a lot of smart, well-resourced people -- some of you, no doubt --

have been trying to figure out how to reduce poverty

in the United States.

People have created and invested millions of dollars

into non-profit organizations

with the mission of helping people who are poor.

They've created think tanks

that study issues like education, job creation and asset-building,

and then advocated for policies to support our most marginalized communities.

They've written books and columns and given passionate speeches,

decrying the wealth gap that is leaving more and more people

entrenched at the bottom end of the income scale.

And that effort has helped.

But it's not enough.

Our poverty rates haven't changed that much in the last 50 years,

since the War on Poverty was launched.

I'm here to tell you

that we have overlooked the most powerful and practical resource.

Here it is:

people who are poor.

Up in the left-hand corner is Jobana, Sintia and Bertha.

They met when they all had small children,

through a parenting class at a family resource center

in San Francisco.

As they grew together as parents and friends,

they talked a lot about how hard it was

to make money when your kids are little.

Child care is expensive,

more than they'd earn in a job.

Their husbands worked,

but they wanted to contribute financially, too.

So they hatched a plan.

They started a cleaning business.

They plastered neighborhoods with flyers

and handed business cards out to their families and friends,

and soon, they had clients calling.

Two of them would clean the office or house

and one of them would watch the kids.

They'd rotate who'd cleaned and who'd watch the kids.

(Laughs) It's awesome, right?

(Laughter)

And they split the money three ways.

It was not a full-time gig,

no one could watch the little ones all day.

But it made a difference for their families.

Extra money to pay for bills when a husband's work hours were cut.

Money to buy the kids clothes as they were growing.

A little extra money in their pockets

to make them feel some independence.

Up in the top-right corner is Theresa and her daughter, Brianna.

Brianna is one of those kids

with this sparkly, infectious, outgoing personality.

For example, when Rosie,

a little girl who spoke only Spanish, moved in next door,

Brianna, who spoke only English,

borrowed her mother's tablet and found a translation app

so the two of them could communicate.

(Laughter)

I know, right?

Rosie's family credits Brianna with helping Rosie to learn English.

A few years ago,

Brianna started to struggle academically.

She was growing frustrated and kind of withdrawn

and acting out in class.

And her mother was heartbroken over what was happening.

Then they found out that she was going to have to repeat second grade

and Brianna was devastated.

Her mother felt hopeless and overwhelmed and alone

because she knew that her daughter was not getting the support she needed,

and she did not know how to help her.

One afternoon, Theresa was catching up with a group of friends,

and one of them said,

"Theresa, how are you?"

And she burst into tears.

After she shared her story, one of her friends said,

"I went through the exact same thing with my son about a year ago."

And in that moment,

Theresa realized that so much of her struggle

was not having anybody to talk with about it.

So she created a support group for parents like her.

The first meeting was her and two other people.

But word spread, and soon 20 people, 30 people

were showing up for these monthly meetings that she put together.

She went from feeling helpless

to realizing how capable she was of supporting her daughter,

with the support of other people who were going through the same struggle.

And Brianna is doing fantastic -- she's doing great academically

and socially.

That in the middle is my man Baakir,

standing in front of BlackStar Books and Caffe,

which he runs out of part of his house.

As you walk in the door,

Baakir greets you with a "Welcome black home."

(Laughter)

Once inside, you can order some Algiers jerk chicken,

perhaps a vegan walnut burger,

or jive turkey sammich.

And that's sammich -- not sandwich.

You must finish your meal with a buttermilk drop,

which is several steps above a donut hole

and made from a very secret family recipe.

For real, it's very secret, he won't tell you about it.

But BlackStar is much more than a café.

For the kids in the neighborhood,

it's a place to go after school to get help with homework.

For the grown-ups, it's where they go

to find out what's going on in the neighborhood

and catch up with friends.

It's a performance venue.

It's a home for poets, musicians and artists.

Baakir and his partner Nicole,

with their baby girl strapped to her back,

are there in the mix of it all,

serving up a cup of coffee,

teaching a child how to play Mancala,

or painting a sign for an upcoming community event.

I have worked with and learned from people just like them

for more than 20 years.

I have organized against the prison system,

which impacts poor folks,

especially black, indigenous and Latino folks,

at an alarming rate.

I have worked with young people who manifest hope and promise,

despite being at the effect of racist discipline practices in their schools,

and police violence in their communities.

I have learned from families

who are unleashing their ingenuity and tenacity

to collectively create their own solutions.

And they're not just focused on money.

They're addressing education, housing, health, community --

the things that we all care about.

Everywhere I go,

I see people who are broke but not broken.

I see people who are struggling to realize their good ideas,

so that they can create a better life for themselves,

their families, their communities.

Jobana, Sintia, Bertha, Theresa and Baakir are the rule,

not the shiny exception.

I am the exception.

I was raised by a quietly fierce single mother in Rochester, New York.

I was bussed to a school in the suburbs, from a neighborhood

that many of my classmates and their parents considered dangerous.

At eight, I was a latchkey kid.

I'd get myself home after school every day and do homework and chores,

and wait for my mother to come home.

After school, I'd go to the corner store

and buy a can of Chef Boyardee ravioli,

which I'd heat up on the stove as my afternoon snack.

If I had a little extra money, I'd buy a Hostess Fruit Pie.

(Laughter)

Cherry.

Not as good as a buttermilk drop.

(Laughter)

We were poor when I was a kid.

But now, I own a home in a quickly gentrifying neighborhood

in Oakland, California.

I've built a career.

My husband is a business owner.

I have a retirement account.

My daughter is not even allowed to turn on the stove

unless there's a grown-up at home

and she doesn't have to,

because she does not have to have the same kind of self-reliance

that I had to at her age.

My kids' raviolis are organic

and full of things like spinach and ricotta,

because I have the luxury of choice

when it comes to what my children eat.

I am the exception,

not because I'm more talented than Baakir

or my mother worked any harder than Jobana, Sintia or Bertha,

or cared any more than Theresa.

Marginalized communities are full of smart, talented people,

hustling and working and innovating,

just like our most revered and most rewarded CEOs.

They are full of people tapping into their resilience

to get up every day, get the kids off to school

and go to jobs that don't pay enough,

or get educations that are putting them in debt.

They are full of people applying their savvy intelligence

to stretch a minimum wage paycheck,

or balance a job and a side hustle to make ends meet.

They are full of people doing for themselves and for others,

whether it's picking up medication for an elderly neighbor,

or letting a sibling borrow some money to pay the phone bill,

or just watching out for the neighborhood kids

from the front stoop.

I am the exception because of luck and privilege,

not hard work.

And I'm not being modest or self-deprecating --

I am amazing.

(Laughter)

But most people work hard.

Hard work is the common denominator in this equation,

and I'm tired of the story we tell

that hard work leads to success,

because that allows --

Thank you.

(Applause)

... because that story allows those of us who make it to believe we deserve it,

and by implication,

those who don't make it don't deserve it.

We tell ourselves, in the back of our minds,

and sometimes in the front of our mouths,

"There must be something a little wrong with those poor people."

We have a wide range of beliefs

about what that something wrong is.

Some people tell the story that poor folks are lazy freeloaders

who would cheat and lie to get out of an honest day's work.

Others prefer the story that poor people are helpless

and probably had neglectful parents that didn't read to them enough,

and if they were just told what to do

and shown the right path,

they could make it.

For every story I hear demonizing low-income single mothers

or absentee fathers,

which is how people might think of my parents,

I've got 50 that tell a different story about the same people,

showing up every day and doing their best.

I'm not saying that some of the negative stories aren't true,

but those stories allow us to not really see who people really are,

because they don't paint a full picture.

The quarter-truths and limited plot lines have us convinced

that poor people are a problem that needs fixing.

What if we recognized that what's working is the people

and what's broken is our approach?

What if we realized that the experts we are looking for,

the experts we need to follow,

are poor people themselves?

What if, instead of imposing solutions,

we just added fire

to the already-burning flame that they have?

Not directing --

not even empowering --

but just fueling their initiative.

Just north of here,

we have an example of what this could look like:

Silicon Valley.

A whole venture capital industry has grown up around the belief

that if people have good ideas and the desire to manifest them,

we should give them lots and lots and lots of money.

(Laughter)

Right? But where is our strategy for Theresa and Baakir?

There are no incubators for them,

no accelerators, no fellowships.

How are Jobana, Sintia and Bertha really all that different

from the Mark Zuckerbergs of the world?

Baakir has experience and a track record.