to work with many of the great

能和許多很棒的

international architects,

國際建築師合作，

documenting their work and observing

記錄他們的作品，並且觀察

how their designs have the capacity

他們的設計是如何能

to influence the cities in which they sit.

影響他們所在的城市。

I think of new cities like Dubai

我思考一些像是杜拜的新城市，

or ancient cities like Rome

或是像羅馬的古老城市，

with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum,

那裡有札哈．哈蒂設計 另人驚豔的 21 世紀美術館，

or like right here in New York with the High Line,

又或者像是在此地紐約的空中花園，

a city which has been so much influenced

受到這些設計開發影響

by the development of this.

十分深遠的城市。

But what I find really fascinating

但是我發現真正吸引我的是

is what happens when architects and planners leave

在建築師和規劃師離開之後發生的事。

and these places become appropriated by people,

這些地方被人們重新定義，

like here in Chandigarh, India,

像是印度的昌迪加爾，

the city which has been completely designed

這座完全由

by the architect Le Corbusier.

建築師柯比意所設計的城市。

Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over

60 年後的現在，這座城市已由

by people in very different ways

人民接手，運用的方式迥異於

from whatever perhaps intended for,

它原來建造的本意。

like here, where you have the people

就像這裡，你可以看見

sitting in the windows of the assembly hall.

人們坐在聚會堂的窗洞中。

But over the course of several years,

在這幾年之間，

I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's

我記錄了由雷姆．庫哈斯設計

CCTV building in Beijing

位在北京的中央電視台總部大樓，

and the olympic stadium in the same city

以及在同一個城市的國家體育場，

by the architects Herzog and de Meuron.

出自建築師赫爾佐格和德梅隆。

At these large-scale construction sites in China,

這些在中國的大型建築物周圍，

you see a sort of makeshift camp

你可以看到一種臨時帳篷，

where workers live during the entire building process.

在整個建造期間，工人們都住在這裡。

As the length of the construction takes years,

因為工程長達數年，

workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready

工人們後來形成了一個簡陋、將就的

informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition

非正規城市，和他們正在

against the sophisticated structures that they're building.

建造的精緻建築形成強烈對比。

Over the past seven years, I've been following

在過去七年間，我一直追隨著

my fascination with the built environment,

自己對建築環境的迷戀，

and for those of you who know me, you would say

在座認識我的人會說

that this obsession has led me to live

這種迷戀讓我

out of a suitcase 365 days a year.

甘於過著一年 365 天 提著行李箱的奔波生活。

Being constantly on the move

不斷地移動

means that sometimes I am able

意謂著有時候我會

to catch life's most unpredictable moments,

巧遇人生中最難以預料的一些時刻，

like here in New York

就像是桑迪颶風

the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.

侵襲紐約的隔天。

Just over three years ago,

我在三年前

I was for the first time in Caracas, Venezuela,

第一次到委內瑞拉的卡拉卡斯，

and while flying over the city, I was just amazed

在飛越這個城市的途中，

by the extent to which the slums

見到貧民窟遍及整座城市的

reach into every corner of the city,

每個角落，讓我十分驚訝，

a place where nearly 70 percent of the population

這個地方有將近 70% 的人口

lives in slums,

住在貧民窟裡，

draped literally all over the mountains.

幾乎是布滿了整個山頭。

During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank,

在一場與當地建築師團隊 城市智庫的對話中，

I learned about the Torre David,

我聽到有關「托雷大衛高樓」的故事，

a 45-story office building which sits

那是一棟 45 層樓的辦公大樓，座落在

right in the center of Caracas.

卡拉卡斯的中心。

The building was under construction

這棟建築的工程

until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy

進行到 90 年代初期，

and the death of the developer in the early '90s.

直到委內瑞拉經濟崩盤， 開發商過世而中止了。

About eight years ago, people started moving

大約八年前，人們開始搬進

into the abandoned tower

這棟廢棄的高樓，

and began to build their homes right in between

著手構築自己的家，就在

every column of this unfinished tower.

這棟未完成高樓之間的 每個小窗格裡。

There's only one little entrance to the entire building,

整棟大樓只有一個很小的入口，

and the 3,000 residents come in and out

多達三千名居民進出

through that single door.

全靠這扇唯一的門。

Together, the inhabitants created public spaces

同樣的，住戶建立了公共空間，

and designed them to feel more like a home

把它構築得更像一個家，

and less like an unfinished tower.

而不是一座未完成的高塔。

In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees.

他們在大廳漆了牆、種了樹，

They also made a basketball court.

還設了一個籃球場。

But when you look up closely,

但是當你靠近些看，

you see massive holes where elevators

你會看見一些很大的洞，

and services would have run through.

那是原本預留來配裝電梯 和公共設施的位置。

Within the tower, people have come up

人們在高樓裡

with all sorts of solutions

提供各式各樣的服務，

in response to the various needs

只要是生活在這棟未完成的大樓裡

which arise from living in an unfinished tower.

會碰到的各種需求都能滿足。

With no elevators,

由於沒有電梯，

the tower is like a 45-story walkup.

這棟高樓就像是 45 層樓的無電梯公寓。

Designed in very specific ways

由這群完全沒有學過

by this group of people

建築或設計的人們

who haven't had any education in architecture or design.

採用很特別的方式設計完成的。

And with each inhabitant finding their own

每一位居民都找到自己

unique way of coming by,

獨特的打造方式，

this tower becomes like a living city,

這棟高樓變成一座生氣蓬勃的城市，

a place which is alive with micro-economies

一個有活躍微型經濟

and small businesses.

和小生意的地方。

The inventive inhabitants, for instance,

舉例來說，有創意的居民

find opportunities in the most unexpected cases,

在最意想不到的地方找到機會，

like the adjacent parking garage,

像是將停車場

which has been reclaimed as a taxi route

改造成計乘車的行經路線，

to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps

把居民載上爬坡，

in order to shorten the hike

如此一來就能縮短

up to the apartments.

爬上樓的距離。

A walk through the tower

在高樓中繞一會兒，

reveals how residents have figured out

就能發現居民找到

how to create walls, how to make an air flow,

如何在高樓中搭蓋圍牆、讓空氣流通、

how to create transparency,

以及採光

circulation throughout the tower,

和空氣循環的方式，

essentially creating a home

基本上就是完全順應

that's completely adapted

居住環境

to the conditions of the site.

來打造一個家。

When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,

當一位新居民搬進高樓，

they already have a roof over their head,

他們的頭上已有屋頂，

so they just typically mark their space

因此他們只需要

with a few curtains or sheets.

放上簾子和床單來標示自己的家。

Slowly, from found materials, walls rise,

慢慢地，透過尋找材料、築起牆，

and people create a space out of any found objects

人們用各種找得到的東西或材料

or materials.

來打造一個空間。

It's remarkable to see the design decisions

他們的設計選擇

that they're making,

總讓我大為驚奇，

like when everything is made out of red bricks,

像是當每樣東西都用紅磚做成的時候，

some residents will cover that red brick

有些居民會在紅磚上

with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper

貼上另一層磚塊圖案的壁紙，

just to make it a kind of clean finish.

讓它看起來像是剛完工的新穎模樣。

The inhabitants literally built up these homes

基本上居民用雙手打造自己的家，

with their own hands, and this labor of love

這種因為喜愛而做的舉動

instills a great sense of pride

為這棟高樓裡的許多家庭注入

in many families living in this tower.

一種高貴的尊嚴。

They typically make the best out of their conditions,

他們充分利用自己的環境，

and try to make their spaces look nice and homey,

試著讓空間看起來舒適、像個家，

or at least up until as far as they can reach.

至少盡全力做到最好。

Throughout the tower, you come across

你可以在整棟高樓中找到

all kinds of services, like the barber,

各種服務，像是理髮廳、

small factories, and every floor has

小工廠，而且每層樓都有

a little grocery store or shop.

一家小雜貨店。

And you even find a church.

甚至連教堂都找得到。

And on the 30th floor, there is a gym

在 30 樓還有一家健身房，

where all the weights and barbells

各種舉重槓鈴、啞鈴

are made out of the leftover pulleys

都是用那些原本要拿來

from the elevators which were never installed.

裝電梯的廢棄滑輪做成的。

From the outside, behind this always-changing facade,

從外頭看，在這不斷變化的外觀後面，

you see how the fixed concrete beams

你會發現這些固定的水泥柱

provide a framework for the inhabitants

提供居民

to create their homes

打造自宅的架構，

in an organic, intuitive way

用一種自然發展的方式

that responds directly to their needs.

直接回應他們的需求。

Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria,

現在我們來到非洲奈及利亞境內

to a community called Makoko,

一個名叫馬可可的社區，

a slum where 150,000 people

這裡有 15 萬人住在貧民窟，

live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon.

往下走幾尺就是拉各斯潟湖。

While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place,

這裡可能會變成一個非常雜亂的地方，

when you see it from above, there seems to be

當你從上面看，就像是

a whole grid of waterways and canals

一整面水道和運河組成的格子

connecting each and every home.

連結每一戶人家。

From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes

人們從主要的碼頭搭乘長型獨木舟

which carry them out to their various homes and shops

前往在這片廣闊水域中

located in the expansive area.

形形色色的住宅和商店。

When out on the water, it's clear

離開水面後，顯而易見的是

that life has been completely adapted

人們已經完全適應

to this very specific way of living.

這種特別的生活方式。

Even the canoes become variety stores

甚至連獨木舟都變成 各式各樣不同的商店，

where ladies paddle from house to house,

婦女划著漿挨家挨戶

selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits.

販賣牙膏、水果等各種東西。

Behind every window and door frame,

在每扇門窗後，

you'll see a small child peering back at you,

你會看見小孩窺探著你。

and while Makoko seems to be packed with people,

馬可可看起來到處都是人，

what's more shocking is actually

最讓人驚訝的莫過於

the amount of children pouring out of every building.

每戶人家不斷增加的孩童數量。

The population growth in Nigeria,

奈及利亞的人口成長，

and especially in these areas like Makoko,

尤其是在像馬可可的這些地方

are painful reminders

都痛苦地提醒著人們

of how out of control things really are.

事情失控得多麼嚴重。

In Makoko, very few systems

馬可可裡的民生設施和

and infrastructures exist.

公共建設非常少。

Electricity is rigged and freshest water

電力配線草率，整個區域

comes from self-built wells throughout the area.

最乾淨的水源是自己挖的井水。

This entire economic model

這整個經濟模式

is designed to meet a specific way of living

設計成能夠滿足居住在 水上的特殊生活方式，

on the water, so fishing and boat-making

因此釣魚和製作船支

are common professions.

成了最普遍的職業。

You'll have a set of entrepreneurs

這裡有一群生意人

who have set up businesses throughout the area,

促進了整個區域商業活動，

like barbershops, CD and DVD stores,

像是理髮業、CD 和 DVD 唱片行、

movie theaters, tailors, everything is there.

電影院、裁縫店，什麼東西都有。

There is even a photo studio

甚至還有攝影工作室，

where you see the sort of aspiration

你可以看到一種

to live in a real house or to be associated

住在真正房子的渴望，或是期盼

with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.

和遠方有聯結，像是在瑞典的旅館。

On this particular evening,

在這特別的午後，

I came across this live band

我巧遇這組樂團，

dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.

團員們穿著同樣的 T 恤團服。

They were floating through the canals

他們坐在配有發電機的獨木舟上

in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator

漂過河道，

for all of the community to enjoy.

帶給整個社區歡樂。

By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black,

夜幕低垂，整個區域幾乎是一片漆黑，

save for a small lightbulb

家戶只留下一盞小燈

or a fire.

或爐火。

What originally brought me to Makoko

原本讓我到馬可可的原因

was this project from a friend of mine,

是因為朋友介紹的這個計畫，

Kunlé Adeyemi, who recently finished building

昆勒．阿德耶米最近完成

this three-story floating school

這個三層樓高的漂浮學校

for the kids in Makoko.

給馬可可的小朋友使用。

With this entire village existing on the water,

這整個村莊都在水上，

public space is very limited,

公共空間十分有限，

so now that the school is finished,

因此當學校完工後，

the ground floor is a playground for the kids,

一樓就成了小朋友的遊樂區，

but when classes are out, the platform

但是下課後，平臺

is just like a town square,

成了村民廣場，

where the fishermen mend their nets

漁人在這裡修補魚網，

and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.

漂浮商人在這兒停靠小船。

Another place I'd like to share with you

另一個我想分享的地方

is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.

是在開羅的札巴林。

They're descendants of farmers who began migrating

他們是 40 年代開始從上埃及

from the upper Egypt in the '40s,

遷移來此的農民後代，

and today they make their living

現今他們維生的方式是

by collecting and recycling waste from homes

回收整個開羅的

from all over Cairo.

家庭垃圾。

For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages

幾年來，札巴林會住在 臨時搭建的村子裡，

where they would move around

他們為了

trying to avoid the local authorities,

避開地方政府四處搬遷，

but in the early 1980s, they settled

但是在 80 年代初期，他們定居

on the Mokattam rocks

在莫卡頓山區，

just at the eastern edge of the city.

位在城市的東緣。

Today, they live in this area,

現在他們住在這個地區，

approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people,

大約有五到七萬人

who live in this community of self-built

居住在這個社區中自己搭建、

multi-story houses

樓數不一的房子裡，

where up to three generations live in one structure.

有多達三代以上的家庭 住在同一棟房子裡。

While these apartments that they built for themselves

僅管這些他們為自己蓋的公寓

appear to lack any planning or formal grid,

看起來沒有任何設計或正規的格局，

each family specializing in a certain form of recycling

每戶人家都專門從事 某一種特定的回收，

means that the ground floor of each apartment

意謂著每棟房子的一樓

is reserved for garbage-related activities

都保留來做為處理與垃圾有關的工作，

and the upper floor is dedicated to living space.

而上面的樓層則做為居住空間。

I find it incredible to see

我覺得很不可思議的是看到

how these piles and piles of garbage

這些堆積如山的垃圾

are invisible to the people who live there,

當地人似乎都視而不見，

like this very distinguished man who is posing

像這位高雅的先生就在

while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him,

像要湧向他的垃圾堆前 擺出拍照的姿勢；

or like these two young men who are sitting

又或是像這兩個年輕人坐在

and chatting amongst these tons of garbage.

好幾噸的垃圾間聊天。

While to most of us, living amongst

然而對大部分的我們來說，住在

these piles and piles of garbage

這堆積如山的垃圾間

may seem totally uninhabitable,

幾乎是不可能的事，

to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just

而對這些札巴林人而言，這只是

a different type of normal.

另一種正常的生活方式。

In all these places I've talked about today,

今天我分享的這些地方

what I do find fascinating is that there's really

深深吸引我的原因在於

no such thing as normal,

其實沒有什麼事情是特別的，

and it proves that people are able to adapt

這也證明了人們能夠適應

to any kind of situation.

任何不同的環境。

Throughout the day, it's quite common

一天下來，

to come across a small party taking place

要在街上碰到一場小派對 是很稀鬆平常的事，

in the streets, just like this engagement party.

就像是這場訂婚派對。

In this tradition, the bride-to-be

這裡的傳統是待嫁新娘

displays all of their belongings,

要公眾展示所有的嫁妝，

which they soon bring to their new husband.

過不久他們就會 把這些東西帶到夫家去。

A gathering like this one

像這樣的聚會

offers such a juxtaposition

提供了強烈的對比，

where all the new stuff is displayed