And I pondered to myself, why did you humans end up as soft, two-legged beings instead of, I don't know, multi-legged shell-toting crabs?

我在想，為什麼你們人類最終變成了柔軟的兩腳動物，而不是，我不知道，多腳的背殼螃蟹？

Of all the possibilities out there, how did you land on this?

有這麼多可能性，你怎麼會想到這個？

I mean, these other creatures separately became crabs, why didn't you?

我是說，其他生物都分別變成了螃蟹，為什麼你沒有？

Evolution is fun in your favorite copyrighted monster catching franchise, but complex in real life, so let's break it down, and don't press B, okay?

進化在你最喜歡的受版權保護的怪物捕捉特許經營項目中很有趣，但在現實生活中卻很複雜，所以讓我們來分析一下，不要按 B，好嗎？

Hey there, welcome to Life Noggin.

你好，歡迎來到 Life Noggin。

Every living thing on Earth evolved over millions of years, changing to adapt to new environments, resulting in new species, like humans.

地球上的每一種生物都經過了數百萬年的進化，不斷變化以適應新的環境，從而產生了像人類這樣的新物種。

That's not a human, Triangle Bob, try again.

那不是人類，三角鮑勃，再試一次。

All living things have a genome.

所有生物都有基因組。

This is your deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

這就是脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）。

Which contains all the information needed for an organism to develop and function.

其中包含生物體發育和運作所需的所有資訊。

To understand evolution, we have to understand DNA.

要了解進化論，我們必須瞭解 DNA。

DNA is made up of two long twisted chains linked together by pairs of nucleotides.

DNA 由成對的核苷酸連接而成的兩條扭曲的長鏈組成。

These chains can be divided into sections called genes that serve a certain purpose.

這些鏈條可分為若干部分，這些部分被稱為基因，具有一定的作用。

Like the instructions to make your eyes blue, it's the blueprint.

就像讓眼睛變藍的說明書一樣，這就是藍圖。

DNA is tightly packaged into chromosomes small enough to fit inside the cell's nucleus.

DNA 被緊緊包裹在染色體中，小到足以裝入細胞核內。

Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes and is what gives your cells the instructions to make you, you.

每條染色體都包含成百上千個基因，是它們向細胞發出指令，讓它們創造出你。

Triangle Bob, no, no, no, no, no, bad, bad Triangle Bob.

三角鮑勃，不，不，不，不，不，壞，壞三角鮑勃。

When cells divide and multiply, the entire genome is replicated, so new cells contain the same information as their parent cell.

細胞分裂和繁殖時，整個基因組都會被複制，是以新細胞包含的資訊與母細胞相同。

But sometimes mistakes happen, and nucleotides are replaced, deleted, or added, which is known as a genetic mutation.

但有時也會發生錯誤，核苷酸被替換、刪除或添加，這就是所謂的基因突變。

This means your body has an error in its instruction manual.

這意味著你的身體說明書有誤。

Depending on the gene, it may not have any effect on how your body functions, however, some mutations can lead to disease or even be beneficial.

根據基因的不同，它可能不會對人體功能產生任何影響，但有些基因突變可能會導致疾病，甚至是有益的。

If you have kids, this mutated gene could be passed down.

如果您有孩子，這種變異基因可能會遺傳給下一代。

If it's helpful, like losing your tail lets you move around faster, your descendants will reproduce and continue passing it on until it spreads throughout the population.

如果它對你有幫助，比如失去尾巴能讓你走得更快，你的後代就會繁衍下去，繼續把它傳下去，直到它在整個種群中傳播開來。

When the new population becomes different enough from the previous one, it's considered a new species.

當新的種群與之前的種群有足夠大的差異時，它就會被視為一個新的物種。

These differences aren't major ones, new species will still look and act a lot like their ancestors and have nearly identical DNA.

這些差異並不是主要差異，新物種的外觀和行為仍然與它們的祖先非常相似，DNA 也幾乎完全相同。

For instance, human and chimp DNA is 98.8% the same.

例如，人類和黑猩猩的 DNA 有 98.8% 是相同的。

But human DNA is vastly different than let's say crabs, which are on a totally different branch of the evolutionary tree.

但是，人類的 DNA 與螃蟹有很大的不同，因為螃蟹在進化樹上屬於完全不同的分支。

The similarities between humans and great apes is what led many biologists, like Charles Darwin, to suspect that you share a common ancestor and to investigate where your genetic differences originated.

人類和類人猿之間的相似性促使許多生物學家，如查爾斯-達爾文，懷疑你們有一個共同的祖先，並研究你們的基因差異起源於何處。

They mostly wondered why great apes have an additional pair of chromosomes.

他們主要想知道為什麼類人猿多了一對染色體。

Triangle Bob, do not make me get the larger spray bottle here, I will.

三角鮑勃，別逼我拿更大的噴壺，我會的。

In 2005, scientists published the evidence that humans chromosome 2 is the result of the fusion of two chromosomes that are separate in other primates.

2005 年，科學家公佈的證據表明，人類的 2 號染色體是由兩條染色體融合而成的，而在其他靈長類動物中，這兩條染色體是分開的。

Not only do the DNA sequences in human chromosome 2 match that of two chimpanzee chromosomes, it also has a vestigial center point and endpoint located within it, showing exactly where the two chromosomes became one.

人類 2 號染色體的 DNA 序列不僅與黑猩猩的兩條染色體相吻合，而且其中還有一個殘留的中心點和端點，顯示了兩條染色體合二為一的確切位置。

Many scientists point to this example as irrefutable evidence for evolution.

許多科學家把這個例子作為進化論的無可辯駁的證據。

But it's just one of the many examples where a mutation to an organism's chromosomes led to a brand new species.

但這只是生物染色體變異導致全新物種出現的眾多例子之一。

By identifying these alterations in extinct and living organisms, scientists are gaining a better understanding of not only human evolution, but how all life on Earth came to be.

通過識別已滅絕生物和在生生物的這些變化，科學家們不僅對人類進化，而且對地球上所有生命的起源有了更好的瞭解。

All right, your monster catching days are over, Triangle Bob, I am cutting you off.

好了，你捕捉怪獸的日子結束了，三角鮑勃，我要和你分手了。

No, I don't care that it's a shiny, that is not why you're having heart eyes.

不，我不在乎它是閃亮的，那不是你心痛的原因。

This evolution video has been a highly requested one for a while now, so tell me, what questions do you have about your world or my world?

這段 "進化論 "視頻一直以來都備受關注，那麼請告訴我，你對你的世界或我的世界有什麼疑問？

We're taking questions for future episodes of Life Noggin.

我們正在為未來的《Life Noggin》節目接受提問。

Click here to watch this video with a certain world champ or click here to watch this video.

單擊此處觀看與某位世界冠軍的視頻，或單擊此處觀看此視頻。

As always, my name is Blocko, this has been Life Noggin, don't forget to keep on thinking.

和往常一樣，我的名字叫 Blocko，這一直是 Life Noggin，別忘了繼續思考。