of a place that I now call home.

我現在把它叫做「家」來的故事。

It's a story of public education

這是一個公立教育

and of rural communities

與偏遠地區

and of what design might do to improve both.

和如何以設計改變兩者的故事

So this is Bertie County,

這是伯地郡

North Carolina, USA.

位於美國北卡羅納州

To give you an idea of the "where:"

讓我給你們一點大概的地理位置

So here's North Carolina, and if we zoom in,

這裡是北卡羅納州,把地圖放大一點看

Bertie County is in the eastern part of the state.

伯地郡就位在北卡的東部地區

It's about two hours east

大概是從里海往東

driving-time from Raleigh.

兩個小時的車程

And it's very flat. It's very swampy.

是地形平坦的沼澤地

It's mostly farmland.

大部分都用作農田

The entire county

整個郡

is home to just 20,000 people, and they're very sparsely distributed.

總人口只有20,000人,而且分布的很零散.

So there's only 27 people per square mile,

每平方英里只有27人

which comes down to about 10 people

如果以每平方公里來算

per square kilometer.

相當於10個人

Bertie County is kind of a prime example

伯地郡是很典型

in the demise of rural America.

美國沒落鄉村

We've seen this story all over the country

這樣的故事不只發生在美國境內

and even in places beyond the American borders.

甚至在其他國家都可以看到

We know the symptoms.

我們都知道它發生時的徵狀

It's the hollowing out of small towns.

就是小鎮的空洞化

It's downtowns becoming ghost towns.

市區人煙稀少

The brain drain --

人才流失

where all of the most educated and qualified leave and never come back.

大部分有學歷和有能力的人離開後就再也沒回來了

It's the dependence on farm subsidies

這些偏遠地區只能依靠農田的補助金

and under-performing schools

、表現不佳的學校

and higher poverty rates in rural areas

和比起市區更高比例

than in urban.

的低收入戶

And Bertie County is no exception to this.

伯地郡當然也不例外

Perhaps the biggest thing it struggles with,

或許所面臨最大的問題

like many communities similar to it,

就像其他社區一樣

is that there's no

沒有

shared, collective investment

對偏遠社區未來

in the future of rural communities.

共同集體的投資

Only 6.8 percent of all our philanthropic giving in the U.S. right now

目前美國境內只有6.8%的慈善捐款

benefits rural communities,

是針對偏遠社區

and yet 20 percent of our population lives there.

但居住在這些地區人口卻高達20%

So Bertie County is not only very rural; it's incredibly poor.

所以伯地郡不但很偏遠而且是難以置信的貧窮

It is the poorest county in the state.

它是全美最貧窮的郡

It has one in three of its children living in poverty,

3分之1的兒童來自低收入戶家庭

and it's what is referred to as a "rural ghetto."

所以這裡被稱作鄉村貧民窟

The economy is mostly agricultural.

農業是主要的經濟來源

The biggest crops are cotton and tobacco,

棉花及菸草是最大宗農作物

and we're very proud of our Bertie County peanut.

而且我們也很以伯地郡的花生為傲

The biggest employer is the Purdue chicken processing plant.

普度雞肉加工廠是當地最大的雇主

The county seat is Windsor.

溫莎鎮是伯地郡的活動中心

This is like Times Square of Windsor that you're looking at right now.

你們現在看到的就像是溫莎鎮的時代廣場

It's home to only 2,000 people,

不過居住在這裡的人只有2,000個

and like a lot of other small towns

就像很多其他的小鎮

it has been hollowed out over the years.

多年來已經漸漸的空洞化

There are more buildings that are empty or in disrepair

空屋或荒廢的建築物

than occupied and in use.

比有人住或使用中的建築物多得多

You can count the number of restaurants in the county

你一隻手就可以數完整個郡的

on one hand --

餐廳

Bunn's Barbecue being my absolute favorite.

Bunn's燒烤是我的最愛

But in the whole county there is no coffee shop,

可是整個郡卻連1家咖啡廳都沒有

there's no Internet cafe,

沒有網咖

there's no movie theater, there's no bookstore.

沒有電影院,沒有書局

There isn't even a Walmart.

甚至沒有Walmart

Racially, the county

以人口分布來說,這個郡

is about 60 percent African-American,

有大約60%的非裔美國人

but what happens in the public schools

但是在公立學校裡

is most of the privileged white kids

大部分有優勢的白人小孩

go to the private Lawrence Academy.

都會到私立的羅倫斯中學就讀

So the public school students

公立學校裡

are about 86 percent African-American.

86%的學生是非裔美國人

And this is a spread from the local newspaper of the recent graduating class,

這是當地報紙刊登最近即將畢業學生的照片

and you can see the difference is pretty stark.

所以你可以發現這個差異是非常大的

So to say that the public education system

如果說伯地郡的公立教育系統

in Bertie County is struggling

正在苟言殘喘

would be a huge understatement.

其實都還無法形容它的窘境

There's basically no pool

他們根本找不到

of qualified teachers to pull from,

符合資格的老師

and only eight percent of the people in the county

全郡只有8%的人

have a bachelor's degree or higher.

擁有學士或更高的學位

So there isn't a big legacy

所以沒有甚麼值得驕傲的教育遺產

in the pride of education.

遺留下來

In fact, two years ago,

事實上,兩年前

only 27 percent of all the third- through eighth-graders

所有三年級到八年級學生中只有27%的學生

were passing the state standard

通過北卡州

in both English and math.

英文和數學的標準

So it sounds like I'm painting a really bleak picture of this place,

聽起來我只是在說這個地方有多糟糕

but I promise there is good news.

不過我保證也有好的一面

The biggest asset, in my opinion,

我覺得現在伯地郡最大的資產

one of the biggest assets in Bertie County right now is this man:

就是這個人

This is Dr. Chip Zullinger,

這是Chip Zullinger博士

fondly known as Dr. Z.

大家喜歡叫他Z博士

He was brought in in October 2007

他是2007年10月被邀請來伯地郡

as the new superintendent

擔任新的督導

to basically fix this broken school system.

基本上就是來補救這個殘破的教育系統

And he previously was a superintendent

他之前在南卡羅納州查爾斯頓市

in Charleston, South Carolina

擔任過督導

and then in Denver, Colorado.

另外在美國80年代晚期

He started some of the country's first charter schools

他在科羅拉多州丹佛市

in the late '80s in the U.S.

首創全國第一家特許學校

And he is an absolute renegade and a visionary,

他是絕對反傳統而且有遠見的

and he is the reason that I now live and work there.

他是我決定搬到那並在那工作的原因

So in February of 2009,

2009年2月

Dr. Zullinger invited us, Project H Design --

Zullinger 博士邀請我們H設計計畫

which is a non-profit design firm that I founded --

H設計計畫是一家我為了伯地郡而創立的非營利設計公司

to come to Bertie and to partner with him

我們到那與他一起

on the repair of this school district

修復學區

and to bring a design perspective to the repair of the school district.

並合作將設計的概念融入學區的修復

And he invited us in particular

他特別邀請我們來

because we have a very specific

因為我們對設計的程序

type of design process --

有非常明確的想法

one that results in appropriate design solutions

讓適切的解決方法

in places that don't usually have access

在這些通常無法獲得

to design services or creative capital.

設計服務或是有創造力資本的地方得以實現

Specifically, we use these six design directives,

特別的是,我們使用六個設計指令

probably the most important being number two:

最重要的應該是第二點

we design with, not for --

一起設計而不是為誰設計

in that, when we're doing humanitarian-focused design,

因為這樣,所以當我們在做以人道主義為主的設計時

it's not about designing for clients anymore.

不再是為客戶設計

It's about designing with people,

而是與大家一起設計

and letting appropriate solutions emerge from within.

讓最好的解決方法由內部產生

So at the time of being invited down there,

當我們被邀請到那裏時

we were based in San Francisco,

我們公司還在舊金山

and so we were going back and forth

幾乎2009年一整年

for basically the rest of 2009,

我們就這樣兩地往返

spending about half our time in Bertie County.

我們花了大約一半的時間在伯地郡

And when I say we, I mean Project H,

當我說我們的時候,我指的是H計畫

but more specifically, I mean myself and my partner, Matthew Miller,

更精確的說,就是我跟我的合夥人,馬修米勒

who's an architect and a sort of MacGyver-type builder.

他是個建築師,有點像馬蓋先那種類型的

So fast-forward to today, and we now live there.

快轉到今天,現在我們已經搬到那住了

I have strategically cut Matt's head out of this photo,

我很技巧性的將照片裡馬修的頭砍掉

because he would kill me if he knew I was using it

如果他知道我用這張照片他肯定會殺了我

because of the sweatsuits.

因為這件運動衫

But this is our front porch. We live there.

這是我們的前庭,我們就住在那

We now call this place home.

我們稱這裡"家"

Over the course of this year that we spent flying back and forth,

經過今年飛來飛去後

we realized we had fallen in love with the place.

我們體會到我們已經愛上這個地方了

We had fallen in love with the place and the people

我們愛上的不只是這個地方,還有這裡的人

and the work that we're able to do

我們可以做的工作

in a rural place like Bertie County,

是在像伯地郡這樣的偏遠地區

that, as designers and builders,

然而,作為一個設計師及建築師

you can't do everywhere.

不是每個地方

There's space to experiment

都有空間讓你去實驗

and to weld and to test things.

修補或測試

We have an amazing advocate in Dr. Zullinger.

Zullinger博士對我們是全力的擁護

There's a nobility of real, hands-on,

親手作這苦活

dirt-under-your-fingernails work.

是非常有成就感的

But beyond our personal reasons for wanting to be there,

但除了我們個人原因想待在那裏外

there is a huge need.

那裏確實有強烈的需求

There is a total vacuum of creative capital in Bertie County.

伯地郡中完全沒有具有創造力的資本可言

There isn't a single licensed architect in the whole county.

整個郡上沒有一個有執照的建築師

And so we saw an opportunity

所以我們抓到這個機會

to bring design as this untouched tool,

引進這個未經雕琢的設計工具

something that Bertie County didn't otherwise have,

這是伯地郡之前完全不可能擁有的

and to be sort of the -- to usher that in

現在就像是工具箱裡新的工具

as a new type of tool in their tool kit.

被介紹給大家認識

The initial goal became using design

因此我們最初的目標就是與Zullinger博士合作

within the public education system in partnership with Dr. Zullinger --

將設計運用在公立教育系統

that was why we were there.

這也是我們之所以在那的原因

But beyond that, we recognized

但除了這個原因之外,我們了解到

that Bertie County, as a community,

伯地郡是個

was in dire need of a fresh perspective

急需新願景的社區

of pride and connectedness

一個值得驕傲,有向心力

and of the creative capital

有創造力資本的社區

that they were so much lacking.

而這些都是他們過去所缺少的

So the goal became, yes, to apply design within education,

就這樣,我們將設計運用在教育裡作為目標

but then to figure out how to make education

然後再想出如何讓教育

a great vehicle for community development.

成為社區發展的火車頭

So in order to do this, we've taken three different approaches

所以為了達成這個目標,我們用了三種不同的步驟

to the intersection of design and education.

來連結設計與教育

And I should say that these are three things that we've done in Bertie County,

我應該說我們在伯地郡做了三件事

but I feel pretty confident that they could work

而且我很有信心這個計畫

in a lot of other rural communities

可以成功落實在美國其他偏遠社區

around the U.S. and maybe even beyond.

甚至是美國以外的地方

So the first of the three is design for education.

這三件事中的第一件事是為教育設計

This is the most kind of direct, obvious

連結這兩件事

intersection of the two things.

是最直接最顯著的作法

It's the physical construction

這個實際的建築物

of improved spaces and materials and experiences

讓老師及學生

for teachers and students.

對改善空間及材料的使用有更多經驗

This is in response to the awful mobile trailers

這是用來取代現今移動式拖車

and the outdated textbooks

老舊教科書

and the terrible materials that we're building schools out of these days.

和學校糟糕的建築材料

And so this played out for us in a couple different ways.

這個計畫展現在很多不同的地方

The first was a series of renovations of computer labs.

首先是一連串電算中心的整修

So traditionally, the computer labs,

傳統上,對於學校的電算中心

particularly in an under-performing school like Bertie County,

尤其是像伯地郡這樣表現不佳的鄉鎮

where they have to benchmark test every other week,

每隔一個星期會進行標竿測試

the computer lab is a kill-and-drill

這樣的電算中心是很表面而達不成學習效果

testing facility.

的測驗場所

You come in, you face the wall, you take your test and you leave.

你走進來,面對牆,做完測驗然後離開

So we wanted to change the way that students approach technology,

我們想作的是改變學生接觸科技的方式

to create a more convivial and social space

去創造一個更有趣且大家更願意來的地方

that was more engaging, more accessible,

讓它變得更吸引人,更容易接近

and also to increase the ability for teachers

同時也可以增加老師使用

to use these spaces for technology-based instruction.

這些地方作為科技基礎教學的機會

So this is the lab at the high school,

這是中學裡的電算中心

and the principal there is in love with this room.

那裏的校長愛死這間教室了

Every time he has visitors, it's the first place that he takes them.

每次他有訪客,這裡都是第一個被參觀的地方

And this also meant the co-creation with some teachers

這也是跟一些其他老師

of this educational playground system

共同創作的結果

called the learning landscape.

他們是教學遊樂區的老師,並使用一個叫做學習景觀的方法

It allows elementary-level students to learn core subjects

它讓初級程度的學生透過遊戲

through game play and activity

學習到事物的核心

and running around and screaming and being a kid.

但還是可以像個小孩一樣跑來跑去大聲喊叫

So this game that the kids are playing here --

小朋友正在這裡玩配配看的遊戲

in this case they were learning basic multiplication

並同時透過這個遊戲

through a game called Match Me.

學習基礎乘法

And in Match Me, you take the class, divide it into two teams,

配配看遊戲呢,是將班級分成兩個小組

one team on each side of the playground,

分別在遊戲區兩邊

and the teacher will take a piece of chalk

然後老師拿粉筆

and just write a number on each of the tires.

在每個輪胎上寫下一個數字

And then she'll call out a math problem --

再來她會唸出數學題目

so let's say four times four --

譬如4乘4

and then one student from each team has to compete

每個組選出1個學生出來比賽

to figure out that four times four is 16

並計算出4乘4等於16

and find the tire with the 16 on it and sit on it.

而且要找出有寫有16的輪胎並且坐在上面

So the goal is to have all of your teammates sitting on the tires

隊員最先完成坐在輪胎上的隊伍

and then your team wins.

就是贏家

And the impact of the learning landscape

這個學習景觀方法所帶來的成效

has been pretty surprising and amazing.

出乎我們的意料之外

Some of the classes and teachers have reported higher test scores,

一些班級獲得到更好的成績

a greater comfort level with the material,

而且對教材有更好的掌握

especially with the boys,

尤其是男孩子

that in going outside and playing,

喜歡到戶外玩耍

they aren't afraid to take on

他們不會害怕

a double-digit multiplication problem --

作兩位數的乘法

and also that the teachers are able

而且老師也可以

to use these as assessment tools

把這些器材當作評分的工具

to better gauge how their students

藉以更精準評估學生

are understanding new material.

是否理解新的教材

So with design for education, I think the most important thing

在這個為教育設計的步驟裡,我認為是最重要的是

is to have a shared ownership of the solutions with the teachers,

可以和老師共享解決方案

so that they have the incentive and the desire to use them.

所以他們才會有動機和慾望去使用它

So this is Mr. Perry. He's the assistant superintendent.

這是Perry先生,他是副督導

He came out for one of our teacher-training days

有一天他來參觀我們的教學培訓課程

and won like five rounds of Match Me in a row and was very proud of himself.

贏了大概五次的配配看遊戲,對此他可是非常的自豪

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

So the second approach is redesigning education itself.

接下來,第二個步驟是重新設計教育本身

This is the most complex.

這是最複雜的部分

It's a systems-level look

從系統的層級來看

at how education is administered

教育的落實