Name: 巫毒教之謎｜完整紀錄片 - Planet Doc 完整紀錄片 (Voodoo Mysteries | Full Documentary - Planet Doc Full Documentaries)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:39:09.000Z
Duration: 52 min 6 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

基礎被動語態

The slave trade with the New World was started not long after the Discovery of America.

For more than three centuries, slave-ships continued with their sinister voyages loaded with their dreadful human cargo.

Millions of people were captured in Africa and sold in America.

By the end of the 18th Century, in Haiti alone, there was a population of more than 2,900,000 African slaves.

After becoming a French possession in 1697,

Haiti soon became America's biggest producer of sugar

and also one of the places with the highest number of slaves in the world.

Now, some of the old sugar plantations have been converted into museums

with enormous stills for distilling the rum, presses where the juice of the sugar cane was extracted

and raised tanks where the fruits of slave labour were kept.

Slave labour carried out under the constant cracking of the whip.

The living conditions of the Africans confined in these yards were atrocious.

After suffering the hardships of a voyage, where normally 20% of the slaves died,

they arrived at the auctions exhausted and ill.

Families were separated and the individual members were sold to different settlers.

Parents and children would never meet again.

The overseers meted out severe punishments to those who did not work flat out

and the hunters of fugitive slaves subjected their prisoners to exemplary treatment which  often resulted in death.

Many succumbed to the wounds caused by heavy shackles,

or dehydrated in the sun whilst chained to these sinister crosses.

Cape Haitien was the point where the slavers would unload their ebony merchandise,

as they called their foul-smelling load of dying slaves that survived the voyage

Today it is one of the most beautiful colonial cities of Haiti.

Its houses speak loudly of the opulent past of the French settlers who managed the sugar plantations.

By the end of the 18th Century the black population had reached about 3 million

and there were ever-increasing problems controlling them.

The blacks that escaped, known as "browns", hid in the mountains and organised themselves in very large rebel groups.

The rumours about the French Revolution gave new strength to the rebels.

Boukman, the leader of the browns, organised a great secret ceremony in BOIS CAIMAN

That night on 14th August 1791, a black pig was sacrificed and all those present drank its blood.

The message was very clear: cut off heads,  burn houses and destroy plantations.

In a few days more than a thousand whites were killed.

The terrified white settlers started the legend that the blacks had made a pact with the devil that night in BOIS CAIMAN.

The "brown" Makandal was burnt alive, so becoming a legendary martyr

who is still called on in voodoo ceremonies today.

Toussaint Louverture became the leader of the blacks and started up a rebellion that lasted for 10 years,

until on the 1st January 1804, Haiti proclaimed its independence,

so becoming the first black republic in the New World.

Two years later, General Henry Christophe proclaimed himself King and constructed the Citadell in the North,

while a mulatto, Petion, took control of the South.

The construction of this enormous fortress built to defend them from the French, who never came back, took 14 years.

Each stone had to be transported by hand up to a site that was 980 metres above sea level.

20,000 people died during its construction.

The story goes that Christophe ordered that those who refused to work should be impaled against the enormous walls of the citadel.

It could house up to 10,000 people and its geographical situation made it virtually impregnable.

King Christophe built up an arsenal of more than 250,000 cannon balls

for the various types of cannons that he had installed in hundreds of embrasures.

The Citadell,  the largest fortress in the Caribbean,

was left anchored in the mountains as a testimony to the struggle of the Haitian people for their independence.

The landscape of the North contrasts with the idea that one may have of Haiti as an arid land.

In this region where King Christophe seems still to reign, the forests are luxuriant and leafy and full of life.

Christophe ordered the Palace of Sans Souci to be built near the Citadell, in the style of Frederick II of Prussia.

In 1820, at the foot of the Palace stairs, near the church,

the eccentric king ended his own life by shooting himself with a golden bullet fired from his silver revolver.

He had repressed his subjects to such a degree, that they rose up against him and forced him to commit suicide.

A simple monument brings him together with the other Fathers of the Nation at the top of a hill near Cape Haitien.

The voodoo phenomenon was born during this period of struggle

in spite of the colonial authorities and the repression of the Church.

The African Gods that travelled in the slaves´ minds had intermingled with the Catholic doctrine of the settlers.

With the flags that represented the different tribes of their ancestors,

the lakús or voodoo monasteries are spread over all the country.

They are normally located in places where the slaves that had run away from the plantations

Voodoo is a religion that is very closely linked with nature

and many of its deities dwell in rivers, valleys and mountains.

There are many natural settings which are real sanctuaries.

The faithful retreat to these places to meditate and meet their luas, or family spirits,

and the principle forces of the Universe.

These are spiritual observatories that enable them to communicate with the Great Beyond.

Voodoo determines and presides over Haitian society,

it is always present in a world where everything that happens,

be it good or bad, is attributed to the direct intervention of the spirits.

Preachers from the most distant parts of the country come here to perform Guiné ceremonies

mother Earth, the Goddess of Love, who is identified in syncretism with the Virgin Mary.

In the shade of the sacred trees, families take turns to perform their ceremonies.

They mainly offer food and rum and wait for Erzuli to appear, for her to take possession of someone's body.

In this case, the woman with the red scarf.

Erzuli likes to flirt, and seduces people without distinguishing between sexes.

She may enter the body of a man or of a woman,

but everybody will immediately recognise her because of her suggestive movements.

Each preacher recognises different beings in this possession.

Its syncretic translation would be the Virgin of High Grace,

the Black Virgin or the Virgin of Monte Carmelo and sometimes St Philomena,

identified in voodoo with a siren who comes out of the sea or of fresh water.

Other participants also go into deep trances.

People help them and respect them, as in these moments their souls are outside their bodies.

The luas or spirits have taken over their bodies in order to express their wishes.

During these possessions, there are frequent displays of the protection conferred on them by the influence of the deity that dwells inside them.

Each lua has different colours, so different coloured scarves are used to call them.

White kaolin powder is also used to attract certain deities and to identify them.

Erzuli has just recognised one of her followers by the rings that adorn his hands.

These are wedding rings that show that the man has married her.

Each person may marry his protective lua.

They gather their relations and witnesses together and go to the OUNFO or voodoo temple,