This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

這裡是來自 BBC Learning English 的 6 分鐘英語。

I'm Phil.

我是菲爾

And I'm Beth.

我叫貝絲

Phil, what makes home special for you?

菲爾，是什麼讓你覺得家與眾不同？

Maybe it's sleeping in your own bed, the view from the window or a loved family pet.

也許是睡在自己的床上，也許是窗外的風景，也許是心愛的寵物。

What makes you feel like you're home, You know what?

是什麼讓你有回家的感覺？

I think it's just relaxing on my sofa in my living room.

我想我只是在客廳的沙發上放鬆一下。

Very nice.

非常好

Well, you might not realise it, but for your brain, one of the strongest identifiers of home is smell.

你可能沒有意識到，對於你的大腦來說，家的最有力的識別標誌之一就是氣味。

Listen as BBC presenters Marnie Chesterton and Tristan Arton describe the smells which give them the feeling of home.

請聽 BBC 節目主持人瑪妮-切斯特頓（Marnie Chesterton）和特里斯坦-阿頓（Tristan Arton）描述哪些氣味能給他們帶來家的感覺。

My granddad's house smells of pine and damp and musty books.

我爺爺的房子裡瀰漫著松樹、潮溼和發黴書籍的味道。

I know my mum's perfume, my dad's preferred soap.

我知道媽媽喜歡的香水，爸爸喜歡的肥皂。

In this programme, we'll be finding out why our sense of smell is so important to feeling at home, even when we don't notice it.

在本節目中，我們將瞭解為什麼嗅覺對家的感覺如此重要，即使我們沒有注意到它。

As always, we'll be introducing some useful new vocabulary.

我們將一如既往地介紹一些有用的新詞彙。

And if you head over to our website, bbclearningenglish.com, you'll find a transcript of the programme to read along with as you listen.

如果您訪問我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com，您會發現節目的文字稿，可以邊聽邊閱讀。

And there's a free worksheet too.

還有一份免費的工作表。

Good idea, Beth.

好主意，貝絲。

But now it's time for my question.

現在該我提問了。

The sense of smell is incredibly powerful, but not everyone has it.

嗅覺是非常強大的，但並不是每個人都擁有它。

A small amount of the population is anosmic, meaning they can't smell.

有一小部分人是無嗅者，也就是說他們聞不到氣味。

So, according to research at the University of Reading, what percentage of people have no sense of smell?

那麼，根據雷丁大學的研究，有多大比例的人沒有嗅覺呢？

Is it A, 2%?

是 A 還是 2%？

B, 5%?

B, 5%?

Or C, 7%?

還是 C，7%？

I'm going to say B, 5%.

我認為是 B，5%。

Well, we'll find out the correct answer later in the programme.

好吧，我們稍後會在節目中找到正確答案。

Have you ever come back home from holiday and noticed a strange smell in your house?

您是否曾在度假回家後發現家裡有一股奇怪的味道？

If you have, don't worry, it's not bad.

如果有，別擔心，還不錯。

In fact, there's a scientific reason for it, as science writer Tristan Arsone explained to BBC World Service programme Unexpected Elements.

事實上，科學作家特里斯坦-阿松（Tristan Arsone）在英國廣播公司世界服務節目 "意想不到的元素"（Unexpected Elements）中解釋說，這是有科學道理的。

One thing I've been thinking about is that every house or home has, well, a smell to it.

我一直在想一件事，那就是每棟房子或每個家都有自己的味道。

You might really notice this in your own home when you come back from a long trip and you step through your front door and things smell, well, just kind of a bit weird.

當你長途旅行歸來，踏進家門時，你可能會真正注意到這一點。

While there's a good chance your house might smell strange because it's been closed up for a few weeks, there's also a chance you might be smelling your home as it usually smells, but you just don't notice it when you're there.

雖然您的房子很有可能因為關閉了幾周而散發出奇怪的味道，但也有可能您聞到的是家裡平時的味道，只是您在家裡時沒有注意到而已。

Tristan says that when you return home after being away, there's a good chance your house smells weird, an adjective meaning strange or unusual.

特里斯坦說，當你外出歸來時，家裡很有可能會散發出奇怪的味道，這個形容詞的意思是奇怪或不尋常。

If you say there's a good chance that something will happen, you mean there's a high likelihood or probability of it.

如果你說某件事情很有可能發生，那麼你的意思就是很有可能或概率會發生。

The truth is that every home has a smell, although we're so used to it, we usually don't notice.

事實上，每個家庭都有一種氣味，儘管我們已經習以為常，但通常不會注意到。

When we breathe in, receptor cells in the nose detect molecules in the air and send them to olfactory organs in the brain.

當我們吸氣時，鼻子中的受體細胞會檢測空氣中的分子，並將它們傳送到大腦中的嗅覺器官。

These analyse the smells for danger.

它們會分析危險的氣味。

The reason you can't smell your own home is that it isn't a threat to you.

你之所以聞不到自己家的氣味，是因為它對你不構成威脅。

Here's science writer Tristan Artone again explaining more to BBC World Service programme Unexpected Elements.

下面是科普作家特里斯坦-阿通（Tristan Artone）再次向英國廣播公司世界服務節目《意想不到的元素》（Unexpected Elements）介紹更多情況。

Well, by filtering out common, non-threatening smells, it makes it easier to detect things out that might be dangerous.

那麼，通過過濾掉常見的、不具威脅性的氣味，就能更容易地檢測出可能具有危險性的東西。

So, for example, if you forget about your toast and it starts to burn, you can typically smell that quickly because it's a change to the environment that you're in.

是以，舉個例子，如果你忘了吃吐司，吐司開始燒焦，你通常很快就能聞到，因為你所處的環境發生了變化。

Then the other parts of your brain kick in to understand the smell of smoke as a potential harm or threat.

然後，大腦的其他部分開始將煙味理解為一種潛在的傷害或威脅。

But even if we can't smell our own homes, the scent of them still matters because it's entangled with our recognition of comfort and security.

但是，即使我們聞不到自己家的氣味，它們的氣味仍然很重要，因為它與我們對舒適感和安全感的認識息息相關。

By filtering out familiar smells, our brains are able to detect other smells which are out of the ordinary, unusual or uncommon, and which may be dangerous.

通過過濾掉熟悉的氣味，我們的大腦能夠檢測到其他不尋常、不尋常或不常見的氣味，而這些氣味可能是危險的。

To filter something out means to remove or separate something unwanted from something else.

過濾是指將不需要的東西從其他東西中去除或分離出來。

For example, filtering out the smell of home means we notice the smell of burning toast or other smells alerting us to possible danger.

例如，過濾掉家裡的味道意味著我們會注意到烤麵包的味道或其他提醒我們可能存在危險的味道。

Even though we don't usually notice the scent, the particular smell of our home, it still has an effect on the brain's limbic system, which handles memory and emotion.

儘管我們通常不會注意到家裡的氣味，但它仍然會對大腦邊緣系統產生影響，而邊緣系統負責處理記憶和情緒。

This explains why smell has such a strong effect on our feelings and why we feel comfortable and safe at home.

這就解釋了為什麼氣味會對我們的感覺產生如此強烈的影響，以及為什麼我們在家裡會感到舒適和安全。

Right.

對

So, Phil, isn't it time to reveal the answer to your question?

那麼，菲爾，是不是該揭曉你問題的答案了呢？

Yes, it is.

是的，就是這樣。

I asked you what percentage of the population is anosmic?

我問你，無精子症患者在人口中佔多大比例？

That means they can't smell.

這意味著它們聞不到氣味。

And the answer is B, 5%, which is what you said, I think.

答案是 B，5%，我想這就是你說的。

It is, yeah.

沒錯

Well done.

幹得好

OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt in this programme, starting with anosmic, meaning having no sense or a limited sense of smell.

好了，讓我們回顧一下我們在本課程中學到的詞彙，首先是無嗅覺，意思是沒有嗅覺或嗅覺有限。

The adjective weird means strange, odd or bizarre.

形容詞怪異的意思是奇怪、古怪或離奇。

When someone says there's a good chance something will happen, they mean it's quite likely to happen.

當有人說某件事情很有可能發生時，他們的意思是很有可能發生。

The phrase out of the ordinary means unusual, uncommon or exceptional.

出格 "一詞的意思是不尋常、不常見或特殊。

If you filter something out, you remove or separate something unwanted from a substance.

如果過濾掉某些東西，就是從物質中去除或分離出不需要的東西。

And finally, a scent is a distinctive smell, often a pleasant one, although it can also mean the smell made by an animal.

最後，氣味是一種獨特的氣味，通常是一種令人愉悅的氣味，儘管它也可以指動物發出的氣味。

Once again, our six minutes are up, but if you enjoyed listening to this programme, you'll find many more, along with a worksheet with a quiz you can try, on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

我們的六分鐘時間又到了，但如果您喜歡聽這個節目，您還可以在我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com 上找到更多節目，以及附有測驗的工作表。

See you there soon.

到時見。

Bye.

再見。