I soared through the galaxy

driving a huge starship

with a crew made up of people

from all over this world,

many different races, many different cultures,

many different heritages,

all working together,

and our mission was to explore strange new worlds,

to seek out new life and new civilizations,

to boldly go where no one has gone before.

Well —

(Applause) —

I am the grandson of immigrants from Japan

who went to America,

boldly going to a strange new world,

seeking new opportunities.

My mother was born in Sacramento, California.

My father was a San Franciscan.

They met and married in Los Angeles,

and I was born there.

I was four years old

when Pearl Harbor was bombed

on December 7, 1941 by Japan,

and overnight, the world was plunged

into a world war.

America suddenly was swept up

by hysteria.

Japanese-Americans,

American citizens of Japanese ancestry,

were looked on

with suspicion and fear

and with outright hatred

simply because we happened to look like

the people that bombed Pearl Harbor.

And the hysteria grew and grew

until in February 1942,

the president of the United States,

Franklin Delano Roosevelt,

ordered all Japanese-Americans

on the West Coast of America

to be summarily rounded up

with no charges, with no trial,

with no due process.

Due process, this is a core pillar

of our justice system.

That all disappeared.

We were to be rounded up

and imprisoned in 10 barbed-wire prison camps

in some of the most desolate places in America:

the blistering hot desert of Arizona,

the sultry swamps of Arkansas,

the wastelands of Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Colorado,

and two of the most desolate places in California.

On April 20th, I celebrated my fifth birthday,

and just a few weeks after my birthday,

my parents got my younger brother,

my baby sister and me

up very early one morning,

and they dressed us hurriedly.

My brother and I were in the living room

looking out the front window,

and we saw two soldiers marching up our driveway.

They carried bayonets on their rifles.

They stomped up the front porch

and banged on the door.

My father answered it,

and the soldiers ordered us out of our home.

My father gave my brother and me

small luggages to carry,

and we walked out and stood on the driveway

waiting for our mother to come out,

and when my mother finally came out,

she had our baby sister in one arm,

a huge duffel bag in the other,

and tears were streaming down both her cheeks.

I will never be able to forget that scene.

It is burned into my memory.

We were taken from our home

and loaded on to train cars

with other Japanese-American families.

There were guards stationed

at both ends of each car,

as if we were criminals.

We were taken two thirds of the way across the country,

rocking on that train for four days and three nights,

to the swamps of Arkansas.

I still remember the barbed wire fence

that confined me.

I remember the tall sentry tower

with the machine guns pointed at us.

I remember the searchlight that followed me

when I made the night runs

from my barrack to the latrine.

But to five-year-old me,

I thought it was kind of nice that they'd lit the way

for me to pee.

I was a child,

too young to understand the circumstances

of my being there.

Children are amazingly adaptable.

What would be grotesquely abnormal

became my normality

in the prisoner of war camps.

It became routine for me to line up three times a day

to eat lousy food in a noisy mess hall.

It became normal for me to go with my father

to bathe in a mass shower.

Being in a prison, a barbed-wire prison camp,

became my normality.

When the war ended,

we were released,

and given a one-way ticket

to anywhere in the United States.

My parents decided to go back home

to Los Angeles,

but Los Angeles was not a welcoming place.

We were penniless.

Everything had been taken from us,

and the hostility was intense.

Our first home was on Skid Row

in the lowest part of our city,

living with derelicts, drunkards

and crazy people,

the stench of urine all over,

on the street, in the alley,

in the hallway.

It was a horrible experience,

and for us kids, it was terrorizing.

I remember once

a drunkard came staggering down,

fell down right in front of us,

and threw up.

My baby sister said, "Mama, let's go back home,"

because behind barbed wires

was for us

home.

My parents worked hard

to get back on their feet.

We had lost everything.

They were at the middle of their lives

and starting all over.

They worked their fingers to the bone,

and ultimately they were able

to get the capital together to buy

a three-bedroom home in a nice neighborhood.

And I was a teenager,

and I became very curious

about my childhood imprisonment.

I had read civics books that told me about

the ideals of American democracy.

All men are created equal,

we have an inalienable right

to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,

and I couldn't quite make that fit

with what I knew to be my childhood imprisonment.

I read history books,

and I couldn't find anything about it.

And so I engaged my father after dinner

in long, sometimes heated conversations.

We had many, many conversations like that,

and what I got from them

was my father's wisdom.

He was the one that suffered the most

under those conditions of imprisonment,

and yet he understood American democracy.

He told me that our democracy

is a people's democracy,

and it can be as great as the people can be,

but it is also as fallible as people are.

He told me that American democracy

is vitally dependent on good people

who cherish the ideals of our system

and actively engage in the process

of making our democracy work.

And he took me to a campaign headquarters —

the governor of Illinois was running for the presidency —

and introduced me to American electoral politics.

And he also told me about

young Japanese-Americans

during the Second World War.

When Pearl Harbor was bombed,

young Japanese-Americans, like all young Americans,

rushed to their draft board

to volunteer to fight for our country.

That act of patriotism

was answered with a slap in the face.

We were denied service,

and categorized as enemy non-alien.

It was outrageous to be called an enemy

when you're volunteering to fight for your country,

but that was compounded with the word "non-alien,"

which is a word that means

"citizen" in the negative.

They even took the word "citizen" away from us,

and imprisoned them for a whole year.

And then the government realized

that there's a wartime manpower shortage,

and as suddenly as they'd rounded us up,

they opened up the military for service

by young Japanese-Americans.

It was totally irrational,

but the amazing thing,

the astounding thing,

is that thousands of young

Japanese-American men and women

again went from behind those barbed-wire fences,

put on the same uniform as that of our guards,

leaving their families in imprisonment,

to fight for this country.

They said that they were going to fight

not only to get their families out

from behind those barbed-wire fences,

but because they cherished the very ideal

of what our government stands for,

should stand for,

and that was being abrogated

by what was being done.

All men are created equal.

And they went to fight for this country.

They were put into a segregated

all Japanese-American unit

and sent to the battlefields of Europe,

and they threw themselves into it.

They fought with amazing,

incredible courage and valor.

They were sent out on the most dangerous missions

and they sustained the highest combat casualty rate

of any unit proportionally.

There is one battle that illustrates that.

It was a battle for the Gothic Line.

The Germans were embedded

in this mountain hillside,

rocky hillside,

in impregnable caves,

and three allied battalions

had been pounding away at it

for six months,

and they were stalemated.

The 442nd was called in

to add to the fight,

but the men of the 442nd

came up with a unique

but dangerous idea:

The backside of the mountain

was a sheer rock cliff.

The Germans thought an attack from the backside

would be impossible.

The men of the 442nd decided to do the impossible.

On a dark, moonless night,

they began scaling that rock wall,

a drop of more than 1,000 feet,

in full combat gear.

They climbed all night long

on that sheer cliff.

In the darkness,

some lost their handhold

or their footing

and they fell to their deaths

in the ravine below.

They all fell silently.

Not a single one cried out,

so as not to give their position away.

The men climbed for eight hours straight,

and those who made it to the top

stayed there until the first break of light,

and as soon as light broke,

they attacked.

The Germans were surprised,

and they took the hill

and broke the Gothic Line.

A six-month stalemate

was broken by the 442nd

in 32 minutes.

It was an amazing act,

and when the war ended,

the 442nd returned to the United States