We've all heard the arguments against meat, and yet in the EU and US, only between 1 and 6% of people don't eat it.

我們都聽過反對吃肉的論調，但在歐盟和美國，只有 1% 到 6% 的人不吃肉。

Meat is just too tasty, convenient and ingrained in our culture for most of us to consider giving it up.

肉類實在是太美味、太方便了，而且在我們的文化中根深蒂固，大多數人都不會考慮放棄它。

Also, food is personal and nobody likes to be morally lectured.

此外，食物是個人的，沒有人喜歡被道德說教。

At the same time, we love animals.

同時，我們熱愛動物。

Most of us have pets and believe in animal rights.

我們大多數人都養寵物，並相信動物的權利。

Few things make the internet as angry as animal cruelty.

很少有事情能像虐待動物一樣讓互聯網憤怒。

Both are true.

兩者都對。

We love meat and we love animals.

我們愛吃肉，我們愛動物。

Unfortunately, most animals we eat live in truly horrible conditions.

不幸的是，我們食用的大多數動物的生活條件都非常糟糕。

We don't torture them for fun, but because it makes meat just a little bit more incredibly cheap.

我們折磨它們並不是為了取樂，而是因為這樣能讓肉類變得更便宜一些。

If we all paid just a tad more, we could avoid most animal suffering, often just for a few pennies per meal.

如果我們都能多付一點錢，就能避免大多數動物的痛苦，往往每頓飯只花幾分錢。

Disclaimer, farming is complicated.

免責聲明，農業生產很複雜。

Many farmers are genuinely trying to give their animals the best life possible, but they're trapped in a complex system with extreme market pressure to keep prices low.

許多農民都真心實意地想讓動物過上最好的生活，但他們卻被困在一個複雜的系統中，市場壓力極大，價格居高不下。

No two countries have the same standards, no two farms are equal and solid data is often scarce.

沒有兩個國家有相同的標準，沒有兩個農場是平等的，而且可靠的數據往往很少。

We've done our best to combine data from different regions and the prices you pay in the end.

我們已盡力將不同地區的數據和您最終支付的價格結合起來。

To keep things simple, we're going to classify farming practices into three broad groups.

為了簡單起見，我們將農耕方法分為三大類。

Decent, prisons and torture camps.

體面的監獄和酷刑營。

This is a bit sketchy, and you've probably seen many more categories in the supermarket, like organic or grass-fed.

這有點粗略，你可能在超市裡見過更多的分類，比如有機或草飼。

We'll come to that later.

我們稍後再談這個問題。

So, fellow omnivores, what would it cost us to avoid animal torture and still have our fried chicken?

那麼，雜食動物的朋友們，我們需要付出多少代價才能避免對動物的折磨，同時還能吃到炸雞呢？

Chickens.

雞

At any given time, there are about 26 billion chickens alive on Earth, as many as all other birds combined.

在任何時候，地球上都有大約 260 億隻雞活著，數量相當於所有其他鳥類的總和。

Chickens seem dumb, but they're social, can communicate, solve problems and feel empathy.

雞看似笨拙，但它們會社交，能溝通，能解決問題，還能感同身受。

And yet, we keep the vast majority in insane torture.

然而，我們卻讓絕大多數人遭受瘋狂的折磨。

Let's start with eggs.

先說雞蛋。

Worldwide, about 90% of laying hens live in torture camps, crammed in extremely tight cages where they can barely move.

全世界約有 90% 的蛋雞生活在折磨營中，它們被擠在極其狹窄的籠子裡，幾乎動彈不得。

They're unable to show any natural chicken behaviour like nesting, roosting, foraging or pecking at the ground, so they become extremely frustrated and end up hurting each other badly.

它們無法表現出任何自然的養雞行為，比如築巢、棲息、覓食或啄食地面，是以它們變得非常沮喪，最終嚴重傷害了對方。

To stop this, many farms clip their beaks.

為了杜絕這種情況，很多農場都會給它們剪喙。

In the US and Europe, legal bans and consumer initiatives have improved the situation a lot in the last few years.

在美國和歐洲，法律禁令和消費者倡議在過去幾年裡大大改善了這一狀況。

But still, more than 50% of hens remain in cages.

但仍有 50%以上的母雞被關在籠子裡。

The insane thing is that this doesn't even save a lot of money.

最讓人抓狂的是，這根本省不了多少錢。

Let's say a dozen eggs cost you around 3.60 euros or dollars, 30 cents per egg.

假設一打雞蛋的價格約為 3.60 歐元或美元，每個雞蛋 30 美分。

How much does it cost to free the hens?

放飛母雞的費用是多少？

The main alternative to cages are barn systems.

籠養的主要替代品是穀倉系統。

Hens are still kept indoors, but have twice as much space and roam freely.

母雞仍飼養在室內，但有兩倍大的空間自由活動。

Barns are prisons.

穀倉就是監獄。

Still not amazing, but so much better.

雖然還不夠驚豔，但已經好多了。

In the EU, barns increase the consumer price by about 2 cents per egg.

在歐盟，蛋倉使每個雞蛋的消費價格上漲約 2 美分。

The somewhat decent alternative is free range, where hens are allowed outdoors, often with proper access to vegetation.

比較體面的選擇是自由放養，即允許母雞在戶外活動，通常可以適當接觸植物。

In the EU, this increases the price by about 7 cents per egg.

在歐盟，這使每個雞蛋的價格增加了約 7 美分。

Housing aside, one of the cruelest practices is chick culling.

撇開住房不談，最殘忍的做法之一就是宰殺雛雞。

Male chicks don't lay eggs, so they're killed right after birth, usually by gassing or grinding.

雄性雛鳥不下蛋，所以它們一出生就會被殺死，通常是用毒氣或磨碎的方式。

This is a really widespread practice used for caged, barn and even organic eggs. 7 billion baby chickens are killed this way each year.

這種做法在籠養雞蛋、穀倉雞蛋甚至有機雞蛋中非常普遍。每年有 70 億隻小雞被這樣殺死。

France and Germany have banned this, so many breeding eggs here are scanned early and only female birds hatch, which may have increased costs by only 2 to 5 cents per egg.

法國和德國已經禁止這樣做，是以這裡的許多種蛋被提前掃描，只有雌鳥孵化，這可能只增加了每枚蛋 2 到 5 美分的成本。

So if you pay 85 cents more for a dozen eggs, you can make a difference between serious chicken torture and pretty decent chicken lives.

是以，如果您多花 85 美分買一打雞蛋，您就能讓雞免受嚴重摺磨或過上體面的生活。

And for another 60 cents, you can help end chick culling too.

再花 60 美分，您還可以幫助終止宰殺小雞的行為。

Chicken meat is a different story.

雞肉則不同。

Most meat chickens today are genetic freaks, bred to reach amazing weights incredibly fast.

如今，大多數飼料雞都是基因怪胎，在飼養過程中能以令人難以置信的速度達到驚人的體重。

Their internal organs are under a huge amount of stress, and they can't even walk properly because of their weight, which causes them a lot of pain for much of their lives.

他們的內臟承受著巨大的壓力，由於體重過重，他們甚至無法正常行走，這給他們的一生帶來了巨大的痛苦。

It's hard to give exact numbers here, but if farmers were to switch to breeds that grow slower and suffer far less, a serving of chicken breast that you buy at one and a half dollars would become 9 cents more expensive in the US. 90% of meat chickens in the EU live in prisons or torture camps.

這裡很難給出確切的數字，但如果農民改用生長速度慢、受苦少的品種，那麼在美國，一份一美元半的雞胸肉就會貴上 9 美分。歐盟 90% 的飼料雞生活在監獄或酷刑集中營。

They're kept indoors in extremely crowded conditions, with sometimes dozens of birds per square meter, often in the dark and with poor ventilation.

它們在室內飼養，環境極其擁擠，有時每平方米有幾十只鳥，而且往往光線昏暗，通風不良。

So what if we moved them all to prisons?

那麼，如果我們把他們都轉移到監獄呢？

One EU study found that giving them 30% more space, perches, fresh air and daylight would increase the price by another 13 cents per serving.

歐盟的一項研究發現，如果給它們增加 30% 的空間、棲息地、新鮮空氣和日照，每份食物的價格就會再增加 13 美分。

Probably less than 5% of meat chickens live free range in relatively decent conditions.

可能只有不到 5%的飼料雞在相對體面的條件下自由放養。

This meat is actually noticeably more expensive, double the price of regular chicken.

實際上，這種肉明顯更貴，是普通雞肉的兩倍。

But chicken is the cheapest meat, so depending on the cut, you'd pay 35 cents to 1 euro or dollar more for a serving of chicken that had a decent life.

但雞肉是最便宜的肉類，是以，根據切割的不同，你需要多花 35 美分到 1 歐元或 1 美元才能吃到一份味道不錯的雞肉。

Pigs are basically dogs.

豬基本上就是狗。

They're as intelligent, social and playful as our wolf buddies and make lovable pets.

它們和我們的狼夥伴一樣聰明、善於社交和玩耍，是可愛的寵物。

So pigs really feel how they live and arguably have it the worst of all animals we eat.

是以，豬能真正感受到自己的生活，可以說是我們食用的所有動物中最糟糕的。

Probably more than 90% of all pigs live in torture camps.

可能 90% 以上的豬都生活在酷刑集中營裡。

They spend their entire lives indoors, in extremely crowded spaces, on concrete floors without straw or bedding.

它們的一生都在室內度過，在極其擁擠的空間裡，在沒有稻草或墊料的水泥地板上。

Since this is far from what they need, they get frustrated and often fight.

由於這與他們的需求相去甚遠，他們感到沮喪，經常吵架。

Piglets have their tails docked to stop tailbiting.

小豬的尾巴會被剪掉，以防止咬尾巴。

Most males are castrated after birth so that their meat will taste better, often without pain relief to save time.

大多數雄性動物在出生後都會被閹割，這樣它們的肉會更美味，為了節省時間，通常不需要止痛。

Mothers are kept in crates, extremely tight metal straitjackets where they can't move at all.

母親被關在板條箱裡，她們被極為嚴密的金屬緊身衣束縛著，根本無法動彈。

This leads to extreme suffering for the mother and for the piglets, which are held in a barren area, separated by metal bars and taken away at just 3 weeks old.

這給母豬和小豬帶來了極大的痛苦，它們被關在一個荒蕪的地方，用金屬柵欄隔開，剛出生 3 周就被帶走。

Imagine treating dogs like that.

試想一下這樣對待狗

First, let's get to the prison level.

首先，讓我們進入監獄層面。

Getting rid of crates would raise the cost of a 2 euro serving of pork by about 20 cents.

取消板條箱會使一份 2 歐元的豬肉成本增加約 20 美分。

Anesthesia for castration costs almost nothing, around 1 cent per kilogram of meat.

閹割的麻醉費用幾乎為零，約為每公斤肉 1 美分。

And a study in Denmark found that giving pigs more straw and bedding material and 30% more space and other things that are more animal friendly would increase the price per serving by another 20 cents.

丹麥的一項研究發現，如果給豬更多的稻草和墊料、30% 的空間以及其他對動物更友好的東西，每份豬肉的價格會再增加 20 美分。

This is still an awful life for an animal this intelligent, but obviously much better.

對於這麼聰明的動物來說，這樣的生活仍然很糟糕，但顯然要好得多。

For 40 cents more per serving.

每份多花 40 美分。

Going one level further and giving pigs outdoor access for at least 40% of their lives and 300 to 400% more space indoors would increase the price per serving by another 80 cents.

如果再進一步，讓豬一生中至少有 40% 的時間在室外活動，室內空間增加 300% 到 400%，那麼每份豬肉的價格將再增加 80 美分。

Just over 1% of pigs in the EU live in these or similar conditions.

歐盟僅有 1% 多一點的豬生活在這樣或類似的條件下。

We can't know if this is really okay for such a smart and social animal, but it starts resembling something decent.

我們不知道對於這樣一種聰明的社會性動物來說，這樣做是否真的沒問題，但它開始像模像樣了。

And all for about 1.2 dollars or euros more per serving of pig.

而且每份豬肉只需多花 1.2 美元或歐元。

Cows raised for meat have it the best because they usually spend about 2 thirds of their lives outdoors, making their lives pretty good.

飼養肉牛的條件最好，因為它們通常有三分之二的時間是在戶外度過的，生活相當愜意。

If they were in the wild, it would be basically the same thing, but less safe.

如果是在野外，情況基本上是一樣的，但不那麼安全。

Their lives are far from perfect though, especially the end.

但他們的生活遠非完美，尤其是最後的結局。

The vast majority of cows spend the last months of their short lives in finishing feedlots, either prisons or torture camps, where they're fattened to reach their slaughter weight as fast as possible.

絕大多數奶牛短暫生命的最後幾個月都是在精養牛場度過的，這裡要麼是監獄，要麼是折磨營，它們在這裡被催肥，以儘可能快的速度達到屠宰體重。

Probably less than 5% of beef cattle in the US have lifelong access to outdoor pasture.

在美國，可能只有不到 5%的肉牛能終生使用室外牧場。

And yet, a recent German study found that it only increases the price of beef by around 15%.

然而，德國最近的一項研究發現，這隻會使牛肉價格上漲約 15%。

The life quality of cows varies widely even within countries and regions, depending on the available land, climates and farming traditions.

即使在同一國家和地區，奶牛的生活品質也有很大差異，這取決於可利用的土地、氣候和農耕傳統。

So it's really impossible to make more easy and cheap suggestions to make their lives better.

是以，要想提出更多簡單、廉價的建議來改善他們的生活，真的是不可能的。

Dairy cows do have it much worse.

奶牛的情況確實更糟。

They're often kept indoors for most of the year and suffer pain, soul ulcers and lesions from standing on concrete.

它們通常一年中的大部分時間都被關在室內，站在水泥地上會感到疼痛、靈魂潰瘍和病變。

But once again, none of these things seem to be needed to have affordable milk.

不過，要想喝上平價牛奶，似乎又不需要這些東西。

In Germany, outdoor pasture increases the price of the milk by about 10 cents per liter.

在德國，戶外牧場使牛奶價格每升上漲約 10 美分。

We could go on with many other animals and farming practices, but the summary is clear.

我們還可以舉出許多其他動物和耕作方法，但總結起來還是很清楚的。

For the animals we eat the most, upgrading their living conditions from outright torture to somewhat decent may cost you about 15% more for beef and milk, 50% for eggs and pork, and 100% for chicken meat.

對於我們吃得最多的動物來說，把它們的生活條件從赤裸裸的折磨提升到稍微體面一些，可能會讓你的牛肉和牛奶價格高出 15%，雞蛋和豬肉價格高出 50%，雞肉價格高出 100%。

The meat of the issue.

問題的實質。

Opinion part.

意見部分。

Meat has gotten so cheap that we have to torture animals to keep the prices insanely low.

肉類已經變得如此便宜，以至於我們不得不折磨動物，以保持瘋狂的低價。

This really is all there is to it.

這就是它的全部內容。

Food in developed countries is the cheapest it's been in history.

發達國家的食品是有史以來最便宜的。

In the US, the largest meat consumer in the world, an average person spends $337 a month on food, $88 on meat, eggs and dairy.

美國是世界上最大的肉類消費國，平均每人每月在食品上花費 337 美元，其中 88 美元用於購買肉類、雞蛋和奶製品。

If these became an average 50% more expensive, that would increase the monthly expenditure on food by about $43.

如果這些食品的價格平均上漲 50%，每月的食品支出將增加約 43 美元。

This may sound like a lot, but relative to income, this only means paying as much for food as US consumers did in 1987.

這聽起來似乎很多，但相對於收入而言，這隻意味著美國消費者為食品支付的費用與 1987 年一樣多。

In Germany, the average person spends about €70 a month on meat, eggs and dairy.

在德國，平均每人每月在肉、蛋和奶製品上花費約 70 歐元。

If we increased prices by 50% on average to make the lives of these animals better in a really meaningful way, this would rise by about €35 to about €100.

如果我們將價格平均提高 50%，以真正有意義的方式改善這些動物的生活，那麼價格將上漲約 35 歐元至約 100 歐元。

If this still sounds too expensive, it may be because around 20% of all meat people buy is simply thrown away.

如果這聽起來還是太貴，那可能是因為人們購買的肉類中約有 20% 被直接扔掉了。

Meat got so cheap that we often don't eat it before it goes bad.

肉類變得如此便宜，以至於我們經常在肉變質之前就不吃了。

It's no longer valuable.

它不再有價值。

Okay, so if you go shopping, what can you do?

好吧，如果你去購物，你能做什麼？

It can feel like you can't do anything as an individual consumer, but this is not true.

作為個人消費者，你可能會覺得無能為力，但事實並非如此。

The market follows demand.

市場服從需求。

So if you don't want to buy torture meat, look at the labels on holding conditions.

是以，如果您不想購買受折磨的肉類，請查看標籤上的保存條件。

If there is none, it is torture meat for sure.

如果沒有，那肯定是酷刑肉。

If there is, well, it's complicated.

如果有，那就複雜了。

It's often unclear what different labels mean, if they're strictly enforced or legally binding.

人們往往不清楚不同標籤的含義，也不清楚它們是否得到嚴格執行或具有法律約束力。

Some are great, others whitewashing.

有些很棒，有些則是粉飾太平。

And we haven't talked about the most expensive meat so far, organic meat.

到目前為止，我們還沒有談到最貴的肉類--有機肉。

You've probably noticed that many price estimates we've given here don't quite match your experience in the supermarket.

您可能已經注意到，我們在這裡給出的許多價格估算與您在超市的購物體驗並不完全吻合。

This is in part because some retailers consider ethical products luxury goods and charge an even higher price, and also because many labels like organic, natural, ecological, bio, or the worst of all, biodynamic, often contain a lot of extras or pseudosigns that have nothing to do with animal welfare.

這一方面是因為一些零售商將道德產品視為奢侈品，並收取更高的價格，另一方面也是因為許多標籤，如有機、天然、生態、生物或最糟糕的生物動力標籤，往往包含大量與動物福利無關的額外內容或偽標誌。

Many but not all of these labels include some of the best practices mentioned before, but not necessarily all.

這些標籤中有許多（但不是全部）包含前面提到的一些最佳做法，但不一定是全部。

Organic brands often include, for a lack of a better word, stupid measures, like forbidding GMO feed.

有機品牌通常會採取一些愚蠢的措施，比如禁止使用轉基因飼料。

As we covered in another video, banning GMOs doesn't do anything good for you or the animals.

正如我們在另一段視頻中提到的，禁止轉基因生物對你和動物都沒有任何好處。

It just makes your food more expensive and seem more natural, while you are consuming unnatural animal breeds, living a deeply unnatural life.

這隻會讓你的食物更貴，看起來更自然，而你卻在食用非自然的動物品種，過著極不自然的生活。

Unfortunately, the label situation in many countries is extremely confusing, often on purpose.

遺憾的是，許多國家的標籤情況非常混亂，而且往往是故意為之。

All too often we don't know what we're really buying.

我們常常不知道自己買的到底是什麼。

So, grudgingly, if you can afford it and want at least a high chance of torture-free meat, go for the label.

是以，勉為其難地說，如果你買得起，而且至少希望有很大機率吃到不受折磨的肉，那就去買標籤吧。

If you can afford it, buy organic.

如果買得起，就買有機食品。

If you can afford it and have time, research local farms and get your meat from a place you've seen yourself.

如果您有能力和時間，可以調查當地的農場，在您親眼所見的地方買肉。

There's one exception, too good not to mention.

但有一個例外，不能不提。

Mussels.

河蚌

They suck up carbon and filter water, making coastlines cleaner.

它們吸碳濾水，使海岸線更加清潔。

Calling mussels dumb is giving them too much credit.

說河蚌笨是太抬舉它們了。

With no central nervous system and probably no thoughts or pain, they're basically moss.

它們沒有中樞神經系統，可能也沒有思想或疼痛，基本上就是苔蘚。

Really, everyone should eat more mussels.

真的，每個人都應該多吃河蚌。

Okay, let's wrap up.

好了，我們來總結一下。

You don't need to be vegan to think the current situation is unacceptable.

你不需要是素食主義者，也會認為目前的狀況是不可接受的。

The conditions of most animals we eat are hard to stomach and could all be avoided if we paid as much for meat as our parents did.

我們所吃的大多數動物的狀況都令人難以忍受，如果我們能像父輩們那樣花大價錢買肉，這些狀況都是可以避免的。

Things are slowly getting better, at least in the West.

至少在西方，情況正在慢慢好轉。

Consumers can push the industry in the right direction if we bite the bullet and pay more.

只要我們咬緊牙關，付出更多，消費者就能推動行業朝著正確的方向發展。

If you can't afford this, maybe eat a bit less meat.

如果你負擔不起，也許可以少吃一點肉。

Don't throw meat away.

不要扔掉肉

Maybe avoid the worst torture meat like pork, at least sometimes.

也許至少有時要避免豬肉等最難吃的肉類。

And push for legislation that bans the most horrific practices.

推動立法，禁止最可怕的做法。

We can help make the lives of billions of animals dramatically better.

我們可以幫助改善數十億動物的生活。

It really is that simple.

真的就是這麼簡單。

You can only advocate for better policies if you have enough reliable information.

只有掌握足夠可靠的資訊，才能倡導更好的政策。

When financial incentives are prioritized, facts can be manipulated or even omitted altogether.

當經濟激勵被放在首位時，事實就會被篡改，甚至被完全忽略。

In 2024, many major fast-food chains backtracked on serving chicken that's free from antibiotics and do use it on sick chickens now.

2024 年，許多大型快餐連鎖店在供應不含抗生素的雞肉方面出爾反爾，現在確實在病雞身上使用抗生素。

But is this the full story?

但這就是故事的全部嗎？

To get nuanced perspectives, we draw on Ground News.

為了獲得細緻入微的觀點，我們借鏡了《地面新聞》。

We admire them as a long-time sponsor for their aim to provide a balanced account and leave the final conclusion up to you.

作為長期贊助商，我們欽佩他們旨在提供平衡的敘述，並將最終結論留給您。

This is what we're aiming for as well.

這也是我們的目標。

Ground News lets you easily access nearly 100 additional articles published worldwide on these policy changes.

通過 Ground News，您可以輕鬆查閱世界各地發表的有關這些政策變化的近百篇其他文章。

Let's look closer.

讓我們仔細看看。

Scripps News cites flu outbreaks in farms across the US as causing limited supplies and higher prices.

斯克裡普斯新聞》援引美國各地農場爆發的流感疫情，稱這是導致供應受限和價格上漲的原因。

One source raises concerns that this move could increase the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance amongst humans.

一個消息來源擔心，此舉可能會增加抗生素耐藥性在人類中傳播的風險。

At the same time, the Associated Press reports that Tyson's Senior Director of Animal Welfare noted a plan to use antibiotics known as ionophores, which are claimed to have no effect on human health.

與此同時，據美聯社報道，泰森公司的動物福利高級主管指出，公司計劃使用被稱為離子肽的抗生素，據稱這種抗生素對人類健康沒有影響。

You can easily see the different angles of each publication side-by-side and assess the situation for yourself, plus context like a credibility rating per publication and its source of funding.

您可以輕鬆地並排查看每份出版品的不同角度，並自行評估情況，還可以瞭解每份出版品的可信度評級及其資金來源等背景資訊。

Go to ground.news.com or scan the QR code to check it out.

請訪問 ground.news.com 或掃描二維碼查看。

Our link saves you 40% off their unlimited subscription to worldwide coverage and a better way to stay informed.

通過我們的鏈接，您可以以 40% 的折扣無限制訂閱他們的全球報道，並以更好的方式隨時瞭解資訊。

This comes down to just $5 a month, the best investment you can make for a tool we think is more important now than ever.

每月只需 5 美元，這是我們認為現在比以往任何時候都更重要的工具的最佳投資。

This video was only possible thanks to a special group of people, our patrons.

這段視頻的製作要感謝一群特殊的人--我們的贊助人。

They're a vital part of the Kurzgesagt team, lifting us up, supporting us and giving us the freedom to continue sparking curiosity all around the world.

他們是 Kurzgesagt 團隊的重要組成部分，為我們提供支持，讓我們能夠自由地繼續激發全世界的好奇心。

We couldn't do it without them.

沒有他們，我們做不到。

If you'd also like to become a part of the Kurzgesagt team, support us on Patreon.

如果您也想成為 Kurzgesagt 團隊的一員，請在 Patreon 上支持我們。

You'll get exclusive perks like sneak previews, behind-the-scenes updates, high-definition wallpapers and even your own Kurzgesagt burb created just for you by one of our illustrators.