Name: 學習卡洛-坎防禦 | 10 分鐘國際象棋開局 (Learn the Caro-Kann Defense | 10-Minute Chess Openings)
Uploaded: 2025-02-02T09:30:04.000Z
Duration: 9 min 26 s

Today, you are going to learn how to play the Karo-Kan Defense, which happens after White plays e4, the King's Pawn, and you respond with c6, and on your second move, you will play d5.

今天，你們將學習如何進行卡洛坎防禦。白方下 e4（國王卒）後，你們迴應 c6，第二步下 d5。

Normally, what White does here is play the second pawn, and then you respond this way.

通常情況下，白方會在這裡下第二顆兵，然後你會這樣迴應。

進階形容詞比較級句型

White, of course, can also move a knight or this knight out as early as move 2, but for now let's try to be principled.

當然，白方也可以早在第2步就移動一個馬或這個馬，但現在我們還是要講原則。

White plays two pawns in the center, and you play d5.

白方在中央下兩個兵，而你下 d5。

The way we can break down the Karo-Kan starting position is the fact that White has three options with the e-pawn.

我們可以將卡洛坎起手局面分解為：白方在e兵上有三種選擇。

White can push it, White can capture your pawn, or White can leave this pawn here and protect it, or in some cases, just forget that it's not guarded and you will take it in that case.

白方可以推它，白方可以吃掉你的兵，或者白方可以把這顆兵留在這裡並保護它，或者在某些情況下，乾脆忘了它沒有被保護，在這種情況下你會吃掉它。

Now, in this position, essentially White has two ways of playing.

現在，在這個局面中，白方基本上有兩種下法。

White can either play the move c4 and challenge your pawn immediately, which is called the Panov Variation, or White can just develop pieces normally and not really challenge your setup at all.

白方要麼下c4這步棋，立即挑戰你的兵，這就是帕諾夫變化；要麼白方就正常發展棋子，完全不挑戰你的佈局。

So that way, if White develops normally, your next moves are basically automatic.

這樣一來，如果白方發展正常，你的下一步棋基本上就是自動的了。

You're going to play knight c6 and knight f6, okay, knights before bishops.

你要下騎士 c6 和騎士 f6，好吧，騎士先於主教。

Then you will decide where to put this light-squared bishop.

然後再決定如何放置這枚白格主教。

也許你想把它放在 F5 或 G4 上。

Maybe you get pinned, and you want to play bishop d7.

也許你被牽制了，想下主教 d7。

After you decide what to do with the light-squared bishop, you will move this pawn, get your dark-squared bishop out, and then you will castle.

在決定如何處理白格主教之後，您將移動這隻卒，取出黑格主教，然後入堡。

Now you will get your bishop out to f5. g4, excuse me, g4 can be good if there's a pin, but right now there's no pin because the bishop is here.

g4，不好意思，如果有牽制的話，g4會很好，但現在沒有牽制，因為主教在這裡。

Castles, e6, bishop f4, bishop e7 or d6 is completely fine.

城堡、e6、主教 f4、主教 e7 或 d6 完全沒問題。

Congratulations, you now know how to play the exchange variation of the Karakhan Defense.

恭喜你，現在你知道如何下卡拉漢防禦的交換變化了。

Your next moves could be playing on the queen side.

你的下一步棋可能是在皇后一側下棋。

Sometimes you can hop your knight into the center of the board, but in general, I'm not going to go too crazy on the in-depth analysis.

有時你可以把馬跳到棋盤中央，但一般情況下，我不會進行太深入的分析。

Now when white tries to play an early c4, what I recommend is starting out with the knights as well, but here when c4 happens, I actually recommend playing a bit more solidly with e6 right away just to solidify your center, and then you can, after developing your pieces, put your bishop on b7.

現在，當白棋試圖提前下c4時，我建議也先下騎士，但在這裡下c4時，我其實建議先下e6，這樣可以穩固你的中心，然後你可以在發展棋子後把主教放在b7。

So when c4 happens, go for e6, let's say something like this, and then after castles, castles, maybe you play b6 and bishop b7.

是以，當出現 c4 時，走 e6，比方說這樣，然後在入堡、入堡之後，也許你會下 b6 和主教b7。

Another thing that you can consider is that when this bishop moves once, you can take the pawn, and that will make the bishop move a second time.

還有一點可以考慮的是，當這隻象移動一次時，你可以吃掉這隻卒，這樣就能讓這隻象移動第二次。

So a little trick there, you make your opponent move the bishop a second time, and then you castle and play b6, bishop b7, and you have a nice and solid structure.

是以，你可以用一個小技巧，讓對手第二次移動象，然後你攻城並下b6，象下b7，這樣你就有了一個漂亮而穩固的結構。

So that's the exchange, that's the position after white captures.

這就是交換，這就是白棋吃掉之後的局面。

Now white also can just play a move that protects the pawn.

現在白棋也可以下一步保護兵的棋。

Now any time this pawn is left there, you take it, okay?

只要這枚棋子還在 你就拿走它，好嗎？

And you do that, they recapture normally.

你這樣做，他們就會正常地重新捕獲。

There is also one gambit here, that gambit is called the Blackmore-Demer gambit, and that's with f3, and basically white wants you to take and help them develop with a big initiative.

這裡還有一種棄兵，這種棄兵被稱為布萊克摩爾-德梅爾棄兵（Blackmore-Demer gambit），使用的是 f3，基本上白方希望你採取大主動並幫助他們發展。

針對這種情況，我建議只管用力。

Just give the pawn back, leave this pawn ugly, and continue with your natural development.

只要把卒還回去，讓這顆卒醜陋下去，然後繼續你的自然發展。

The protect variation of the Caro-Kann, or the classical variation, is very solid.

Caro-Kann 的保護變體或經典變體非常穩固。

You have two ways of playing it, I'm going to give you every single way.

你有兩種玩法，我給你每一種。

You have knight f6 right away, challenging this knight's authority in the center, and if they capture, you can explore two options here.

你馬上就有馬 f6，挑戰這個馬在中央的權威，如果他們吃掉，你可以在這裡探索兩個選擇。

The Tartikauer, which is the e takes f6, bishop out, castle is very solid, you do have doubled pawns, but they're very nice to protect against a king invasion, or you have the more dynamic and crazy gf6.

塔爾提考爾（Tartikauer），即 e 吃 f6，出象，城堡非常堅固，你確實有雙兵，但它們很好地抵禦了國王的入侵，或者你也可以走更有活力、更瘋狂的 gf6。

Now gf6 is called Braunschwein-Larsen, and g takes f6 allows you to get the open g file, and allows you quick queenside development, and you're going to try to castle the long way, okay?

現在，gf6被稱為布勞恩施韋因-拉森（Braunschwein-Larsen），g吃f6可以讓你獲得開放的g位，讓你快速發展皇后邊，而你將嘗試走長路攻城，好嗎？

So knight f6, now they also don't have to take, in which case you just need to develop your pieces.

所以馬f6，現在他們也不用吃了，在這種情況下，你只需要發展你的棋子。

So you can fianchetto and castle, you can play the bishop out to g4, obviously you can't play bishop f5 anymore, but even when they retreat, I sometimes like to go crazy h5 h4.

是以，你可以邊下邊攻城，可以把象下到 g4，顯然你不能再下象 f5 了，但即使他們撤退了，我有時也喜歡瘋狂地下 h5 h4。

Some people will retreat, those people don't really know what they're doing.

有些人會退縮，但那些人並不知道自己在做什麼。

And what's considered the classical main line is bishop f5, okay?

而被認為是經典主線的是主教 f5，明白嗎？

So bishop f5 attacks the knight, sometimes you'll trade it, if the knight comes back, you also come back.

是以，主教 f5 攻擊騎士，有時你會交換，如果騎士回來，你也回來。

If they try to trap your bishop, make a little space for it.

如果他們試圖困住你的主教，給它留出一點空間。

This is the main line, there have been tens of thousands of games played here, this is not a full openings course, I'm just giving you a breakdown of the theory around this position.

這是主線，這裡已經下了數萬盤棋，這不是一個完整的開局課程，我只是給你分析一下圍繞這個局面的理論。

But the protect variation, or the classical variation in general is not too scary with the knight, you can just take and go for this knight f6 or bishop f5 setup with e6 as well.

但保護變例或一般的經典變例中的馬並不太可怕，你可以直接走馬f6或象f5，再加上e6。

The one thing about the protect variation, this one looks a little bit strange, not scary, but it's actually pretty dangerous, it's called the fantasy variation, and against this what I like to do is I like to just go g6, bishop g7, and then slowly try to chip away at white's center.

關於保護變例，這個看起來有點奇怪，並不可怕，但實際上很危險，它被稱為幻想變例，對付這個變例，我喜歡走g6，象走g7，然後慢慢地試圖削掉白棋的中心。

So something like this, this might happen, white tries to castle queenside, you can play different moves here like taking at some moment and developing, that's one way to play this position.

是以類似這樣的情況可能會發生：白棋試圖在皇后邊攻城，你可以在這裡下不同的棋步，比如在某個時刻攻城並發展，這是下這個局面的一種方法。

Another way is the very open fantasy variation, which is when you play takes, takes, and just launch out with e5.

另一種方法是非常開放的幻想變化，也就是下吃、吃，然後直接用 e5 發起。

And of course then if they capture, you don't take the queen, you have this nasty check, and you're attacking the e-pawn as well.

當然，如果他們吃掉了皇后，你就不會吃掉皇后，你就會吃掉令人討厭的將軍，而且你還會攻擊 e 兵。

So there's also e6, the very very solid anti-fantasy variation, but that is one thing that you should know, this is for the more advanced players, you will be facing f3 quite a bit, I think much more than folks that are beginners.

還有 e6，非常非常穩固的反幻想變化，但有一點你要知道，這是為更高級的棋手準備的，你會經常面對 f3，我想比初學者要多得多。

And I should just say that if white starts out with a knight move, all of the same stuff applies, there could be the advance, there could be the captures, and if they play something like this, just take, just take and go knight f6 or go bishop f5, it's all the same.

我想說的是，如果白棋先走馬，所有的招法都是一樣的，有可能是推進，有可能是吃掉，如果他們下這樣的棋，只要吃掉，只要吃掉，然後走馬f6或象f5，都是一樣的。

Now let's look at the advanced variation.

There are two ways to play the advanced variation, the variation that I like to suggest for folks, which is c5.

高級變化有兩種下法，也就是我喜歡向大家推薦的變化，即 c5。

The immediate counter-strike in the center, and basically if white does not take this pawn, white plays knight f3, or white plays c3, trying to keep the center together, your next few moves are very natural.

中腹立即反擊，基本上如果白棋不吃掉這顆兵，白棋下馬f3，或者白棋下c3，試圖保持中腹的凝聚力，那麼你接下來的幾步棋就很自然了。

You're going to play something like knight c6, move this bishop out depending on where this knight is, if the knight goes to f3, you will pin it.

你的下法類似於騎士 c6，根據騎士的位置移動這隻象，如果騎士走到 f3，你就會夾住它。

And then try to play e6, important to move the bishop, then play e6 so you don't block the bishop in.

然後嘗試下 e6，重要的是移動象，然後下 e6，這樣就不會把象擋住了。

At a certain moment you will take on d4 and finish your development, so something like this.

在某一時刻，你將迎戰 d4 並完成你的發展，所以類似這樣。

In a lot of these positions, the d4 pawn becomes the liability for white.

在很多這樣的局面中，d4 兵都成了白棋的負擔。

Notice how I did that, I took the knight to destabilize white's center, then took and then played e6.

注意我是怎麼做的，我先吃掉馬，破壞白棋中腹的穩定，然後吃掉馬，接著下 e6。

The development of these pieces is a little bit tricky, but your knight comes out to f5 or to g6, excuse me, or to g6, so it's going to take the knight a couple moves to develop in the advanced variation, but you should be able to do it with ease.

這些棋子的發展有點棘手，但你的馬會走到 f5 或 g6，不好意思，或者 g6，是以在高級變化中，馬的發展需要幾步棋，但你應該可以輕鬆做到。

The most critical approach is to take this pawn, now I still recommend knight c6, there's a little bit of venom here, you know, white can play like f4 for example, which is in my course, but the same principles apply, if the knight comes out, the bishop comes out, and after the bishop comes out, you will try to regain the c-pawn with your bishop, and have a nice and steady position.

最關鍵的方法是吃掉這顆兵，現在我仍然推薦馬c6，這裡有一點毒，你知道，白棋可以下比如f4，這在我的課程中也有，但同樣的原則也適用，如果馬出來了，象也出來了，象出來後，你會嘗試用你的象重新奪回c兵，並擁有一個漂亮而穩定的局面。

The other way if you don't want to play c5 is bishop f5, this is considered the main line, and now your approach is to play c5, but by playing e6 and c5 immediately.

如果你不想下 c5，另一種下法是象 f5，這被認為是主線，現在你的下法是下 c5，但要立即下 e6 和 c5。

The most challenging setup to the bishop f5 variation is called the short variation, white plays knight f3 and bishop b2 and castles, you can do a little bit of exploration there, another very aggressive system as well is knight c3, to try to play g4 very early, you've got to be careful not to get your bishop trapped, and that is on full display after h4.

主教 f5 變化最具挑戰性的佈局被稱為短變化，白方下馬 f3 和主教 b2 並攻城，你可以在這裡做一些探索，另一個非常有侵略性的系統是馬 c3，嘗試在很早的時候下 g4，你必須小心不要讓你的主教被困，這一點在 h4 之後得到了充分展示。

If the h-pawn moves, you need to respond with the h-pawn, because if you play e6, you will get your bishop trapped.

如果h兵移動，你需要用h兵迴應，因為如果你下e6，你的象就會被困住。

Do not get your bishop trapped, make sure that your bishop always has some space, if they move the h-pawn early with h4, I highly recommend just h5, and then playing from there.

不要讓你的象被困住，確保你的象始終有一定的空間，如果他們提前用 h4 移動了 h 兵，我強烈建議只下 h5，然後從那裡開始下棋。

But seeing as this is a brief video on the Karakhan, I think that basically covers everything you need to know.

不過，鑑於這只是一個關於喀喇汗的簡短視頻，我想這基本上已經涵蓋了你需要知道的一切。

Just from watching this video, you should be able to go play some practice games, get a little bit of experience, and grind from there.

只要看了這段視頻，你就應該能夠去打一些練習賽，積累一點經驗，然後再從那裡開始磨練。

Hope this was useful, I should also say right before we go that since this is only against the king's pawn, a good supplement to this is the slob defense against d4, so you can start a lot of your games with c6, d5, and getting familiar with those structures.

希望這對你有所幫助，在下棋之前我還想說的是，由於這只是針對國王的兵，所以針對 d4 的斯洛佈防御是一個很好的補充，這樣你就可以在很多對局中以 c6、d5 開始，並熟悉這些結構。

 Let me know your thoughts in the comments below, in particular, which openings you want me to cover in a 10 minute video just like this one, like the video if you haven't already, and I will see you in the next 10 minutes openings video.

請在下面的評論中告訴我您的想法，特別是您希望我在 10 分鐘的視頻中介紹哪些開放項目，如果您還沒有喜歡這個視頻，請點贊，我們將在下一個 10 分鐘的開放視頻中再見。