hand, the sky is the limit on how big your network can be.

您可以精確地規劃網絡覆蓋範圍，而且有了所有的喇叭，您的網絡規模將是無限的。

And this is the core message of our technology and sustainable and fast wireless.

這就是我們的技術和可持續快速無線技術的核心資訊。

Compared to the traditional patch array sector antenna with a very narrow beam in the elevation plane, horns have a symmetrical or asymmetrical beam.

傳統的貼片陣列扇形天線在仰角平面上的波束非常窄，相比之下，喇叭形天線具有對稱或不對稱的波束。

So the symmetrical one means that it has the same width in elevation and azimuth.

是以，對稱的意思是它在仰角和方位角的寬度相同。

An asymmetrical horn radiation pattern combines the best of the horn technology and patch which is the shape of the main beam that is similar to the patch array with a narrower beam in the elevation plane, but at the same time, it has zero side lobes as all our horns do.

非對稱號角輻射模式結合了號角技術和貼片技術的優點，其主波束的形狀與貼片陣列相似，但在仰角平面上波束較窄，同時，與我們所有的號角一樣，它的側葉為零。

Now with the traditional patch array sectors, it's hard to cover the areas near the site or below the site.

現在使用傳統的貼片陣列扇區，很難覆蓋站點附近或站點下方的區域。

With horns, both symmetrical and asymmetrical, this problem is non-existent.

無論是對稱還是不對稱的角，都不存在這個問題。

Thanks to that extra beam width in the elevation plane horns offer, the coverage of areas near the tower is automatic regardless of the landscape type.

由於高程平面喇叭提供了額外的波束寬度，是以無論景觀類型如何，都能自動覆蓋塔臺附近的區域。

And this difference is the most obvious in the mountainous areas where the traditional patch array sectors really fail because of that narrow elevation beam width.

這種差異在山區最為明顯，傳統的貼片陣列扇形由於海拔波束寬度較窄而無法發揮作用。

But our horns do just fine thanks to those extra degrees in the beam width in the elevation plane.

但是，由於仰角平面的波束寬度增加了幾度，我們的喇叭就能做得很好。

Down tilt is a huge factor influencing the coverage area at least with the patch array sectors.

向下傾斜是影響覆蓋範圍的一個重要因素，至少在貼片陣列扇區是如此。

Now you can see that anything beyond a few degrees of down tilt makes the patch array practically useless.

現在你可以看到，只要向下傾斜超過幾度，貼片陣列就會失去作用。

You completely lose the coverage of the distant areas and all that at a few degrees of down tilt, what is like five or six or four even.

只要向下傾斜幾度，比如 5 度、6 度或 4 度，就會完全失去對遙遠地區的覆蓋。