These are very unique computing environments that are specifically designed to fit a particular form factor.

這些都是非常獨特的計算環境，專為特定的外形尺寸而設計。

And because of that, it can be a very challenging repair if you need to get inside of that device and make a change.

正因為如此，如果需要進入設備內部進行更改，維修工作可能會非常具有挑戰性。

You might often find, as you look at laptops from different manufacturers, that some laptops tend to be easier to repair than others.

在查看不同製造商的筆記本電腦時，您可能會經常發現，有些筆記本電腦往往比其他筆記本電腦更容易維修。

You'll often become very knowledgeable in one particular manufacturer's laptops because that's the one that your organization will tend to purchase the most.

你通常會對某一特定製造商的筆記本電腦非常瞭解，因為這是你的企業採購最多的筆記本電腦。

And you'll find, over time, you'll become much more comfortable with repairing those particular brand of laptops.

隨著時間的推移，你會發現維修這些特定品牌的筆記本電腦會變得更加得心應手。

Many laptop manufacturers will provide service information so you can learn more about the process required to replace the keyboard, the display, or other components within the laptop.

許多筆記本電腦製造商都會提供服務資訊，您可以瞭解更多更換鍵盤、顯示屏或筆記本電腦內其他部件所需的過程。

Our laptops are mobile devices, so it's important to have some type of power source when you're traveling.

我們的筆記本電腦是移動設備，是以在旅行時配備某種電源非常重要。

Many laptops will have batteries included, and usually these batteries are very modular.

許多筆記本電腦都配有電池，通常這些電池都非常模塊化。

You can unplug and reconnect those batteries to your laptop, and you don't have to take apart the laptop to gain access to that battery.

您可以拔下電池並重新連接到筆記本電腦上，而且不必拆開筆記本電腦就能使用電池。

Some laptops will have batteries inside of the laptop case, and those obviously are not designed to be modular.

有些筆記本電腦會在機箱內安裝電池，而這些電池顯然不是模塊化設計的。

Many of the battery technologies we use today are lithium-ion or lithium-ion polymer.

我們今天使用的許多電池技術都是鋰離子或鋰離子聚合物電池。

These batteries are designed to be fully charged.

這些電池設計為可完全充電。

You can discharge some of the battery and charge it back up again without worrying that you're causing a memory effect or limiting the amount of capacity that battery might have.

您可以將部分電池放電後再充電，而不必擔心會產生記憶效應或限制電池的容量。

However, each time you charge that battery, it diminishes the capacity just a bit.

不過，每次給電池充電，容量都會減少一點。

So after a number of years, you may find that you have to replace the battery because it's not able to maintain the charge that it once did.

是以，在若干年後，您可能會發現不得不更換電池，因為它已經無法像以前那樣保持充電狀態了。

Because laptops have a very specific form factor, you'll find that the batteries used in these laptops are very specific to a particular make and model of laptop.

由於筆記本電腦的外形尺寸非常特殊，是以你會發現這些筆記本電腦中使用的電池都是針對特定品牌和型號的筆記本電腦。

So if you're purchasing a new battery for a laptop, make sure you're purchasing it specifically for that particular device.

是以，如果您要為筆記本電腦購買新電池，請確保您購買的電池是專門用於該設備的。

Here's an example of a very modular battery configuration on the back of a laptop.

下面是一個筆記本電腦背面非常模塊化的電池配置示例。

There are two different batteries underneath this empty space, and you can see they will slide in and lock into place.

在這個空位下面有兩個不同的電池，你可以看到它們會滑入並鎖定到位。

You can unlock the battery with the switch that's on the back, pull it out, and replace it with a new battery.

您可以用背面的開關解鎖電池，將其拉出並換上新電池。

This means if you're traveling and use up the capacity of one battery, you can easily disconnect that battery and connect a fresh one to your laptop.

這意味著，如果您在旅行中用完了一塊電池的容量，您可以輕鬆斷開這塊電池，然後將一塊新電池連接到筆記本電腦上。

The keyboard is probably the most used component of a laptop.

鍵盤可能是筆記本電腦中使用最多的部件。

It is our primary input into the operating system.

它是我們對作業系統的主要輸入。

And fortunately, it's a very easy component to replace.

幸運的是，這個部件很容易更換。

There's a single device that's usually connected with a ribbon cable to the main part of the laptop.

有一個單一的設備，通常用帶狀電纜連接到筆記本電腦的主要部分。

This is the back of a laptop keyboard, and you can see there is this single ribbon cable that's used to connect and disconnect from the laptop motherboard.

這是筆記本電腦鍵盤的背面，你可以看到有一條帶狀電纜用於連接和斷開筆記本電腦主板。

You do have the option on many laptops to plug in an external keyboard to a USB interface.

在許多筆記本電腦上，您都可以選擇將外接鍵盤插入 USB 接口。

So if you're running into problems with the keyboard that's integrated into your laptop, you may be able to work around those problems by using an external keyboard.

是以，如果您遇到筆記本電腦集成鍵盤的問題，您可以使用外置鍵盤來解決這些問題。

One of the challenges we have with laptops is as the laptop becomes smaller, there's less space to have a keyboard.

我們在筆記本電腦方面面臨的挑戰之一是，隨著筆記本電腦變得越來越小，鍵盤的空間也越來越小。

So we're using a lot of extra function keys and changing around the layout of the keyboard just to be able to fit it into this small place.

是以，我們使用了大量額外的功能鍵，並改變了鍵盤的佈局，只為能把它裝進這個小地方。

You can see on this laptop that we don't have enough room for a numeric keypad on the right side.

在這檯筆記本電腦上，你可以看到右側沒有足夠的空間放置數字鍵盤。

And the inverted T that we use for arrow keys is put underneath the Shift key on the right side.

而我們用於方向鍵的倒 T 則放在右側 Shift 鍵的下方。

Some larger laptops can include other keys.

一些較大的筆記本電腦還可能包含其他按鍵。

For example, this laptop does have a numeric keypad, but you'll notice a lot of the function keys for Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down have been moved just above the numeric keypad.

例如，這檯筆記本電腦確實有一個數字鍵盤，但你會發現主頁、結束、上一頁和下一頁等功能鍵被移到了數字鍵盤的正上方。

And you can also see that the function keys also have secondary functions associated with them.

你還可以看到，功能鍵也有與之相關的輔助功能。

So the key that you would normally use for F1 has a question mark, which is probably the Help key for this particular laptop.

是以，通常用於 F1 的鍵上有一個問號，這可能是這檯筆記本電腦的幫助鍵。

Function 2 looks like it is a Brightness or Brightness Down setting, and F3 is a Brightness Up setting.

功能 2 看起來像是亮度或亮度降低設置，而 F3 是亮度升高設置。

The way that we would access those secondary functions is to hold down the Function key on the keyboard and press the appropriate key on the Function keypad.

我們訪問這些輔助功能的方法是按住鍵盤上的功能鍵，然後按功能鍵板上的相應鍵。

Because these laptops are mobile, we tend to sometimes have things fall within the keyboard itself, or the keycaps themselves might be damaged, and we might have to replace them.

由於這些筆記本電腦是移動式的，我們有時往往會把東西掉到鍵盤上，或者鍵帽本身可能損壞，我們可能不得不更換它們。

These keycaps, though, are very fragile, so make sure you check with the manufacturer's instructions and you follow exactly what they recommend when changing anything with that keyboard.

不過，這些鍵帽非常容易損壞，是以在更換鍵盤的任何部件時，請務必查看製造商的說明，並嚴格按照他們的建議進行操作。

You don't want to break any part of the keycap itself when you're removing it or placing it back onto the laptop, and you want to be sure that the mechanics underneath are not damaged at all.

在拆卸鍵帽或將其放回筆記本電腦上時，不要弄壞鍵帽本身的任何部分，同時要確保鍵帽下面的機械結構沒有受到任何損壞。

This picture shows just how delicate these tiny little plastic pieces are underneath the keycaps, so you want to be very, very careful when doing any type of maintenance on that laptop keyboard.

這張圖片顯示了鍵帽下面的這些小塑料件有多脆弱，是以在對筆記本鍵盤進行任何類型的維護時都要非常非常小心。

All of the programs that are executing in your operating system are executing in memory.

作業系統中執行的所有程序都在內存中執行。

And if we ever need to increase the amount of memory in our laptop, then we'll probably want to use SO-DIMM, or the Small Outline Dual Inline

如果我們需要增加筆記本電腦的內存容量，那麼我們可能需要使用 SO-DIMM 或小尺寸雙列直插式內存。

Memory Module.

內存模塊。

This form factor is very common for laptops and other mobile devices, and often there is a window or an opening at the bottom of the laptop that allows you to easily add and remove these memory modules.

這種外形尺寸在筆記本電腦和其他移動設備中非常常見，通常在筆記本電腦的底部有一個窗口或開口，可以方便地添加和刪除這些內存模塊。

Some laptop manufacturers have decided not to create a modular way to change the amount of memory inside of the laptop, and in those cases, the memory is not on a SO-DIMM module.

有些筆記本電腦製造商決定不採用模塊化方式來改變筆記本電腦內部的內存容量，在這種情況下，內存就不在 SO-DIMM 模塊上。

Instead, it's physically soldered to the motherboard of the laptop.

相反，它被焊接到筆記本電腦的主板上。

This means that you can't upgrade or change the amount of memory in that laptop, and if you needed to make a change to the memory, you would have to replace the entire motherboard for that laptop.

這意味著你無法升級或更改該筆記本電腦的內存容量，如果你需要更改內存，你必須更換該筆記本電腦的整個主板。

And that is certainly a very costly endeavor when all you might want is additional memory in your system.

如果你想要的只是在系統中增加內存，這無疑是一項非常昂貴的工作。

Here's a picture of a SO-DIMM.

這是一張 SO-DIMM 的圖片。

This one is in context with everything around it.

這一個與周圍的一切都息息相關。

So you can see this is a relatively small memory module, especially when you compare it to the larger

是以，你可以看到這是一個相對較小的內存模塊，尤其是當你把它與較大的

DIMMs that you might find inside of a desktop computer.

與臺式電腦中的 DIMM 相同。

To be able to install the SO-DIMM, you place it into the memory slot on the laptop, push it down so that it locks, and now you have additional memory in your laptop.

要安裝 SO-DIMM，只需將其放入筆記本電腦的內存插槽中，向下按壓使其鎖定，現在筆記本電腦中就有了額外的內存。

Our laptops also need some type of storage space so that we can retrieve or save files to that system.

我們的筆記本電腦也需要某種類型的存儲空間，以便我們可以檢索或將文件保存到系統中。

Older laptops might have storage in the form of a magnetic disk.

老式筆記本電腦可能採用磁盤存儲。

This is the hard drives that we traditionally think about.

這就是我們傳統意義上的硬盤。

These are spinning physical drives, but they're in a form factor that's around 2 and 1 half inches.

這些都是旋轉物理硬盤，但它們的外形尺寸約為 2.1.5 英寸。

This 2 and 1 half inch form factor works well for these portable platforms, especially when you consider that desktop platforms have the larger 3 and 1 half inch size hard drives.

這種 2.1.5 英寸的外形尺寸非常適合這些便攜式平臺，尤其是考慮到臺式機平臺使用的是更大的 3.1.5 英寸硬盤。

Many newer laptops will instead have solid state drives, or SSDs, instead of spinning hard drives.

許多較新的筆記本電腦採用固態硬盤或 SSD，而不是旋轉硬盤。

As the name implies, a solid state drive is solid state.

顧名思義，固態硬盤就是固態硬盤。

There are no moving parts inside of an SSD, even though the SSD shown here in this picture looks identical to the form factor and connectivity you might have for a hard drive.

固態硬盤內部沒有活動部件，儘管這張照片中顯示的固態硬盤與硬盤的外形和連接方式完全相同。

This makes it very easy to perform an upgrade because you can unplug a hard drive and connect an SSD to the same interface using exactly the same form factor.

這使得升級變得非常容易，因為你可以拔下硬盤，然後使用完全相同的外形將固態硬盤連接到相同的接口上。

One significant advantage of the SSD is the greatly increased speed for reading and writing data to this device.

固態硬盤的一個顯著優勢是讀寫數據的速度大大提高。

And by simply upgrading from a hard drive to an SSD, you can greatly improve the performance of almost any device.

只需將硬盤升級為固態硬盤，就能大大提高几乎所有設備的性能。

There's also another interface type available on many devices called an M.2 interface.

許多設備上還有另一種接口類型，稱為 M.2 接口。

This is an M.2 interface on an SSD drive.

這是固態硬盤上的 M.2 接口。

And you can see the size of this SSD is much smaller than the larger and more traditional SATA connected SSD.

你可以看到，這款固態硬盤的尺寸要比更大更傳統的 SATA 連接固態硬盤小得多。

This means we can fit a lot more storage in a much smaller space, and we don't have the cables that you would normally find on a traditional SATA connected SSD.

這意味著我們可以在更小的空間內容納更多的存儲空間，而且沒有傳統 SATA 固態硬盤上常見的線纜。

This is also a very modular form of storage.

這也是一種非常模塊化的存儲形式。

You can simply plug it into a slot, use a screw to connect it, and you now have additional storage inside of your system.

您只需將其插入插槽，用螺絲連接，就能在系統內獲得額外的存儲空間。

Here's another view of these two storage devices together.

下面是這兩個存儲設備的另一個組合視圖。

One is a spinning hard drive with a SATA connection.

一個是帶有 SATA 接口的旋轉硬盤。

The other is an SSD using an M.2 interface.

另一種是使用 M.2 接口的固態硬盤。

And you can see these are very two different kinds of connections using a very different form factor inside of the laptop.

你可以看到，這是兩種不同的連接方式，使用的是筆記本電腦內部不同的外形尺寸。

If you need to replace or upgrade the storage that's inside of your laptop, you may find that everything is internal to the laptop, and you have to open the entire back of the laptop to gain access to that particular storage bay.

如果您需要更換或升級筆記本電腦內部的存儲設備，您可能會發現所有設備都在筆記本電腦內部，您必須打開筆記本電腦的整個背面才能進入特定的存儲空間。

Or there may be a window or an opening on the back of a laptop, and you simply need to open one single window to gain access to the entire storage area.

或者，筆記本電腦背面可能有一個窗口或開口，您只需打開一個窗口就能進入整個存儲區域。

Whether these are drives that are inside of the laptop or they're accessible from a cover on the back of the laptop, they're relatively easy to replace.

無論這些硬盤是在筆記本電腦內部，還是可以從筆記本電腦背面的蓋子接觸到，更換起來都相對容易。

There are probably a few screws you would remove.

可能有幾個螺絲需要卸下。

You would disconnect it from the SATA connection that's on your laptop and then slide it out of that particular bay.

你可以將它與筆記本電腦上的 SATA 連接斷開，然後將它從特定的托架上滑出。

To add a new drive, you simply plug it into the cable, screw it down, and now you have a new drive inside of that laptop.

要添加新硬盤，只需將其插入電纜，擰緊螺絲，現在筆記本電腦內就有了一個新硬盤。

If you're connecting to an M.2 interface, it's even easier.

如果要連接到 M.2 接口，那就更簡單了。

It's a single screw that allows you to either connect or disconnect that M.2 drive, and it simply slides out of that M.2 interface, very similar to the interface you would use for installing memory on a system.

只需一顆螺絲，就能連接或斷開 M.2 硬盤，而且只需從 M.2 接口滑出即可，與在系統上安裝內存時使用的接口非常相似。

This laptop happens to have a cover in the back that gains access to the storage drive.

這檯筆記本電腦的背面恰好有一個蓋子，可以進入存儲驅動器。

You would unscrew that cover and remove it from the system, and then unscrew the mount that is keeping that drive in place inside of the laptop.

你可以擰下蓋子，將其從系統中取出，然後擰下將硬盤固定在筆記本電腦內部的支架。

On this laptop, you simply slide the drive back, which disconnects it from the SATA connection, and you can remove it from the laptop.

在這款筆記本電腦上，只需將硬盤向後滑動，斷開與 SATA 接口的連接，就可以將其從筆記本電腦上取下。

It's a similar process if the drive is inside of the laptop without an access cover.

如果硬盤在筆記本電腦內部，沒有檢修蓋，過程也類似。

You'll just have to remove the entire back of the laptop to be able to gain access to that drive.

您只需拆下整個筆記本電腦的背面，就能訪問該硬盤。

And if you're lucky enough to have a laptop with an M.2 connection, there's probably a cover on the back that you can remove, and then you can add the SSD, use the single screw to tighten it down, replace the cover, and now you have a new storage drive on your laptop.

如果你有幸擁有一臺帶有 M.2 接口的筆記本電腦，背面可能會有一個蓋子，你可以把它取下來，然後就可以添加固態硬盤，用一顆螺絲擰緊，再把蓋子換上，現在你的筆記本電腦上就有了一個新的存儲硬盤。

Because the performance of a system can be improved dramatically by replacing a spinning hard drive with an SSD, it's very common to perform these migrations and move an operating system from an existing spinning hard drive to a new SSD on these laptops.

由於用固態硬盤取代旋轉硬盤可以顯著提高系統性能，是以在這些筆記本電腦上執行這些遷移並將作業系統從現有的旋轉硬盤移到新的固態硬盤上是非常常見的。

You can do this a number of different ways.

您可以通過多種不同的方式來實現這一目標。

One common way to do it is to install an operating system on the SSD and simply move over a user's documents and any applications that they might need.

一種常見的方法是在固態硬盤上安裝作業系統，然後將用戶的文檔和可能需要的任何應用程序轉移到固態硬盤上。

However, this can be time consuming because it requires an additional operating system installation, and then you have to manually move over everything that user might have in their user documents and then manually install any applications that are important for that user.

不過，這可能會很耗時，因為它需要額外安裝作業系統，然後你還必須手動轉移用戶在其用戶文檔中可能擁有的所有內容，再手動安裝對該用戶很重要的任何應用程序。

Another way to migrate from a hard drive to an SSD and a method that's perhaps more elegant is to create a clone or an image of the hard drive and move that image to the new SSD.

從硬盤遷移到固態硬盤的另一種方法或許更優雅，那就是創建硬盤的克隆或鏡像，然後將該鏡像移動到新的固態硬盤上。

This means that you don't have to install a new operating system on the SSD, and when you move this image from one system to the other, you're moving everything, all of the user's data and all of the user's applications.

這意味著你不必在固態硬盤上安裝新的作業系統，而且當你把這個鏡像從一個系統移動到另一個系統時，你移動的是所有東西，包括用戶的所有數據和用戶的所有應用程序。

To perform this migration, you'll need software that can create the image on the hard drive and move that image or copy it onto the SSD.

要執行這種遷移，你需要能在硬盤上創建映像並將該映像移動或複製到固態硬盤上的軟件。

There are a number of applications that can do this.

有許多應用程序可以做到這一點。

Many manufacturers will include an application with the SSD that can provide this imaging function, but there are many commercial and open source options available.

許多製造商會在固態硬盤中附帶一個能提供成像功能的應用程序，但也有許多商業和開源的選擇。

Some organizations will create one single image file and use that image file to create multiple copies across multiple systems.

有些組織會創建一個單一的鏡像文件，並使用該鏡像文件在多個系統中創建多個副本。

You can also perform a drive to drive image where there's no intermediary image file.

您還可以執行沒有中間映像文件的驅動器到驅動器映像。

You're simply taking everything from one system and copying it sector by sector over to the drive that's on another system.

你只是將一個系統中的所有內容逐個扇區複製到另一個系統的硬盤上。

This would require that you either have two systems running simultaneously so you can perform that drive to drive image, or the system that you're using supports having multiple drives inside of it simultaneously.

這需要你同時運行兩個系統，以便執行驅動器到驅動器的映像，或者你正在使用的系統支持在其內部同時安裝多個驅動器。

On many newer laptops, you may find that wireless functionality using 802.11 or Bluetooth connections are built into the system board or motherboard of that laptop.

在許多較新的筆記本電腦上，您可能會發現該筆記本電腦的系統板或主板內置了使用 802.11 或藍牙連接的無線功能。

Older laptops may include many PCI or many PCI Express interfaces so that you can add additional wireless connectivity.

較舊的筆記本電腦可能包含多個 PCI 或多個 PCI Express 接口，以便您添加額外的無線連接。

For example, you could plug in one of these cards and you might have 802.11 access that will provide you with local area network coverage on wireless networks.

例如，你可以插入一塊這樣的網卡，就可以通過 802.11 接入無線網絡，為你提供局域網覆蓋。

Or this may be a Bluetooth connection so that you can connect over a personal area network to earpieces, speakers, and other Bluetooth components.

也可以是藍牙連接，這樣您就可以通過個人區域網絡連接到聽筒、揚聲器和其他藍牙組件。

This is designed to be user replaceable so there's usually a cover that you can remove on the back of the laptop that will allow you access to the mini PCI or mini PCI

這種設計是為了方便用戶更換，是以筆記本電腦背面通常會有一個可以取下的蓋子，這樣就可以接觸到迷你 PCI 或迷你 PCI。

Express interfaces.

快速接口。

This is an older laptop that has a couple of storage bays.

這是一臺較舊的筆記本電腦，有幾個存儲托架。

Here's the memory in the middle of the system.

這是系統中間的存儲器。

There's some cooling here for the CPU.

這裡為 CPU 提供了一些散熱裝置。

And you can see right here on the bottom right are two mini PCI Express interfaces.

你可以看到右下方有兩個迷你 PCI Express 接口。

One of these is for wireless local area network and the other is for a wireless personal area network or Bluetooth.

其中一個用於無線局域網，另一個用於無線個人局域網或藍牙。

Here's a better view of these.

這裡有一個更好的視角。

There's actually three slots available on this laptop.

這款筆記本電腦實際上有三個插槽。

We're using two of them, one for 802.11 and the other one for Bluetooth.

我們使用兩臺，一臺用於 802.11，另一臺用於藍牙。

But there's a slot right in the middle specifying for wireless wide area network, which would be a cellular connection so that you can use a third party cellular provider to gain access to the network when you're away from 802.11 or any other type of network.

但中間有一個插槽指定用於無線廣域網，也就是蜂窩連接，這樣當你遠離 802.11 或任何其他類型的網絡時，就可以使用第三方蜂窩服務提供商接入網絡。

These cards are very modular so it's very easy to slide one into a slot, push it down, and you've installed the card.

這些卡非常模塊化，是以很容易將其中一個滑入插槽，向下一推，卡就安裝好了。

For these wireless cards, there are usually antenna wires connected as well.

這些無線網卡通常還連接有天線線。

So you would connect those to the appropriate ports on that wireless card.

是以，您需要將這些設備連接到無線網卡上的相應端口。

Our newer operating systems may provide us with additional authentication options, which can be really useful on a laptop computer.

較新的作業系統可能會為我們提供額外的身份驗證選項，這在筆記本電腦上非常有用。

For example, instead of typing a password to gain access to the system, you might want to use biometrics.

例如，您可能希望使用生物識別技術來代替輸入密碼進入系統。

Our operating system can look at our face, it can look at our fingerprint, and be able to determine if that's really us and if we should gain access to the system.

我們的作業系統可以看到我們的臉，可以看到我們的指紋，並能確定那是否真的是我們，以及我們是否應該進入系統。

There are usually two components to this.

這通常有兩個方面。

There's the software in the operating system so that it can support this method of authentication.

作業系統中的軟件可以支持這種驗證方法。

And then you'll need some type of hardware that can provide either the view of your face or the view of your finger so that it can determine if that's really you wanting to gain access to the laptop.

然後，你需要某種硬件，可以提供你的面部視圖或手指視圖，以便確定是否真的是你想要進入筆記本電腦。

If you look at the options for authentication in your account settings in Windows, you'll see the different options that are available.

在 Windows 的賬戶設置中查看身份驗證選項，就會看到不同的可用選項。

We're all very familiar with the password option, for example.

例如，我們都非常熟悉密碼選項。

But if you wanted to use biometrics, you could use Windows Hello Face, which will use the camera on your system to look at your face, or use Windows Hello Fingerprint, which uses a fingerprint reader.

不過，如果你想使用生物識別技術，可以使用 Windows Hello 面部識別，它會使用系統上的攝像頭來查看你的面部，或者使用 Windows Hello 指紋識別，它會使用指紋讀取器。

Since it's difficult to duplicate your face or your fingerprint, these are relatively secure ways of authenticating into your laptop.