They made enemies face to face

她們讓敵人直接面對死亡

Endure tragedies and enjoy victories

忍受悲劇和享受勝利

They went down in history due to the bravery crews

她們因為船員的英勇行為而被載入史書

They are the ships that deserve to be called

她們值得被稱為

NAVAL LEGEND

「海上傳奇」

U.S.S ALABAMA

U.S.S ALABAMA

In this episode USS Alabama

這一集我們要介紹 Alabama 號

the long life for the lucky A

「幸運大A」的傳奇一生

the battleships define the mines effectiveness in the naval fleet

戰艦被認為在艦隊中佔有心理威嚇因素

And major sea power in the first half of the 20th century

和20世紀大半葉的海軍主力

these vessels incorporated the latest scientific and technical achievements

這些船艦結合了當時最先進的科學以及科技結晶

each new ship receives the thick armor

每艘戰艦都配備厚重的裝甲

and more powerful large-caliber gun

和威力強大的大口徑火炮

the battleships were becoming real sea Giants

戰艦是真正的海上霸主

to put a stop to the naval arms race a conference was convened in Washington in 1922

為了停止海軍軍備競賽　1922年在華盛頓召開會議

the major see powers reached an agreement to reduce the number battleships

海權主要國家達成共識刪減戰艦數量

limit their primary armament caliber the displacement and other characteristics

限制主要武裝口徑、排水量和其他性能

despite the strict limitations imposed by the Treaty

儘管條約的嚴格限制

scientific progress allowed participating countries to continuously upgrade the speed

科技進步讓條約國得以不斷地升級戰艦的裝甲和武器

the armor on the armament up their battleships

美國戰艦 South Dakota 級就是新設計最成功的案例之一

the US battleships and the South Dakota Class one of the most successful examples are the new design approach

包括四艘本級的戰艦

included four vessels

和 Alabama 號 ─ 本級的最後一艘

USS Alabama being the last to them

我們現在正站在大約 60 呎高的戰艦 Alabama 號的甲板上

we're standing on the deck in a battleship USS Alabama maybe sixty there

她在 1940 年 2 月 1 日安放龍骨

was actually a

超過 3,000 位男女工人 24 小時日夜建造

the keel was laid February first 1940

工期為時 30 個月　她在 1942 年 2 月 16 日下水

Took over 3000 men and women working 24 hours a day

在 1942 年 8 月 16 日正式服役於美國海軍

30 months to build a ship she was launched February 16 1942 *

她服役了 4 年半

she was commissioned and into the United States Navy on August 16th 1942

一共獲得 9 枚戰鬥之星勳章

she served four and a half years

總排水量 44,500 噸

Earned 9 Battle Stars

全長 680 英尺

Total displacement: 44,500 tons

全寬 108 英尺

Length: 207.4 meters

吃水 36 英尺

Beam: 33 meters

武裝

Draft: 11 meters

主炮：3 門三聯裝 MK.6

Armament

口徑： 406mm

primary armament: 9 MK.6 guns in three turrets

射程：穿甲彈 - 18.2 海浬

Caliber: 406mm

高爆彈 - 19.8 海浬

Range of fire: armor-piercing shells 33 km

10 門 MK.28 二聯裝 MK.12 高平兩用炮

high-explosive shells 36 km

口徑：127mm

Dual-purpose artillery: 10 MK.28 turret with 2 MK. 12 guns each

12 門四聯裝 40 mm Bofors 防空炮

Caliber: 127mm

48 座 MK.2 / 3 / 4　20mm Oerlikon 防空機炮

Anti-Aircraft Artillery: 12 quadruple Bofors guns

艦載機：2 到 3 架 OS2U 水上飛機

48 Oerlikon MK. 2 3 4 78 cannons

裝甲：主裝甲帶 - 12.2吋

Air group: from 2 to 3 OS2U floatplanes

主炮炮塔：7.2 到 18 吋

Armor: belt 310mm

艦橋：4 到 16 吋

Primary armament turrets: from 184 to 457 mm

極速：27 節

Conning tower from 102 to 406 mm

航行距離：15 節時 13,000 海浬

Maximal speed: 27 knots

美國工程師成功讓新戰艦擁有一定的速度和出色的抗沉能力

Range: 13,000 nautical miles at 15 knots

這些戰艦的靈活性足以擔負護航空空母艦的職責

US engineers managed to give the new battleships quite a high-speed

而巡航距離足以讓她們航行全球半周

And impressive sustainability the vessels were agile enough to escort aircraft carriers

達成這些的要件便是安裝在 Alabama 號上

and the cruising range allow them to sail halfway around the globe

四間輪機艙的主機

the key to this insurance was the main power plant to the Alabama

如你所見　這是依然能夠運作的渦輪和蒸汽產生器　她們將動力輸出到

installed in four engine rooms

跟我來　這邊

much as you can see, basic what appears to be operational turbans and steam generators the actual boilers are…

當全力運作時可以輸出 230,000 匹馬力

Follow me, this way

你知道這是可以推動 45,000 噸

When fully operational, the peak can pass to 230,000 brake horsepower

或 90,000,000 磅以每小時 31 英哩（等於 28 節）的時速前進

you know that's added drove over 45,000 tons

Alabama 號的武裝值得特別一提的是

or 90,000,000 pound ship plus 31 miles an hour, 28 knots

只有兩個級別的戰艦威力比她強大

USS Alabama’s armaments is worthy of special attention

美國最新的 Iowa 級戰艦和世上最大的日本大和級戰艦

Only 2 ship classes will more powerfully arm

Alabama 號的主武器包含 9 門 16 吋主炮

The newest US Iowa Class and the Japanese Yamato Class, the biggest battle ships in the world

分別安裝在艦艏的兩座炮塔和艦尾的一座炮塔

The Alabama's main battery consisted of nine guns with 16 inches caliber

主炮的彈藥庫位於主甲板兩層以下

Installed in 2 forward turrets and 1 aft turret

這一區被稱為「炮座」　這就是當巨大的 16 吋炮彈被武裝並在這放上起重機

The primary elements magazine is located two levels below the main deck

然後被你們在艦艏艦尾看到的巨大的16吋主炮發射的其中一區

This is the area called barbette and this is one of the stations where the big 16 inches shells were loaded and put up a hoist above me here

這區環境相當的惡劣和炎熱

and loaded into the big guns to be fired, big 16 inches guns

這區的照片中可以看到許多擁有粗壯手臂的壯漢

you see the front and the back a battleship

因為在這邊工作你得十分強壯

it was very very difficult work, very hot conditions in here

他們會用鏈條套住炮彈

The pictures that around this room, the photographs shows many big kind burly man with big arms

然後送上起重機　接著發射

Because you need a lot of strength to work in here

一套結合陀螺儀、光學儀器和類比計算機的系統負責瞄準目標

They will put chains around these shells

炮手將必要參數輸入系統　例如目標參數、速度和風向

and then put them into the hoist and send them up to be fired

和距離炮塔的距離

A sophisticated system with gyro, scope and analog calculators was responsible for targeting

Alabama 號上載有 2 到 3 架水上飛機　當戰艦攻擊已知的目標時

Gunners supplied the system with necessary data, such as Target characteristics, speed and direction of the wind

負責空中偵察和標定

and where I to the barrels

水面目標則由雷達輔助追蹤和瞄準

USS Alabama had from two to three floatplanes on board for air reconnaissance and spotting

這也是美國海軍的驕傲

when the ship was firing the sure targets

這區是雷達、電磁輔具和無線通訊整合的地方

Surface targets were tracked and aimed with the help of radars

以及聲納系統所在

pride and joy of the US Navy

這區有點類似整艘戰艦的大腦和神經系統

This place for radars, racial aid and radio contact all came together

所有資訊在此整合並送到船艦的各區

And also sonar

5 吋 MK.12 高平兩用炮是設計用來摧毀敵方水面和空中目標

and so what you have here this kinda brain trust for the nervous system with the ship

這些炮彈使用近發信管

so all the information was collected here and dispersed to the rest to the ship

大幅提升對空射擊的效率

the dual-purpose MK. 12 guns were designed to destroy both enemy ships and aircrafts

在大戰時期，她的對空武裝包含

they use shells equipped with non-contact fuses

不斷增加的 40mm Bofors 防空炮和 20mm Oerlikon 防空機炮

That dramatically increasing the efficiency of the anti-aircraft fire

她總共擊落 22 架飛機

the battleships anti-aircraft armaments during the war

這是確定擊落的數字　船員宣稱他們擊落更多

also included ever-increasing number 40mm Bofors and 20mm Oerlikon automatic guns

但誰知道呢

headed up anti-aircraft power shut down 22 aircrafts

為了在不超過排水量限制下增加船艦的防禦能力

That’s confirm 22 the crews said they shut down twice that many

本艦採用「非有即無」的設計方式

but you know, who knows

裝甲帶只保護船艦的重要部位

to increase the defensive the ship without exceeding the displacement limit

例如艦橋、主炮、輪機艙

The all-or-nothing approach was adopted

和輪舵裝置　其餘部位則沒有裝甲

the armor protected only the vital component so the vessel

為了更進一步減輕重量　本艦採用「內裝甲帶」的設計

such as the conning tower, the primary armament, machinery spaces

意思是在主裝甲帶上覆蓋一層相對薄的加強鐵板

and the rudder gear the ship and remind unarmored

這種結構既夠輕　也被認為能有像防禦穿甲彈

to further save weight an inner armor belt was introduced in the design

儘管有種種創新

it represented a relatively thin plating reinforced steel covering the main belt of armor

跟 North Carolina 級相比　工程師仍舊要縮短全長 20 公尺

the construction was sufficiently light and was considered to be very effective against the armor-piercing shells

軍官必須睡雙層床　船員則必須睡雙層、三層甚至四層床

but regardless all these innovations

儘管採取上述種種節約空間的措施　美國工程師仍舊擠出空間給牙醫診所

the engineers still had to shorten the vessel's hull by 20 meters compared to the North Carolina battleship

一間手術室、理髮廳、商店　甚至是食物儲藏室

officers were accompanied in double cabins the crew quarters house 2, 3 and even 4 tier berths

要在二戰時一次餵飽在船上服役的 2,500 名船員

Still, despite of the space-saving, the American design is managed to find a place

每天要供應早中晚三餐

for a dentist's office, an operating room, a barber shop, a store and even a pantry

現在看到的這區是早餐區域

25 hundred man on the ship any one time in World War Two

我們供應各種食物　包括香腸餡餅

so he would have had a breakfast, lunch and dinner, the three meals a day

現烤麵包　後面還有米、早上供應的穀片

and in front of you now you're seeing the breakfast side

早上也會供應新鮮水果

We got all kinds of things this for the guys to eat here so you saw sausage patties

每次只要靠岸　艦上就能獲得如蘋果和橘子之類的新鮮水果補給

we have bread baking in the oven and over here behind those gentlemen we've got things like rice and also they also had grits once on the morning

戰艦上也生產冰淇淋　並且賣漂浮冰淇淋之類的飲料給水兵們

we also have breakfast cereal in things like how fresh fruit

根據統計　每天大概要賣出

whenever they went port they got fresh supplies to help things like apples and oranges

一百加侖的冰淇淋和汽水給船上的水兵或軍官

the battleships made the ice cream had the gear on scene and sold ice cream float things like that

每天賣出一百加侖的冰淇淋和汽水是非常大的量

one statistic is it sold about 100 gallons of ice cream

這邊是理髮廳　請注意是供水兵們而不是給軍官使用的

and or soda were severed or give to enlisted crews and officers per day here on the ship

這邊有三位理髮師和兩位學徒負責服務來理髮的水兵

so 100 gallons of ice cream and soda, that’s a lot for one day

水兵在這邊可以理海軍所允許的髮型

this is the barber shop for the enlisted crewmen's, not for the officers

在船上隨時都被要求維持嚴格的紀律

you would have 3 master barbers down here men who cut hair

但是考慮到船上有超過 2,500 名水兵

and then they had 2 apprentice

輕微的違紀是無可避免的

if the men want a certain style or something like that there was allowed by Navy military

這邊是臨時禁閉室　有些人稱為「平底鍋」或「大槌子」

rigid discipline was maintained on the ship

因為憲兵會甩禁閉室的門

but considering the number of people aboard, more than 2,500

這邊是水兵暫時的禁閉區　用來處罰不假外出

minor offenses were inevitable

酒醉歸營或鬥毆以及其他輕微違紀事件

what's called the Temporary brig, some people call panned or the slammer

再往下一層則是用來處罰重大違紀的正式禁閉區

because the slam of jail door

受罰水兵不能攜帶過多個人物品　除了一些讀物

and this was a about temporary jail area for guys that were crewmen who eventually were on leave

和這邊看到的紙牌之類的物品外

either got drunk and came back or are they were in a fight, something minor

在服役後

Down blow us 1 deck, we have the actual brig where for major offenses

Alabama 號被派往大西洋地區　美軍艦隊負責牽制德國在北方的艦隊

they weren’t allowed to have a lot of things except for maybe a little bit a reading material

而英軍艦隊往地中海地區調動準備西西里島突襲

or some cards or something like that as you would see it here

1943年7月　 Alabama 號加入挪威海岸突襲行動

the her commissioning

盟軍試圖引誘 Tirpitz 號戰艦出戰

USS Alabama was sent to the Atlantic Ocean the US battleships were tasked with holding back the German fleet in the north

但第三帝國海軍選擇留在掩護中

while the British ships moved to the Mediterranean to prepare the assault on Sicily

Alabama 號和 Tirpitz 號一生都無緣面對旗鼓相當的對手

In July 1943, the Alabama joined the ride on Norwegian shores

這些巨大的戰艦被建造出來只為確保海上優勢

the Allied forces attempted to lure out the Tirpitz

從未在正式戰鬥中跟人們預想的一樣　與旗鼓相當的對手交戰

but the German battleship preferred to stay undercover fear arms

但 Alabama 號卻在太平洋戰區美日之間最大規模的航空母艦交戰中大獲成功

neither the Tirpitz nor the Alabama had a chance to find a comparable ships in their careers

被稱為馬里亞納海戰或菲律賓海海戰

these battleships, Giants created to assure superiority in the naval rounds

為了阻止美軍佔領馬里亞納群島

never engaged in a serious battle with the similar type opponent to people's tracks

避免美軍對日本本土進行轟炸　和切斷和印尼的戰略資源運輸航線

USS Alabama however managed to distinguish herself during one of the major engagements in the Pacific Ocean

日本無法承擔這樣的後果　因此幾乎派出所有的艦載航空兵和敵方艦隊交戰

the largest aircraft carrier battle between the US and Japan

早先時刻佈署到太平洋的 Alabama 號

known as the battle for the Mariana Islands or the battle in the Philippine Sea

以航空母艦護航艦隊的一員投入戰鬥

In case the Americans captured the Mariana Islands

因為她的頂尖雷達

they could regularly bomb Japanese cities and cut off the Land of the Rising Sun from strategic resources in the West Indies

艦隊在幾乎160海里外就發現日本戰機編隊

Japan could not afford to lose them and send almost all its carrier-borne aviation to fight off the enemy’s fleet

在 1944 年這是不可思議的成就

the USS Alabama, transferred early into the Pacific Ocean

沒有一艘特遣艦隊的船艦可以確認目標接觸

joined the battle as part of the screen force for the aircraft carriers

而戰艦 Iowa 號只能在 140 海里外確認目標接觸

thanks to her state-of-the-art radar

當確認目標接觸後　美軍艦隊指揮官命令

the battleship was able to detect approaching Japanese a profit at a distance of almost 160 miles

航空母艦的戰鬥機升空迎敵

In 1944 it was inconceivable

一名來自 Lexington 號航空母艦的戰鬥機飛行員　形容這場戰鬥是以前的「獵火雞遊戲」

None of the task force ships could confirm the target

這個戲稱也被記入歷史　日後被稱為「馬里亞納獵火雞大賽」

and only at a distance of 140 miles to the battleship Iowa confirmed the detection

美軍一共擊落超過 500 架日本戰機並殲滅大部分老練日本飛行員

upon receiving confirmation the US fleet commander

自此日本艦載機隊不復存在

ordered his aircraft carriers to launch their fighters

在菲律賓海海戰後 　日軍指揮官只能發起最後一搏

one of the pilots from the aircraft carrier Lexington described disengagement as a whole time turkey shoot down

「神風特攻隊」

this nickname stocks in the battle went down in history as the great Mariana turkey shoot

最終美軍在太平洋上的攻勢　和蘇聯在滿州國的進攻

US pilots and ships destroyed more than 500 Japanese lines and kill the majority of experienced pilots

迫使日本投降　雖然投降儀式在美國戰艦 Missouri 號上舉行

in fact the Japanese carrier-borne aviation ceased to exist

但 Alabama 號有更光榮的任務

It is after the battle the Philippine Sea to the Japanese command had to resort to that last trump in the Pacific War

在 1945 年 9 月 2 號日本簽屬無條件投降協定後　有更光榮的任務在等著她

Kamikaze attacks

隔天 Alabama 號做為旗艦帶領美軍艦隊進入東京灣

Eventually US military operations in the Pacificand the Soviet offensive in Manchuria force the Japanese to lay down arms

二次世界大戰結束後不久

the surrender of the Land of the Rising Sun was signed aboard the US battleship Missouri

這些海上巨人已經明顯不符合現代戰爭的需求

USS Alabama also had an honorary role

火炮口徑再大也不敵戰機和飛彈的射程和威力

the ship pride was after the surrender documents were signed on September the 2nd 45

這些戰艦逐漸退役

the next day, that Alabama led the American fleet in Tokyo Bay

Alabama 號的改建從 1960 年代開始

pretty soon after world war two

她被改建回原貌並來到 Mobile 灣

it became obvious the giant battle fleet did not meet the requirements of modern warfare

成為當地以第二次世界大戰美軍為主題的公園的主要展出品

no matter how big the guns there were no match for the range destructive power aircraft and missiles

我們從 1965 年開始營業　超過四千萬人次參訪

little by little battleships were decommissioned

我們很高興近年來

USS Alabama’s turn in the beginning in the 1960s

年輕遊客對於美國為何偉大

she was turned to her common birth in Mobile Bay

和這艘戰艦重要性的這段歷史充滿感激

and became the main exhibit the exposition dedicated to the US Armed Forces and their role in world war two

Alabama 號被暱稱為「幸運大A」

we've been open actually to the public since 1965 hosting more than 40 million visitors

因為在她服役的生涯中沒有在任何敵方攻擊中受損

we've been very happy to see that over the last several years

也沒有損失任何一位船員

The younger audiences are very appreciative over learning the history of what made America great

現在她守護

and also what made these vessel so important there

並保存史上最輝煌海軍戰史的記憶

USS Alabama was nicknamed “the Lucky A”

because she did not receive any damage during her service

nor did she lose a single crew member to enemy fire

now she keeps watch

helping to preserve the memory of the greatest naval warfare of whole time