My name is Marco.

我叫馬可。

And my name is Catherine.

我叫凱瑟琳

So, Marco, today we've got a little bit of an unusual lesson because we're talking about hypothetical situations.

所以，馬可，今天我們要上一堂不同尋常的課，因為我們談論的是假設情況。

Right.

對

We're talking about a unreal situation or something that may happen or may not happen.

我們談論的是一種不真實的情況，或是可能發生也可能不會發生的事情。

Okay.

好的

So, you're going to hear all about this in today's dialogue.

所以，在今天的對話中，你們將聽到有關這方面的所有內容。

We're going to hear it a couple of times.

我們要聽幾遍。

When we come back, we'll be breaking it down for you so you know all about these great phrases and how to talk about not real situations with your friends.

回來後，我們將為您詳細解讀，讓您瞭解這些精彩短語，以及如何與朋友談論不真實的情況。

Okay.

好的

Next question.

下一個問題

If Eric asked you out on a date, what would you say?

如果埃裡克約你出去，你會怎麼說？

Duh.

咄。

I would say yes.

我會說是的。

Eric is the most popular kid in school.

埃裡克是學校裡最受歡迎的孩子。

Okay.

好的

My turn.

輪到我了

What would you do if you won the lottery?

如果你中了彩票，你會怎麼做？

Let's see.

讓我們看看

If I won the lottery, I would buy two tickets for trips around the world.

如果我中了彩票，我會買兩張環遊世界的彩票。

If you buy me a ticket, I'll go with you for sure.

如果你給我買票，我肯定和你一起去。

My dad would freak out if I even mentioned a trip like that.

如果我提起這樣的旅行，我爸會抓狂的。

All right.

好吧

This is a good one.

這是一個很好的例子。

What would your mom say if you told her that you're going to get married?

如果你告訴你媽媽你要結婚了，她會怎麼說？

If I told her that, she would faint and have me committed.

如果我告訴她，她一定會暈倒，然後把我送進精神病院。

All right.

好吧

So I think that was clear and well, a very common situation.

是以，我認為這很清楚，也是一種很常見的情況。

Two teenage girls talking to each other about, you know, boys and what would you do and da da da.

兩個十幾歲的女孩互相談論，你知道，男孩，你會怎麼做，噠噠噠。

Guys do this too.

男人們也會這麼做。

So don't just put this on the girls.

所以，不要只把這個責任推給女孩們。

Okay.

好的

I don't think we do it like this though.

但我不認為我們會這樣做。

No, but it's actually a very popular game in the car to play.

沒有，但這其實是車裡很流行的一種遊戲。

The what-if game.

假設遊戲

The what-if game.

假設遊戲

Exactly.

沒錯。

And that's exactly the topic that we want to talk about today is the structure what-if, which is actually called a conditional.

這正是我們今天要討論的主題，即 what-if 結構，它實際上被稱為條件。

All right.

好吧

So conditional because the result, the thing that happens depends on something else.

所以是有條件的，因為結果、發生的事情取決於其他東西。

Exactly.

沒錯。

So let's actually take a look at the words in today's language takeaway before we talk about all this grammar stuff.

是以，在談論這些文法問題之前，讓我們先來看看今天的語言外賣中的單詞。

Language takeaway.

語言方面的收穫。

Okay.

好的

So we'll start out with some basic words.

是以，我們將從一些基本詞彙開始。

Well, you know, they were talking about guys and she said, if Eric asked you out, right?

你知道，他們在談論男人 她說，如果埃裡克約你出去，對嗎？

So to ask somebody out.

所以要約人出去。

Okay.

好的

So this might be a little bit strange because you think, okay, to ask is to ask a question, but to ask out, it's a fixed phrase.

所以這可能有點奇怪，因為你會覺得，好吧，"問 "就是提問，但 "問出 "卻是一個固定的短語。

It's something you say.

這是你說的話。

These two words go together, right?

這兩個詞是相輔相成的，對嗎？

So I want to ask someone out.

所以我想約一個人出去。

That means I want to invite someone on a date.

這意味著我想邀請某人約會。

On a romantic date.

浪漫約會

Usually.

通常。

So yeah, I want to ask him out to dinner or he asked me out to the movies.

所以是的，我想約他出去吃飯，或者他約我去看電影。

Now if I didn't want to ask somebody out on a romantic date, what verb would you use?

現在，如果我不想約別人出去浪漫約會，你會用什麼動詞？

I'd say you could invite someone out, but then again, it's always a little bit, well, you can say invite for someone if you're going to ask them on a date too.

我想說，你可以邀請別人出去，但話又說回來，如果你也要約別人出去，你可以說邀請別人出去，這總是有點，嗯。

So I say to ask out is always romantic and to invite can be romantic or just friends.

所以我說，約出來總是浪漫的，而邀請可以是浪漫的，也可以只是朋友。

Okay.

好的

So to ask somebody out now, uh, they were talking about other situations and maybe they would go on a trip or something.

所以，現在要約別人出去，呃，他們在談論其他情況，也許他們會去旅行什麼的。

And she said, my dad would freak out.

她說，我爸會抓狂的。

This is a great phrase.

這句話很好。

This is something that I used a lot when I was a teenager.

這是我十幾歲時經常使用的東西。

The word freak out.

這個詞嚇壞了。

Freak out.

嚇壞了

So the verb to freak out means to be really angry or upset or, you know, it could be a good thing or a bad thing, but usually when we're talking about our parents, it's a bad thing.

所以，"抓狂 "這個動詞的意思是非常生氣或心煩意亂，你知道，這可能是一件好事，也可能是一件壞事，但通常當我們談論父母時，這就是一件壞事。

It's a bad thing.

這是一件壞事。

So they get angry.

所以他們很生氣。

They start yelling at you.

他們開始對你大喊大叫。

Yeah.

是啊

So freak out means like overreact.

所以，"抓狂 "就是反應過度的意思。

All right.

好吧

And, uh, the last word that we have in language takeaway today is, uh, committed.

我們今天的最後一個詞是 "承諾"。

Well, let's look at the whole phrase.

好吧，我們來看看整句話。

He says she would have me committed.

他說她會把我送進監獄。

So this is actually being done to someone.

是以，這實際上是在對某人做這件事。

Now we did look at this word before, but basically for, for marriage, right?

我們之前已經看過這個詞，但基本上是指婚姻，對嗎？

To, to commit to somebody to promise.

承諾，向某人承諾。

Yeah.

是啊

But to have someone committed means that you're going to send them away to maybe a mental institution.

但是，把一個人送進精神病院就意味著你要把他送走。

Exactly.

沒錯。

So this means they have psychological problems and someone else sends them to the hospital because they can't send themselves.

是以，這意味著他們有心理問題，別人送他們去醫院，因為他們自己送不了。

Exactly.

沒錯。

So it's always used to have someone committed, right?

所以，它總是被用來讓人犯罪，對嗎？

Right.

對

Cause it's, it's being done to them.

因為這是對他們做的。

They don't want it to happen.

他們不希望這樣的事情發生。

It's involuntary.

這是非自願的。

Okay.

好的

So she had him committed.

於是她把他送進了監獄。

My mom's going to have me committed if I keep working 20 hours a day.

如果我每天工作 20 個小時，我媽媽就會把我送進精神病院。

Exactly.

沒錯。

So that's the way you use it.

這就是你使用它的方式。

And so now you have another way of using this verb, but now I think we should listen to this dialogue again.

現在你有了使用這個動詞的另一種方法，但現在我想我們應該再聽一遍這段對話。

We're going to slow it down a little bit and then we'll come back and look at this grammar focus that we want to talk about.

我們先把速度放慢一點，然後再回來看我們要討論的文法重點。

Okay.

好的

Next question.

下一個問題

If Eric asked you out on a date, what would you say?

如果埃裡克約你出去，你會怎麼說？

Duh.

咄。

I would say yes.

我會說是的。

Eric is the most popular kid in school.

埃裡克是學校裡最受歡迎的孩子。

Okay.

好的

My turn.

輪到我了

What would you do if you won the lottery?

如果你中了彩票，你會怎麼做？

Let's see.

讓我們看看

If I won the lottery, I would buy two tickets for a trip around the world.

如果我中了彩票，我會買兩張彩票環遊世界。

If you buy me a ticket, I will go with you for sure.

如果你給我買票，我肯定會和你一起去。

My dad would freak out if I even mention a trip like that.

如果我提起這樣的旅行，我爸爸一定會抓狂的。

All right.

好吧

This is a good one.

這是一個很好的例子。

What would your mom say if you told her you were going to get married?

如果你告訴你媽媽你要結婚了，她會怎麼說？

If I told her that, she would faint and have me committed.

如果我告訴她，她一定會暈倒，然後把我送進精神病院。

All right.

好吧

So we understood all the vocab now.

所以，我們現在理解了所有的詞彙。

Now let's take a look at these unreal situations and what we were saying, the what if game.

現在，讓我們來看看這些虛幻的情況，以及我們剛才所說的 "如果 "遊戲。

Right.

對

So I think it's important to push these into two different categories, right?

是以，我認為有必要將其分為兩個不同的類別，對嗎？

We have one kind where it's very unrealistic.

我們有一種是非常不現實的。

It's probably not going to happen, that kind of situation.

這種情況可能不會發生。

And the other one is a situation that could very well happen, something that's probably very common.

另一種情況很有可能發生，而且很常見。

Okay.

好的

So the first one we're going to talk about is very unrealistic situations, things that probably won't happen.

是以，我們要討論的第一個問題是非常不現實的情況，即可能不會發生的事情。

Okay.

好的

So let's take a look at an example that we found in the dialogue.

讓我們看看對話中的一個例子。

The most common one, and I think everybody gets asked this question, is if you won the lottery, what would you do?

最常見的問題，我想每個人都會被問到，就是如果你中了彩票，你會做什麼？

Okay.

好的

If you won the lottery.

如果你中了彩票

So this is a situation that's very uncommon, right?

所以這種情況並不常見，對嗎？

Not many people win the lottery.

中彩票的人不多。

So we have to say, if you won the lottery, we use this verb in the past tense.

是以，我們必須說，如果你中了彩票，我們就用這個動詞的過去式。

If you won the lottery, if this happened, what would you do?

如果你中了彩票，如果發生了這種情況，你會怎麼做？

Right.

對

So, Catherine, if you won the lottery, what would you do?

凱瑟琳，如果你中了彩票，你會怎麼做？

If I won the lottery, I would buy a boat and sail around the world with my friends.

如果我中了彩票，我會買一艘船，和朋友們一起環遊世界。

All right.

好吧

So another example, again, using the same structure, right?

再舉一個例子，同樣的結構，對嗎？

The verb in the simple past tense, we would say, if you were stuck on an island with one other person, who would that be?

簡單過去時的動詞，我們會說，如果你和另外一個人困在一個島上，那個人會是誰？

All right.

好吧

So if you were stuck on a desert island with one person, who would that person be?

那麼，如果你和一個人被困在荒島上，那個人會是誰？

So, Marco, I'm going to ask you, who would it be?

那麼，馬可，我想問你，會是誰呢？

I think it would be an engineer or a scientist that could probably get me off the island.

我認為工程師或科學家可能會把我從島上救出來。

What about your girlfriend?

你的女朋友呢？

No, no.

不，不

Well, you know, that's the point.

嗯，你知道，這就是重點。

I can get to her quicker.

我可以更快地找到她

Okay.

好的

I would say maybe kind of romantic behavior, kind of that.

我想說的是，也許有點浪漫的行為，有點那個。

So that's the first situation.

這就是第一種情況。

We've got these situations like being stuck on an island, winning the lottery.

我們會遇到被困在孤島上、中彩票等情況。

These are very unlikely.

這些可能性很小。

But what about the other kind?

但另一種呢？

But before we move on to that, you notice that we use the verb was, we didn't say, if I was on an island, I said, if I were, right?

但在我們繼續討論之前，你注意到我們用的是動詞was，我們沒有說 "如果我在一個島上"，我說的是 "如果我是"，對嗎？

Or if you were.

或者如果你是

So this is the way that you use it in these conditionals.

是以，在這些條件句中就是這樣使用的。

If I were you, or if you were president of the United States.

如果我是你，或者如果你是美國總統。

Yeah, this is a rule.

是的，這是規定。

So this is a grammar rule.

是以，這是一條文法規則。

We're not going to describe why it happens because it's very, very complicated and you can look it up on our site, but we're going to describe how to use it.

我們不打算描述它為什麼會發生，因為它非常非常複雜，你可以在我們的網站上查找，但我們要描述的是如何使用它。

That's the most important.

這是最重要的。

So we can say, for example, Marco, if I were you, I would dye my hair red. I don't know.

所以我們可以說，比如說，馬可，如果我是你，我會把頭髮染成紅色。 我不知道

I think it would look cool.

我認為這看起來很酷。

I don't think so.

我不這麼認為。

So if I were you, I would, or if you were me, what would you do?

所以，如果我是你，我會，或者如果你是我，你會怎麼做？

Exactly.

沒錯。

So we always use it like this, right?

所以我們總是這樣使用，對嗎？

If you're going to use this conditional, always use were for the subject.

如果要使用這個條件，主語一定要用 were。

Never was.

從來沒有

Right.

對

So you can tell this very, very big grammar issue.

所以你可以看出這個文法問題非常非常大。

A lot of English speakers make this mistake.

很多說英語的人都會犯這個錯誤。

Very many.

非常多。

So, but now you know that you shouldn't make this mistake and you can speak properly.

所以，現在你知道自己不應該犯這樣的錯誤，你可以正確地說話了。

All right.

好的

So now that we've seen these semi unreal situations, let's move on to something that's a little bit more probable that it may happen.

既然我們已經看到了這些半虛幻的情況，接下來我們就來看看更有可能發生的事情。

Right.

對

So we've got these situations that are common or likely.

是以，我們已經有了這些常見或可能出現的情況。

For example, in this lesson we hear, I will go with you for sure.

例如，在本課中，我們聽到了 "我一定會和你一起去"。

So this is, if you buy me a ticket to travel, of course I will go with you.

所以，這就是，如果你給我買了一張去旅行的票，我當然會和你一起去。

So if you buy, this is in the present tense, if you buy, then I will. Right.

所以，如果你買，這是現在時態，如果你買，我就買。 好吧

So now you notice the difference.

現在你注意到區別了吧。

The verb is in the present and then we use, instead of would, we use will.

動詞是現在時，然後我們用 "will "代替 "would"。

So again, I can say, if it rains tomorrow, I will stay home and watch TV all day.

所以，我可以再說一次，如果明天下雨，我就整天呆在家裡看電視。

Okay.

好的

So think about this.

所以，請想一想。

Before we talked about going to the desert islands, now we're talking about rain and the weather.

之前我們談論的是去荒島，現在我們談論的是下雨和天氣。

They're very, very different.

它們非常非常不同。

The rain is, you know, it's very common.

下雨，你知道，這很常見。

So we can say, if it rains tomorrow, I will need an umbrella.

是以，我們可以說，如果明天下雨，我需要一把雨傘。

What about this?

這個怎麼樣？

If we have lunch tomorrow, what will we eat?

如果明天吃午飯，我們吃什麼？

Okay.

好的

So we have lunch pretty much every day, right?

所以我們幾乎每天都吃午餐，對嗎？

Yeah, pretty much.

是的，差不多。

So again, it's a situation that is very probable.

所以，這種情況還是很有可能發生的。

So if we have lunch tomorrow, we will probably eat, I don't know, pasta, I think.

所以，如果我們明天吃午飯，我們可能會吃，我不知道，我想是意大利麵吧。

I'm going to like pasta.

我會喜歡意大利麵的。

Pasta, noodles. All right.

意大利麵，麵條 好的

So Marco, let's take another listen to some of these phrases and try and figure out while you're listening, which kind of conditional it is, first or the second.

是以，馬可，讓我們再聽一聽這些短語，並試著在聽的過程中找出是哪種條件，第一還是第二。

Example one.

例子一

If it's sunny today, we will go to the park.

如果今天是晴天，我們就去公園。

Example two.

示例二

I would get a divorce if I were you.

如果我是你，我會離婚。

Example three.

示例三

Mary will be very sad if Joe leaves.

如果喬離開，瑪麗會非常傷心。

Example four.

示例四

We wouldn't be so late if Nick drove faster.

如果尼克開快點，我們就不會這麼晚了。

Very good.

非常好

So we heard different examples, and the first conditional is the one that we mentioned is very probable, and the second conditional is the one that's not so probable.

是以，我們聽到了不同的例子，第一個條件是我們提到的很有可能出現的情況，第二個條件是不那麼有可能出現的情況。

So they're very easy to distinguish.

所以它們很容易區分。

You don't really need to know the names, just know how to use them, right?

你不需要知道它們的名字，只需要知道如何使用它們，對嗎？

Exactly.

沒錯。

And so just remember, if you were me, what would you do?

記住，如果你是我，你會怎麼做？

We've got these kind of pairs, these words that go together.

我們已經有了這樣的對子，這些搭配在一起的單詞。

And the other one is more common.

而另一種情況則更為常見。

If it rains tomorrow, I will bring an umbrella.

如果明天下雨，我會帶雨傘。

Perfect.

太完美了

So why don't we listen to this dialogue for the last time, just to kind of reinforce everything, and then we'll come back and talk a little bit more.

所以，我們何不最後再聽一遍這段對話，以強化所有內容，然後我們再回來繼續討論。