I'm going to show you a couple of images

from a very diverting paper in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

I'm going to go way out on a limb and say that it is the most diverting paper

ever published in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

The title is "Observations of In-Utero Masturbation."

(Laughter)

Okay. Now on the left you can see the hand -- that's the big arrow --

and the penis on the right. The hand hovering.

And over here we have,

in the words of radiologist Israel Meisner,

"The hand grasping the penis in a fashion resembling masturbation movements."

Bear in mind this was an ultrasound,

so it would have been moving images.

Orgasm is a reflex of the autonomic nervous system.

Now, this is the part of the nervous system

that deals with the things that we don't consciously control,

like digestion, heart rate and sexual arousal.

And the orgasm reflex can be triggered by a surprisingly broad range of input.

Genital stimulation. Duh.

But also, Kinsey interviewed a woman

who could be brought to orgasm by having someone stroke her eyebrow.

People with spinal cord injuries,

like paraplegias, quadriplegias,

will often develop a very, very sensitive area

right above the level of their injury,

wherever that is.

There is such a thing as a knee orgasm in the literature.

I think the most curious one that I came across

was a case report of a woman

who had an orgasm every time she brushed her teeth.

(Laughter)

Something in the complex sensory-motor action of brushing her teeth

was triggering orgasm.

And she went to a neurologist, who was fascinated.

He checked to see if it was something in the toothpaste,

but no -- it happened with any brand.

They stimulated her gums with a toothpick, to see if that was doing it.

No. It was the whole, you know, motion.

And the amazing thing to me

is that you would think this woman would have excellent oral hygiene.

(Laughter)

Sadly -- this is what it said in the journal paper --

"She believed that she was possessed by demons

and switched to mouthwash for her oral care."

It's so sad.

(Laughter)

When I was working on the book,

I interviewed a woman who can think herself to orgasm.

She was part of a study at Rutgers University.

You've got to love that. Rutgers.

So I interviewed her in Oakland, in a sushi restaurant.

And I said, "So, could you do it right here?"

And she said,

"Yeah, but you know I'd rather finish my meal if you don't mind."

(Laughter)

But afterwards, she was kind enough to demonstrate on a bench outside.

It was remarkable. It took about one minute.

And I said to her,

"Are you just doing this all the time?"

(Laughter)

She said, "No. Honestly, when I get home, I'm usually too tired."

(Laughter)

She said that the last time she had done it

was on the Disneyland tram.

(Laughter)

The headquarters for orgasm, along the spinal nerve,

is something called the sacral nerve root,

which is back here.

And if you trigger, if you stimulate with an electrode,

the precise spot, you will trigger an orgasm.

And it is a fact that you can trigger spinal reflexes in dead people --

a certain kind of dead person, a beating-heart cadaver.

Now this is somebody who is brain-dead,

legally dead, definitely checked out,

but is being kept alive on a respirator,

so that their organs will be oxygenated for transplantation.

Now in one of these brain-dead people,

if you trigger the right spot,

you will see something every now and then.

There is a reflex called the Lazarus reflex.

And this is -- I'll demonstrate as best I can, not being dead.

It's like this. You trigger the spot.

The dead guy, or gal, goes... like that.

Very unsettling for people working in pathology labs.

(Laughter)

Now, if you can trigger the Lazarus reflex in a dead person,

why not the orgasm reflex?

I asked this question to a brain death expert,

Stephanie Mann, who was foolish enough to return my emails.

(Laughter)

I said, "So, could you conceivably trigger an orgasm in a dead person?"

She said, "Yes, if the sacral nerve is being oxygenated,

you conceivably could."

Obviously it wouldn't be as much fun for the person.

But it would be an orgasm --

(Laughter)

nonetheless.

There is a researcher at the University of Alabama

who does orgasm research.

I said to her, "You should do an experiment.

You know? You can get cadavers if you work at a university."

I said, "You should actually do this."

She said, "You get the human subjects review board approval for this one."

(Laughter)

According to 1930s marriage manual author,

Theodoor van De Velde,

a slight seminal odor can be detected on the breath of a woman

within about an hour after sexual intercourse.

Theodoor van De Velde was something of a semen connoisseur.

(Laughter)

This is a guy writing a book, "Ideal Marriage," you know.

Very heavy hetero guy.

But he wrote in this book, "Ideal Marriage" --

he said that he could differentiate between the semen of a young man,

which he said had a fresh, exhilarating smell,

and the semen of mature men, whose semen smelled, quote,

"Remarkably like that of the flowers of the Spanish chestnut.

Sometimes quite freshly floral,

and then again sometimes extremely pungent."

(Laughter)

Okay. In 1999, in the state of Israel, a man began hiccupping.

And this was one of those cases that went on and on.

He tried everything his friends suggested.

Nothing seemed to help.

Days went by.

At a certain point, the man, still hiccupping, had sex with his wife.

And lo and behold, the hiccups went away.

He told his doctor, who published a case report

in a Canadian medical journal under the title,

"Sexual Intercourse as a Potential Treatment for Intractable Hiccups."

I love this article because at a certain point they suggested

that unattached hiccuppers could try masturbation.

(Laughter)

I love that because there is like a whole demographic: unattached hiccuppers.

(Laughter)

Married, single, unattached hiccupper.

In the 1900s, early 1900s,

a lot of gynecologists believed that when a woman has an orgasm,

the contractions serve to suck the semen up through the cervix

and sort of deliver it really quickly to the egg,

thereby upping the odds of conception.

It was called the "upsuck" theory.

(Laughter)

If you go all the way back to Hippocrates,

physicians believed that orgasm in women

was not just helpful for conception, but necessary.

Doctors back then were routinely telling men

the importance of pleasuring their wives.

Marriage-manual author and semen-sniffer Theodoor van De Velde --

(Laughter)

has a line in his book.

I loved this guy.

I got a lot of mileage out of Theodoor van De Velde.

He had this line in his book

that supposedly comes from the Habsburg Monarchy,

where there was an empress Maria Theresa,

who was having trouble conceiving.

And apparently the royal court physician said to her,

"I am of the opinion that the vulva of your most sacred majesty

be titillated for some time prior to intercourse."

(Laughter)

It's apparently, I don't know, on the record somewhere.

Masters and Johnson:

now we're moving forward to the 1950s.

Masters and Johnson were upsuck skeptics,

which is also really fun to say.

They didn't buy it.

And they decided, being Masters and Johnson,

that they would get to the bottom of it.

They brought women into the lab -- I think it was five women --

and outfitted them with cervical caps containing artificial semen.

And in the artificial semen was a radio-opaque substance,

such that it would show up on an X-ray.

This is the 1950s.

Anyway, these women sat in front of an X-ray device.

And they masturbated.

And Masters and Johnson looked to see if the semen was being sucked up.

Did not find any evidence of upsuck.

You may be wondering, "How do you make artificial semen?"

(Laughter)

I have an answer for you. I have two answers.

You can use flour and water, or cornstarch and water.

I actually found three separate recipes in the literature.

(Laughter)

My favorite being the one that says --

you know, they have the ingredients listed,

and then in a recipe it will say, for example,

"Yield: two dozen cupcakes."

This one said, "Yield: one ejaculate."

(Laughter)

There's another way that orgasm might boost fertility.

This one involves men.

Sperm that sit around in the body for a week or more

start to develop abnormalities

that make them less effective at head-banging their way into the egg.

British sexologist Roy Levin has speculated

that this is perhaps why men

evolved to be such enthusiastic and frequent masturbators.

He said, "If I keep tossing myself off I get fresh sperm being made."

Which I thought was an interesting idea, theory.

So now you have an evolutionary excuse.

(Laughter)

Okay.

(Laughter)

All righty. There is considerable evidence for upsuck in the animal kingdom --

pigs, for instance.

In Denmark, the Danish National Committee for Pig Production

found out that if you sexually stimulate a sow

while you artificially inseminate her,