of crime and terrorism,

未來的發展

and frankly, I'm afraid.

坦白說，我蠻害怕的

I'm afraid by what I see.

我看到的將來，讓我很擔心

I sincerely want to believe

我真心希望

that technology can bring us

科技能帶我們到

the techno-utopia that we've been promised,

科技烏托邦的願景

but, you see,

但，這麼說吧

I've spent a career in law enforcement,

我一生都在執法單位

and that's informed my perspective on things.

讓我發展出相關看法

I've been a street police officer,

我做過基層警員

an undercover investigator,

也做過臥底調查員

a counter-terrorism strategist,

參與反恐策略的規劃

and I've worked in more than 70 countries

我曾在70幾個國家做過相關工作

around the world.

遍佈全世界

I've had to see more than my fair share

我見識夠多

of violence and the darker underbelly of society,

暴力，以及陰暗的社會下層

and that's informed my opinions.

我的看法因之成形

My work with criminals and terrorists

和罪犯及恐怖份子交手的經驗

has actually been highly educational.

非常有教育性

They have taught me a lot, and I'd like to be able

我學到許多，在此讓我和大家分享

to share some of these observations with you.

我的部分觀察

Today I'm going to show you the flip side

今天，我要和各位分享，讓我們嘖嘖稱奇的科技

of all those technologies that we marvel at,

也有我們意料不到的另一面

the ones that we love.

一樣是我們喜愛的科技

In the hands of the TED community,

在TED 社區成員手裡

these are awesome tools which will bring about

它們都是很棒的工具

great change for our world,

可以給世界帶來很大改變

but in the hands of suicide bombers,

但在自殺炸彈客手中

the future can look quite different.

卻會讓我們的將來卻完全走樣

I started observing

當我年輕時，還是在街上值勤的基層警員時

technology and how criminals were using it

我就開始觀察罪犯們如何運用科技

as a young patrol officer.

幫助他們犯罪

In those days, this was the height of technology.

那時，這些就是最好的科技產品

Laugh though you will,

當然你會笑

all the drug dealers and gang members

但我碰過的藥頭和幫派份子

with whom I dealt had one of these

卻是人手一機

long before any police officer I knew did.

比所有我認識的警察都要早

Twenty years later, criminals are still using

二十年後，罪犯們

mobile phones, but they're also building

還是用手機，但他們也已經建構了

their own mobile phone networks,

專屬的私人行動電話網路

like this one, which has been deployed

就像各位在此看到的這些

in all 31 states of Mexico by the narcos.

在墨西哥全國31省都有，全由毒梟打造建構

They have a national encrypted

他們的無線通訊系統

radio communications system.

及於全國，所有通訊全部加密

Think about that.

想想

Think about the innovation that went into that.

想想所需的創新科技

Think about the infrastructure to build it.

想想要這需要多龐大基層結構

And then think about this:

然後再想想：

Why can't I get a cell phone signal in San Francisco? (Laughter)

為什麼在我的手機在舊金山還有訊號的死角 （笑聲）

How is this possible? (Laughter) It makes no sense. (Applause)

這怎麼搞的？（笑聲）一點道理都沒有（掌聲）

We consistently underestimate

我們一直都低估

what criminals and terrorists can do.

罪犯和恐怖份子的能力

Technology has made our world

科技讓我們的世界

increasingly open, and for the most part,

越來越開放，大致來說

that's great, but all of this openness

這是好事，但我們的的開放

may have unintended consequences.

也帶來意想不到的後果

Consider the 2008 terrorist attack on Mumbai.

想想２００８年發生於孟買的恐怖攻擊

The men that carried that attack out were armed

恐怖份子配備有

with AK-47s, explosives and hand grenades.

AK47步槍，炸藥，以及手榴彈

They threw these hand grenades

他們把手榴彈

at innocent people as they sat eating in cafes

扔到餐廳吃東西的無辜民眾群中

and waited to catch trains on their way home from work.

扔到等火車回家的乘客們當中

But heavy artillery is nothing new in terrorist operations.

恐怖行動裡用重軍火並不稀奇

Guns and bombs are nothing new.

槍枝和炸彈已屢見不鮮

What was different this time

為什麼這一次不一樣

is the way that the terrorists used

因為恐怖份子使用

modern information communications technologies

現代資訊傳訊科技

to locate additional victims and slaughter them.

幫他們找出更多的受害者，殺害他們

They were armed with mobile phones.

他們都帶了手機

They had BlackBerries.

他們用黑梅機

They had access to satellite imagery.

他們能透過衛星接收照片

They had satellite phones, and they even had night vision goggles.

他們用衛星電話，甚至用夜視鏡

But perhaps their greatest innovation was this.

但他們最厲害的創新是這個：

We've all seen pictures like this

我們都看過這樣的相片

on television and in the news. This is an operations center.

在電視上，新聞報導裡。這是行動中控中心

And the terrorists built their very own op center

恐怖份子也建構自己的中控中心

across the border in Pakistan,

設在邊界的另一端，巴基斯坦

where they monitored the BBC,

在那裡監視ＢＢＣ的新聞

al Jazeera, CNN and Indian local stations.

半島電台，ＣＮＮ，還有印度當地的廣播

They also monitored the Internet and social media

他們也監視網際網路，以及社會媒體

to monitor the progress of their attacks

掌控他們攻擊的進展

and how many people they had killed.

統計他們殺害的人數

They did all of this in real time.

全部都是即時掌控

The innovation of the terrorist operations center

恐怖份子使用行動中控中心這項創新

gave terrorists unparalleled situational awareness

讓他們對事件當場的狀況精準掌握

and tactical advantage over the police

享有遠優於警方，政府的戰術優勢

and over the government.

這前所未見

What did they do with this?

他們怎麼用這些科技呢？

They used it to great effect.

非常有效果。

At one point during the 60-hour siege,

在60小時僵持中，有一度

the terrorists were going room to room

恐怖份子逐房搜索

trying to find additional victims.

要找更多的受害者

They came upon a suite on the top floor

他們到了旅館頂樓的一間套房

of the hotel, and they kicked down the door

破門而入

and they found a man hiding by his bed.

找到一個躲在床邊的男人

And they said to him, "Who are you,

他們問他: "你是誰

and what are you doing here?"

你到這裡做什麼？"

And the man replied,

這人回答，

"I'm just an innocent schoolteacher."

"我只是個無辜的老師"

Of course, the terrorists knew

當然，這些恐怖份子知道

that no Indian schoolteacher stays at a suite in the Taj.

印度的老師不可能住的起Taj的頂樓套房

They picked up his identification,

他們拿他的身份證件

and they phoned his name in to the terrorist war room,

打電話到他們的中控中心通報這男子的名字

where the terrorist war room Googled him,

中控中心的人用Google搜索

and found a picture and called their operatives

找到一張照片，然後回電給

on the ground and said,

在旅館的恐怖份子，問他：

"Your hostage, is he heavyset?

"你抓的人，是不是胖胖的,

Is he bald in front? Does he wear glasses?"

前額微禿？他戴眼鏡嗎？"

"Yes, yes, yes," came the answers.

他回答："是，對，有"

The op center had found him and they had a match.

中控中心知道他是誰了

He was not a schoolteacher.

他不是老師

He was the second-wealthiest businessman in India,

他是印度第二富有的商人

and after discovering this information,

有了這項消息後

the terrorist war room gave the order

中控中心下令

to the terrorists on the ground in Mumbai.

對在孟買現場的恐怖份子下令

("Kill him.")

（"把他殺了")

We all worry about our privacy settings

我們對我們在臉書上

on Facebook,

隱私權設定都非常在意

but the fact of the matter is,

但這裡的問題在

our openness can be used against us.

我們的開放，可以被人拿來對付我們

Terrorists are doing this.

恐怖份子就這麼幹

A search engine can determine

搜索引擎可以決定

who shall live and who shall die.

我們的生死

This is the world that we live in.

這就是我們世界的現實

During the Mumbai siege,

在孟買事件裡

terrorists were so dependent on technology

恐怖份子非常依賴科技

that several witnesses reported that

幾個目擊者描述

as the terrorists were shooting hostages with one hand,

這些恐怖份子一手用槍殺人

they were checking their mobile phone messages

另一手拿著手機

in the very other hand.

檢查收到的訊息

In the end, 300 people were gravely wounded

最後，300人重傷

and over 172 men, women and children

超過172人，男的，女的，小孩

lost their lives that day.

喪失了生命

Think about what happened.

想想

During this 60-hour siege on Mumbai,

在孟買的60個凶險小時

10 men armed not just with weapons,

10個人，配備了不只是武器

but with technology,

還配備了科技

were able to bring a city of 20 million people

能夠把一個2千萬人口的城市

to a standstill.

陷入停滯

Ten people brought 20 million people

10個人，讓2千萬人

to a standstill, and this traveled around the world.

完全停滯，全世界都看到了

This is what radicals can do with openness.

激進份子這般利用我們的開放

This was done nearly four years ago.

這是將近四年前發生的事

What could terrorists do today

今天的恐怖份子

with the technologies available that we have?

又會如何利用最新的科技呢？

What will they do tomorrow?

他們明天會怎麼做？

The ability of one to affect many

一個人能影響許多人

is scaling exponentially,

這種影響能力正以等比級數方式增加

and it's scaling for good and it's scaling for evil.

不管是好事，或是壞事，都一樣

It's not just about terrorism, though.

這也不光只限於恐怖主義

There's also been a big paradigm shift in crime.

犯罪模式也產生變化

You see, you can now commit more crime as well.

犯罪規模也變大了

In the old days, it was a knife and a gun.

過去，我們用刀用槍

Then criminals moved to robbing trains.

然後發展到搶火車

You could rob 200 people on a train, a great innovation.

能一次搶火車上200名乘客，這是一大創新

Moving forward, the Internet

繼續到今日，有了網際網路

allowed things to scale even more.

規模變的更大

In fact, many of you will remember

其實，你們大都記得

the recent Sony PlayStation hack.

最近發生的索尼PlayStation被駭事件

In that incident, over 100 million people were robbed.

超過1億的人被搶了

Think about that.

想想

When in the history of humanity

人類歷史上

has it ever been possible for one person

什麼時候有過這種事

to rob 100 million?

一個人搶1億個人？

Of course, it's not just about stealing things.

當然，也不全只是偷東西

There are other avenues of technology

還有其他科技

that criminals can exploit.

罪犯們可以運用

Many of you will remember this super cute video

你們大都記上次TED大會時

from the last TED,

有段超Q的影片

but not all quadcopter swarms are so nice and cute.

但並非所有四螺旋槳直昇機都這麼和善，這麼可愛

They don't all have drumsticks.

有些配備的可不是打鼓棒

Some can be armed with HD cameras

有些可以配備高解析度（HD）攝影機

and do countersurveillance on protesters,

對抗議的人做反情搜

or, as in this little bit of movie magic,

或者如這段影片顯示的

quadcopters can be loaded with firearms

有些可配備槍械

and automatic weapons.

自動武器

Little robots are cute when they play music to you.

會播放音樂的小機器人很可愛

When they swarm and chase you down the block

但當它們蜂擁而至，追著你在街上跑

to shoot you, a little bit less so.

對你射擊，就不那麼可愛了

Of course, criminals and terrorists weren't the first

當然，罪犯和恐怖主義份子沒有發明在機器人上裝置武器

to give guns to robots. We know where that started.

我們都知道誰是始作俑者

But they're adapting quickly.

但他們學的很快

Recently, the FBI arrested

最近，聯邦調查局（FBI）在美國逮捕了

an al Qaeda affiliate in the United States,

一個凱達組織成員

who was planning on using these remote-controlled

他計畫用這些遙控模型飛機

drone aircraft to fly C4 explosives

裝上C4塑膠炸藥

into government buildings in the United States.

攻擊美國的政府辦公大樓

By the way, these travel at over 600 miles an hour.

對了，這些飛機時速高達每小時600英里

Every time a new technology is being introduced,

每當任何新科技發明了

criminals are there to exploit it.

罪犯就想運用它們

We've all seen 3D printers.

我們都看過3D列印裝置

We know with them that you can print

用這些裝置

in many materials ranging from plastic

配上不同材料，包括塑膠

to chocolate to metal and even concrete.

巧克力，金屬，甚至混凝土

With great precision

只要夠精細

I actually was able to make this

我真的做出了這玩意

just the other day, a very cute little ducky.

幾天前剛做的，非常可愛的小鴨

But I wonder to myself,

但我進一步想

for those people that strap bombs to their chests

對那些把炸彈綁在胸前

and blow themselves up,

把自己炸死的炸彈客

how might they use 3D printers?

他們會怎麼運用這些3D列表機

Perhaps like this.

也許做這玩意

You see, if you can print in metal,

看吧，只要能用金屬原料

you can print one of these,

你就可以印出這個

and in fact

其實

you can also print one of these too.

你也可以印出這個東西

The UK I know has some very strict firearms laws.

英國的槍械管制法很嚴密

You needn't bring the gun into the UK anymore.

你不需要帶枝槍到英國

You just bring the 3D printer

只要帶3D列印機

and print the gun while you're here,

在英國當地印製即可

and, of course, the magazines for your bullets.

當然，也可以印製彈匣

But as these get bigger in the future,

將來，這些裝置越來越大

what other items will you be able to print?

他們可能會印製些什麼？

The technologies are allowing bigger printers.

科技發展讓3D列印機越來越大

As we move forward,

我們還在進步

we'll see new technologies also, like the Internet of Things.

一直會有更新的科技，就像在網路上的發展

Every day we're connecting more and more of our lives

每天都有新東西讓

to the Internet, which means

我們的生活和網際網路連結更緊密

that the Internet of Things will soon be

這也就是說，這些網際網路的發明

the Internet of Things To Be Hacked.

很快也會被「駭」

All of the physical objects in our space

我們生活周遭的具體事物

are being transformed into information technologies,

都被轉化成為資訊科技

and that has a radical implication for our security,

這對我們的安全有非常不同的意涵

because more connections to more devices

因為我們連結的東西越多

means more vulnerabilities.

代表越多的弱點

Criminals understand this.

罪犯們懂

Terrorists understand this. Hackers understand this.

恐怖主義份子懂。駭客也懂

If you control the code, you control the world.

只要控制程式，你就控制世界

This is the future that awaits us.

這是我們的將來

There has not yet been an operating system

任何科技，任何作業系統

or a technology that hasn't been hacked.

沒有不被「駭」過的

That's troubling, since the human body itself

這讓人煩惱，因為人的身體

is now becoming an information technology.

也變成了資訊科技

As we've seen here, we're transforming ourselves into cyborgs.

就像這裡顯示的，我們把自己一步一步變成了生化機器人

Every year, thousands of cochlear implants,

每年都有數以千計的人把內耳助聽器

diabetic pumps, pacemakers

胰島素幫浦，心律調整器

and defibrillators are being implanted in people.

以及心律復甦電擊器，植入身體

In the United States, there are 60,000 people

在美國，有6萬人裝有和網路相連的

who have a pacemaker that connects to the Internet.

心律調整器

The defibrillators allow a physician at a distance

必要時，醫生可以在遠端

to give a shock to a heart

用這些電擊復甦器

in case a patient needs it.

電擊人們的心臟

But if you don't need it,

但假如你不需要電擊

and somebody else gives you the shock,

但有人卻故意電擊你呢？

it's not a good thing.

這可不妙

Of course, we're going to go even deeper than the human body.

當然，我們越來越深入人體

We're going down to the cellular level these days.

最近，我們還進到了人體細胞的層次

Up until this point, all the technologies

一直到現在為止，我討論的

I've been talking about have been silicon-based, ones and zeroes,

都是有關電子科技，0與1

but there's another operating system out there:

但還有另一種作業系統