(Laughter)

早安，你們好嗎？這次大會實在很精彩，對吧？

It's been great, hasn't it?

這一切都讓我太震驚。

I've been blown away by the whole thing.

所以我現在要離開了。（笑聲）

In fact, I'm leaving.

我今天要談的

(Laughter)

與貫穿這次研討會的

There have been three themes running through the conference

三個主題相關。

which are relevant to what I want to talk about.

首先，這些演說與這裏的每個人

One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity

所涵蓋領域

in all of the presentations that we've had

的廣度與歧異度

and in all of the people here.

是展現人類創意的傑出典範。第二、

Just the variety of it and the range of it.

這樣的創意讓人了解到，我們根本不能預知

The second is that it's put us in a place

未來。我們不知道

where we have no idea what's going to happen,

未來會是何種面貌

in terms of the future.

我對教育議題有興趣 —

No idea how this may play out.

事實上，我發現每個人都對教育有興趣

I have an interest in education.

不是嗎？我覺得很有趣的是

Actually, what I find is everybody has an interest in education.

即便在一個晚宴上，你告訴大家

Don't you?

你在教育界服務。

I find this very interesting.

坦白說你很少會參加那些晚宴啦，因為如果你在教育界工作

If you're at a dinner party,

（笑聲）沒人會邀請你去。

and you say you work in education --

詭異的是就算請你去一次，也不會再請你去第二次。

Actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.

但是如果你應邀出席了，你問同桌的某人，

(Laughter)

他在何處高就，

If you work in education, you're not asked.

然後說你自己在教育界工作。

(Laughter)

你立刻會看到他們臉上出現三條黑線，彷彿是說：

And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.

天啊！為什麼是我？我這星期好不容易有個晚上可以輕鬆一下。（笑聲）

But if you are, and you say to somebody,

但如果你問大家受過什麼樣教育，

you know, they say, "What do you do?"

每個人都滔滔不絕說個沒完。因為這是影響

and you say you work in education,

人們極深的幾個主題之一，對吧？

you can see the blood run from their face.

就像宗教、金錢或其他一些事情一樣。

They're like, "Oh my God," you know, "Why me?"

我個人對教育極感興趣，我猜我們都是這樣。

(Laughter)

大家都對教育興趣濃厚，

"My one night out all week."

其中部份原因是：

(Laughter)

教育可用來幫助我們掌握難以理解的未來。

But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall.

試想，今年開始上學的小孩

Because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?

將在西元 2065 年退休。沒人會知道 —

Like religion, and money and other things.

儘管我們在過去四天中探討了各種專業知識 —

So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.

五年後世界會怎樣。

We have a huge vested interest in it,

但我們本來應該是要

partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future

教育這些孩子為將來預作準備，所以我認為，未來的不可預知性

that we can't grasp.

是極為特殊的。

If you think of it, children starting school this year

第三部份是

will be retiring in 2065.

我們都仍同意

Nobody has a clue,

孩童擁有驚人的潛力 —

despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,

他們創新的潛力。我是說，昨晚的莎琳娜真是令人驚奇，

what the world will look like in five years' time.

不是嗎？目睹了昨晚莎琳娜能做到的事。

And yet we're meant to be educating them for it.

她真是優秀，但我認為在所有的孩童裡面，

So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.

她並沒有那麼的特殊。

And the third part of this

昨晚你見到的只是一個已經發現他才能的人

is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,

非常專心致力於其天賦的結果。我的觀點是

on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --

所有孩子都天賦異稟。

their capacities for innovation.

都被我們殘酷的浪費了。

I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?

所以我想談談教育

Just seeing what she could do.

與創意。我的論點是

And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,

在我們的教育裏，創意與識字能力同等重要，

exceptional in the whole of childhood.

我們應該給予兩者平等的地位。

What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication

（掌聲）謝謝。就這樣，我說完了。

who found a talent.

非常謝謝大家。（笑聲）所以，還剩下十五分鐘。

And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents.

這個嘛，我生於 — 不，開玩笑的（笑聲）

And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.

我最近聽到了一個很棒的故事 — 我很愛轉述它 —

So I want to talk about education

有個小女孩在上繪畫課。她六歲，

and I want to talk about creativity.

她坐在教室後方畫畫，

My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,

老師說這小女孩平常非常難專注在

and we should treat it with the same status.

一件事物上，但是今天她很專心。

(Applause) Thank you.

老師非常的好奇，於是老師走向小女孩

(Applause)

問道：妳在畫什麼？

That was it, by the way.

小女孩說：我正在畫一幅上帝的畫像。

Thank you very much.

老師又說：可是沒人知道上帝長什麼樣子啊。

(Laughter)

小女孩接著說：那他們馬上就會知道了。

So, 15 minutes left.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

當我兒子四歲在英國的時候，

Well, I was born... no.

其實，說實話，他在各地都是四歲。（笑聲）

(Laughter)

我們對他很嚴格，不管去哪他都是四歲。

I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --

他在聖誕節參加演出耶穌誕生的兒童劇。

of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.

你們記得那個故事嗎？它很著名。

She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,

那是個很著名的故事。梅爾•吉勃遜演了續集。

and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,

耶穌誕生第二集，你們也許看過。但我兒子詹姆士扮演耶穌的養父聖若瑟，

and in this drawing lesson, she did.

我們很興奮。

The teacher was fascinated.

我們認為這角色是主角群之一。

She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"

觀眾席上擠滿了我們找來穿著印有

And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."

「詹姆士•羅賓森是聖若瑟」字樣T恤的人。（笑聲）

And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."

不過他是沒有台詞的，你知道故事中來自

And the girl said, "They will, in a minute."

東方的三博士來朝拜剛出生的耶穌。他們輪流獻上

(Laughter)

黃金、乳香與沒藥三項禮物。

When my son was four in England --

我們坐在那看戲時,這是真實發生的情況歐，

Actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.

我發現他們把獻禮的順序弄錯了，

(Laughter)

我們後來問兒子說：

If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.

你不在意嗎？他說：這有什麼錯嗎？

He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?

他們就換ㄧ下順序而已啊。

(Laughter)

故事繼續，這三個四歲小男孩走進耶穌的家，

No, it was big, it was a big story.

頭上包著毛巾布，

Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.

他們把裝禮物的三個盒子放下，

(Laughter)

第一個小男孩說：我為你獻上黃金。

"Nativity II."

第二個說：我為你獻上沒藥。

But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.

第三個小男孩說：這是法蘭克送的(Frank sent this)[應為乳香-Frankincense，但小男孩不會發音]

We considered this to be one of the lead parts.

這些故事的共通處說明了小孩願意冒險。

We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:

有不知道的事，他們就用猜的。

"James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter)

我說的對吧？他們不怕犯錯。

He didn't have to speak,

當然，我不是說犯錯等於有創意。

but you know the bit where the three kings come in?

但是我們知道

They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.

如果你沒有犯錯的心理準備，

This really happened.

就永遠無法發揮獨創性。

We were sitting there and I think they just went out of sequence,

如果你都不準備犯錯。當他們長大成人時，

because we talked to the little boy afterward and we said,

絕大部份孩子已經失去這項冒險的能力了。

"You OK with that?" And he said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"

他們會變得害怕犯錯。

They just switched.

順道一提，我們就是這樣經營公司企業的。

The three boys came in,

我們懲罰錯誤。我們現在也以

four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads,

同樣方式在經營國家的教育制度，

and they put these boxes down,

告訴孩子犯錯是最糟的事。

and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."

而結果是我們教出一堆

And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."

沒有創意的人。畢卡索曾經說過：

And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."

所有孩子都是天生的藝術家。

(Laughter)

問題是如何維持藝術家的性格到成年。我堅信：

What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.

我們不會越老越有創意，

If they don't know, they'll have a go.

我們的成長背離創意。或者說，教育抹煞了我們的創造力。

Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.

為什麼呢？

I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.

我以前住在英國埃文河畔的斯特拉福，莎士比亞的家鄉。

What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,

我們五年前從那搬到美國洛杉磯。

you'll never come up with anything original --

所以你可以了解，這是個多麼平順的轉變吧。

if you're not prepared to be wrong.

（笑聲）事實上，

And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.

我們那時住在斯特拉福外圍的

They have become frightened of being wrong.

斯尼特菲爾，那是

And we run our companies like this.

莎翁父親出生的小鎮。這有沒有讓你聯想到什麼？我有。

We stigmatize mistakes.

你從來沒想過莎士比亞也有爸爸吧？有嗎？

And we're now running national education systems

想過嗎？因為你沒有想過

where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.

莎士比亞曾經是個小孩，有嗎？

And the result is that we are educating people

七歲的莎士比亞？我從來沒想過。我是說，

out of their creative capacities.

他曾經是七歲大。他曾經是

Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.

某人英文課上的學生，難道不是嗎？想想那會有多討厭？

The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.

（笑聲）「你得更用功」爸爸趕他上床睡覺，你知道的，

I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,

跟莎士比亞說：上床睡覺，馬上！

we grow out of it.

威廉•莎士比亞，「給我把鉛筆放下。

Or rather, we get educated out of it.

而且別再用那種辭彙講話，大家都聽的霧煞煞。」

So why is this?

（笑聲）

I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.

反正呢，我們從斯特拉福搬到洛城，

In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.

我事實上只是想談談我們的這個轉變。

So you can imagine what a seamless transition that this was.

我的兒子並不想來。

(Laughter)

我有兩個孩子。兒子今年 21，女兒 16 歲。

Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,

他不想來洛杉磯。他很喜歡這裡，

just outside Stratford,

但因為他在英國有女朋友。名叫莎拉，她是他人生至愛。

which is where Shakespeare's father was born.

他那時認識她一個月。

Are you struck by a new thought? I was.

告訴你，他們好像已經認識四年一樣，

You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?

因為對 16 歲來說一個月是個很長的時間。

Do you? Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?

無論如何，我兒子在飛機上很難過，

Shakespeare being seven?

他說：我再也找不到像莎拉這樣的女孩了。

I never thought of it.

但坦白說，我們對此挺高興的，

I mean, he was seven at some point.

因為她是我們決定搬離英國的主要原因。

He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

但當你來到美國

How annoying would that be?

或是在世界各地旅行時

(Laughter)

你會驚訝的發現，這地球上所有教育系統都有同樣的科目階級制度。

"Must try harder."

不管你去哪裏，都是這樣。

(Laughter)

你以為會有所不同，但真的沒有差別。

Being sent to bed by his dad, you know, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!

最高階的學科是數學和語文，

And put the pencil down."

接著是人文社會科目，而藝術則是墊底的科目。

(Laughter)

到處都一樣。

"And stop speaking like that."

而且每個教育體系中的藝術課程中，

(Laughter)

也都有同樣的階級制度。

"It's confusing everybody."

美術和音樂課程在學校永遠比

(Laughter)

戲劇和舞蹈課程更重要。這地球上沒有一個教育系統

Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,

每天教授小孩們跳舞，

and I just want to say a word about the transition.

就像教數學一樣。為什麼呢？

My son didn't want to come.

為什麼不呢？我覺得這很重要。

I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.

我認為數學非常重要，但舞蹈也是。

He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.

如果被允許，孩子們無時無刻不在跳舞，我們都是這樣。

He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.

我們都有肢體，不是嗎？我錯過了什麼嗎？

This was the love of his life, Sarah.

（笑聲）這一切背後的真相是，

He'd known her for a month.

當小孩開始成長，我們的教育重心

(Laughter)

大量移至腰部以上。然後著重在頭部。

Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,

並且沒有左右均衡。

because it's a long time when you're 16.

如果你觀察這種教育制度，當個局外人，

He was really upset on the plane,

然後問：公立教育的目的是什麼呢？

he said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."

我想你的結論會是 — 如果你以結果論，

And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --

誰能在這種制度下成功？

(Laughter)

誰是乖乖牌，從不犯錯？

Because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.

誰累積了最多嘉獎？誰是贏家？—

(Laughter)

我想你會得到這樣的結論，

But something strikes you when you move to America

全球公立教育的目的只是

and travel around the world:

製造大學教授，難道不是嗎？

Every education system on Earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.

他們是那群高分畢業的人。

Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.

我以前也是大學教授，所以你看吧！（笑聲）

You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.

當然我喜歡大學教授，但你知道，

At the top are mathematics and languages,

我們不應將他們視為人類成就的最高指標。

then the humanities, and at the bottom are the arts.

那只是一種生活方式，

Everywhere on Earth.

就只是一種不同的生活方式。是但教授們是有些古怪的，

And in pretty much every system too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.

我會這樣說是因為，我對他們有深厚的感情。

Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools

在我的經驗裏，教授們是有點難以理解的 —

than drama and dance.

不是所有教授都這樣，但一般來說 — 他們活在自己腦袋中。

There isn't an education system on the planet

他們都活在那兒，而且稍微偏向一邊。

that teaches dance everyday to children

他們是脫離現實的，你知道，我沒有誇大。

the way we teach them mathematics. Why?

他們向下看著他們的身體，

Why not? I think this is rather important.

將其視為運輸頭部的一種交通工具，難道不是嗎？

I think math is very important, but so is dance.

（笑聲）是將他們的腦袋帶往會議場所的一種方式。

Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.

如果你還需要這種離體經驗的真實證據，

We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?

順道提一下，去參加一個由資深學者組成的

(Laughter)

需要住宿的研討會，

Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,

然後在最後一個晚上，到大會附近的舞廳去。

we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.

（笑聲）那你就會看到我所謂的證據，許多成年男女

And then we focus on their heads.

痛苦的扭動著身體，完全跟不上節拍，

And slightly to one side.

他們只想等著舞曲結束，好快點回家寫一篇關於此行的報告。

If you were to visit education, as an alien,

我們將教育制度建構在學術能力上。

and say "What's it for, public education?"

是有原因的。

I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,

這整個系統是被創造的 — 全球皆然，

who really succeeds by this,

真的，十九世紀前並沒有公立教育制度。

who does everything that they should,

這系統的目的是要

who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --

滿足西方工業化的需求。

I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education

所以這個階級制度根植在兩種概念上。

throughout the world

首先，最有利工作的學科

is to produce university professors.

享有最高地位。所以當你還是個孩子的時候，在學校

Isn't it?

就被良性的指導不要去學某些東西，一些你喜歡的事物，

They're the people who come out the top.

因為就算你學了

And I used to be one, so there.

以後工作也用不上。對吧？

(Laughter)

別學音樂，因為你不會變成音樂家;

And I like university professors, but you know,

別學美術，你不會變成藝術家。

we shouldn't hold them up

善意的建議 — 才怪，大錯特錯。這整個世界

as the high-water mark of all human achievement.

都被工業革命吞沒。

They're just a form of life,

第二，我們對智力的看法取決於

another form of life.

學術能力的高底，

But they're rather curious, and I say this out of affection for them.

因為大學院校以他們自己的經驗為藍本來設計教育制度。

There's something curious about professors in my experience --

你仔細思考就會發現，

not all of them, but typically, they live in their heads.

全世界的公立教育系統都只是為進入

They live up there, and slightly to one side.

大學之門鋪路。

They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.

而結果造成許多有天份、

They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.

有創意的、聰明的學生自我否定，

(Laughter)

因為他們的專長在學校

Don't they?

不被重視，還可能因此受罰。

It's a way of getting their head to meetings.

我認為，我們不能再繼續這樣下去。

(Laughter)

根據聯合國教育文化組織的數據，內來三十年內

If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences,

全世界從教育系統畢業的人數

get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics,

將超越人類歷史開始時的人口總數。

and pop into the discotheque on the final night.

更多的人，許多我們談過的因素結合

(Laughter)

造就了這項數字 —

And there, you will see it.

包括科技、對工作的轉型效應、人口組成

Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.

和人口數大爆發。

(Laughter)

突然之間，文憑不值錢了。對吧？

Waiting until it ends so they can go home and write a paper about it.

當我還是學生的時候，如果你有張大學文憑，你就有份工作。

(Laughter)

你要是沒工作，是因為你自己不想要。

Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.

老實說，像我就是不想要工作。（笑聲）

And there's a reason.

但現在有大學文憑的小孩常常

Around the world, there were no public systems of education,