that we fail to notice how terrible they really are.

神奇到讓我們沒注意到它們有多恐怖。

I'd like to talk to you today about this problem,

今天我想和各位談談這個問題，

and how we can fix it with neuroscience.

還有該怎麼用神經科學來解決它。

First, I'd like to take you back to a frosty night in Harlem in 2011

首先我想把場景拉回

that had a profound impact on me.

2011年一個寒冷的夜晚， 紐約的哈林區。

I was sitting in a dive bar outside of Columbia University,

當時發生一件對我影響很深的事。

where I studied computer science and neuroscience,

當時我坐在一個地下酒吧裡，

and I was having this great conversation with a fellow student

就在我研究資訊科學和神經科學的 哥倫比亞大學外面，

about the power of holograms to one day replace computers.

我跟一個同學聊得正開心，

And just as we were getting to the best part of the conversation,

討論全像投影的力量 有一天可能會取代電腦。

of course, his phone lights up.

而在我們聊到正精彩的部分時，

And he pulls it towards himself, and he looks down and he starts typing.

不意外地，他的手機亮了起來。

And then he forces his eyeballs back up to mine and he goes,

他把手機拿近一看，就低頭開始打字，

"Keep going. I'm with you."

但隨即強迫自己眼珠向上重新看著我，

But of course his eyes were glazed over,

然後他說：「繼續講，我有在聽。」

and the moment was dead.

不過想當然爾，他的眼神開始渙散，

Meanwhile across the bar,

氣氛就全沒了。

I noticed another student holding his phone,

同時酒吧的另一邊，

this time towards a group.

我注意到另一個學生也拿著他的手機，

He was swiping through pictures on Instagram,

但卻是對面一群人，

and these kids were laughing hysterically.

他正滑著Instagram上的照片，

And that dichotomy between how crappy I was feeling

這群孩子邊看邊瘋狂大笑。

and how happy they were feeling about the same technology,

同樣的科技，讓我感覺如此糟糕， 卻讓他們覺得如此開心，

really got me thinking.

這樣的強烈對比讓我陷入沉思。

And the more I thought of it, the more I realized

而我想得越深入，

it was clearly not the digital information that was the bad guy here,

就越發覺罪魁禍首 顯然不是數位資訊本身，

it was simply the display position that was separating me from my friend

只不過因為顯示的位置不同， 在我和我朋友之間是個區隔，

and that was binding those kids together.

在那群孩子面前卻形成一種凝聚力。

See, they were connected around something,

看吧，他們正被某些事物聯結在一起，

just like our ancestors who evolved their social cognitions

就如同我們的祖先圍繞著營火說故事，

telling stories around the campfire.

藉此發展他們的社會認知。

And that's exactly what tools should do, I think.

我想這是任何工具應有的功能：

They should extend our bodies.

讓我們的身體能向外延伸。

And I think computers today are doing quite the opposite.

而我認為當今電腦所做的恰好相反，

Whether you're sending an email to your wife

無論你是在寄信給你太太，

or you're composing a symphony

寫一首交響曲，

or just consoling a friend,

或者只是在安慰你的朋友，

you're doing it in pretty much the same way.

幾乎都是用一樣的方式。

You're hunched over these rectangles,

你都是弓著背面對這些方框，

fumbling with buttons and menus and more rectangles.

笨拙地敲著按鈕和選單， 或是其他更多的方框。

And I think this is the wrong way,

我認為這是錯誤的做法。

I think we can start using a much more natural machine.

我認為我們該開始使用更自然的機器。

We should use machines that bring our work back into the world.

我們該使用能讓所做的事 重新和世界結合的機器。

We should use machines that use the principles of neuroscience

我們使用的機器應該符合 神經科學的原則，

to extend our senses versus going against them.

延伸我們的感官而非限制它們。

Now it just so happens that I have such a machine here.

現在碰巧我剛好有一台這樣的機器。

It's called the Meta 2.

它叫做米塔二號。

Let's try it out.

讓我們來試試。

Now in front of me right now, I can see the audience,

現在就在我面前，我可以看到觀眾，

and I can see my very hands.

也可以看到自己的手。

And in three, two, one,

然後3, 2, 1,

we're going to see an immersive hologram appear,

我們即將看到一個擬真的全像投影，

a very realistic hologram appear in front of me,

一個非常真實的全像投影 出現在我面前，

of our very glasses I'm wearing on my head right now.

透過我正戴在頭上的這副眼鏡。

And of course this could be anything that we're shopping for

當然出現的也可以是 任何我們要買的東西

or learning from,

或是學習的教材。

and I can use my hands

而我可以用我的手

to very nicely kind of move it around with fine control.

將它移來移去，精密的控制它。

And I think Iron Man would be proud.

我想鋼鐵人會感到很驕傲的。

We're going to come back to this in just a bit.

等等我們再來好好展示。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Now if you're anything like me, your mind is already reeling

如果你們的想法跟我一樣，

with the possibilities of what we can do with this kind of technology,

應該已經為這類科技可能帶來什麼應用 而感到暈頭轉向了，

so let's look at a few.

所以我們來看看一些範例。

My mom is an architect,

我的母親是位建築師，

so naturally the first thing I imagined

所以很自然地，我想到的第一件事

was laying out a building in 3D space

是建構一棟建築的立體影像，

instead of having to use these 2D floor plans.

而不必再使用平面的樓層設計圖。

She's actually touching graphics right now

她是真的在碰觸那些圖像，

and selecting an interior decor.

並選擇其中一種室內裝飾。

This was all shot through a GoPro through our very glasses.

這些影片都是用GoPro相機 透過這副眼鏡所錄製的。

And this next use case is very personal to me,

下一個應用範例是我個人興趣，

it's Professor Adam Gazzaley's glass brain project,

這是亞當‧葛茲利教授的 3D動態大腦影像專案，

courtesy of UCSF.

由加州大學舊金山分校提供。

As a neuroscience student,

身為一個神經科學的學生，

I would always fantasize

我經常在幻想

about the ability to learn and memorize these complex brain structures

是否有一台實體的機器， 能幫助我們學習並記住複雜的大腦結構，

with an actual machine,

讓我們可以直接碰觸和把玩它們。

where I could touch and play with the various brain structures.

現在你看到的是 一種叫做擴增實境的技術，

Now what you're seeing is called augmented reality,

但對我來說這只是另一個更重要的故事 的其中一部分 －

but to me, it's part of a much more important story --

這個故事是關於我們能如何開始 透過數位裝置延伸我們的身體，

a story of how we can begin to extend our bodies with digital devices,

而不是限制它。

instead of the other way around.

那麼，

Now ...

在我看來，人類在未來幾年內 將會經歷一次轉變。

in the next few years, humanity's going to go through a shift, I think.

我們將會開始將一整片的數位資訊

We're going to start putting an entire layer of digital information

直接披在現實世界上。

on the real world.

想像一下，

Just imagine for a moment

這對說故事的人代表什麼，

what this could mean for storytellers,

對畫家代表什麼，

for painters,

對腦科醫生代表什麼，

for brain surgeons,

對室內裝潢工人代表什麼，

for interior decorators

甚至對今天所有在座各位代表什麼。

and maybe for all of us here today.

而我認為我們需要一起完成的

And what I think we need to do as a community,

是真正試著努力，

is really try and make an effort

想像我們如何用延伸人類經驗的方式 創造這種新的現實世界，

to imagine how we can create this new reality

而不是把它變得像遊戲一樣 充滿混亂的數位資訊。

in a way that extends the human experience,

這就是我非常熱切想做的事。

instead of gamifying our reality

跟你們分享一個小秘密。

or cluttering it with digital information.

在大概五年內 －

And that's what I'm very passionate about.

它的體積還能更小 －

Now, I want to tell you a little secret.

在大概五年內，

In about five years --

它們會像覆蓋在眼睛上的一片玻璃片，

this is not the smallest device --

播放著全像投影。

in about five years,

而就像我們並不那麼在乎 要買哪一款手機，

these are all going to look like strips of glass on our eyes

我是說硬體上 － 我們想買的是作業系統 －

that project holograms.

身為神經科學家，

And just like we don't care so much about which phone we buy

我總是夢想著可以為心智 建立一套iOS － 如果可能的話。

in terms of the hardware -- we buy it for the operating system --

但非常、非常重要的是， 我們得把它做好，

as a neuroscientist,

因為我們跟它一起生活的時間

I always dreamt of building the iOS of the mind, if you will.

可能會和我們跟Windows圖形介面 一起生活的時間一樣長。

And it's very, very important that we get this right,

我不知道各位怎麼想，

because we might be living inside of these things

但活在Windows介面裡 真是嚇壞我了。

for at least as long as we've lived

(笑聲)

with the Windows graphical user interface.

為了要從無限多種可能性中 找出最直覺的介面，

And I don't know about you,

我們以神經科學為設計的指導原則，

but living inside of Windows scares me.

而不是讓一堆設計師 在會議室裡吵得不可開交。

(Laughter)

我們反覆推敲後找出一個準則，

To isolate the single most intuitive interface out of infinity,

稱為「最小神經阻礙路徑」。

we use neuroscience to drive our design guidelines,

我們將這套大腦的iOS 隨時隨地和大腦保持連結，

instead of letting a bunch of designers fight it out in the boardroom.

並史無前例地按照大腦的模式運作。

And the principle we all revolve around

換句話說，我們正試著創造一台 讓你不需要學習如何使用的電腦。

is what's called the "Neural Path of Least Resistance."

我們正在建立一套 你永遠知道如何使用的系統。

At every turn, we're connecting the iOS of the brain with our brain

為了創造這種全新的使用者體驗， 我們採用了三個重要的設計指導原則。

on, for the first time, our brain's terms.

第一、也是最重要的一個： 你就是作業系統。

In other words, we're trying to create a zero learning-curve computer.

傳統的檔案系統既複雜又抽象，

We're building a system that you've always known how to use.

讓你的大腦需要 耗費額外的精力進行解碼。

Here are the first three design guidelines that we employ

這違背了神經最小阻礙原則，

in this brand-new form of user experience.

同時，在擴增實境中，

First and foremost, you are the operating system.

你顯然可以把全像投影的 TED 控制面板放在這裡，

Traditional file systems are complex and abstract,

然後把全像投影的郵件系統 放在桌面的另一邊，

and they take your brain extra steps to decode them.

你的空間記憶會讓你 很自然地找到它們的位置。

We're going against the Neural Path of Least Resistance.

你可以把你正在選購的 特斯拉全像投影放在這 －

Meanwhile, in augmented reality,

或任何我的法律團隊 要我在演講前放在這裡的款式。

you can of course place your holographic TED panel over here,

(笑聲)

and your holographic email on the other side of the desk,

太完美了。而且你的大腦 完全知道如何去哪裡找它。

and your spatial memory evolved just fine to go ahead and retrieve them.

第二個界面指導原則， 我們稱為「接觸可視」。

You could put your holographic Tesla that you're shopping for --

嬰兒看到引起他們興趣 的東西時會做什麼？

or whatever model my legal team told me to put in right before the show.

他會試著伸手去摸它。

(Laughter)

自然的機器也應該這樣運作才對。

Perfect. And your brain knows exactly how to get it back.

事實說明視覺系統有個很基本的推動力

The second interface guideline we call "touch to see."

來自我們稱為本體知覺的感官 －

What do babies do when they see something that grabs their interest?

也就是身體各部位在空間裡的感覺。

They try and reach out and touch it.

所以透過直接觸摸正在處理的東西， 我們不僅能做更好的控制，

And that's exactly how the natural machine should work as well.

還能對它有更深入許多的瞭解。

Turns out the visual system gets a fundamental boost

這也就是「接觸可視」。

from a sense we call proprioception --

但只有我們自己體驗 這些東西是不夠的。

that's the sense of our body parts in space.

我們天生就是社會型的靈長類動物。

So by touching our work directly, we're not only going to control it better,

這就帶出了我們的第三個指導原則，

we're also going to understand it much more deeply.

如同我們早先故事的營火， 但卻是全像投影的版本。

Hence, touch to see.

我們的鏡像神經元系統

But it's not enough to experience things ourselves.

使得我們在能看到彼此的臉和手的情況下，

We're inherently these social primates.

可以和對方或者合作事項 產生更好的連結。

And this leads me to our third guideline,

所以在我後面的這段錄影裡，

the holographic campfire from our first story.

你可以看到兩個米塔使用者 同時使用同一個全像投影，

Our mirror-neuron subsystem suggests

讓他們眼神互相接觸，彼此密切結合，

that we can connect with each other and with our work much better

而不是因外在裝置而分心。

if we can see each other's faces and hands in 3D.

讓我們把神經科學放在心裡， 再試一次這個東西。

So if you look at the video behind me,

一樣地，我們最愛的介面， 心智的iOS。

you can see two Meta users playing around with the same hologram,

這次我要更進一步

making eye contact, connected around this thing,

開始抓住這副眼鏡

instead of being distracted by external devices.

然後把它放在桌子上。

Let's go ahead and try this again with neuroscience in mind.

而此刻我和你們在一起，

So again, our favorite interface, the iOS of the mind.

彼此聯結。

I'm going to now take a step further

我的空間記憶發揮作用， 讓我能去抓住它

and go ahead and grab this pair of glasses

並把它拉回來這裡，提醒著我

and leave it right here by the desk.

我就是作業系統。

I'm now with you, I'm in the moment,

現在我的本體知覺發揮作用，

we're connecting.

我可以將這副眼鏡拆成一千個零件，

My spatial memory kicks in, and I can go ahead and grab it

並碰觸這個現在正在 掃描我的手的感應器。

and bring it right back here, reminding me

但獨自看到這些東西是不夠的，

that I am the operating system.

所以很快地，我的共同創辦人 － 雷 會打一通3D電話給我 －

And now my proprioception is working,

雷?

and I can go ahead and explode these glasses into a thousand parts

(鈴聲)

and touch the very sensor that is currently scanning my hand.

嗨，雷，你好嗎？

But it's not enough to see things alone,

各位，我可以看到他在面前， 完全立體。

so in a second, my co-founder Ray is going to make a 3D call --

而且是真實的影像。

Ray?

(掌聲)

(Ringing)

謝謝你們。

Hey Ray, how's it going?

我的鏡像神經元系統認為這即將取代電話，

Guys, I can see this guy in front me in full 3D.

而且不會太久。

And he is photo-realistic.

雷，你好嗎？

(Applause)

雷：好得很。我們正直播呢。

Thank you.

(掌聲)

My mirror-neuron subsystem suggests that this is going to replace phones

MG：雷，為觀眾們送上禮物吧，

in not too long.

讓他們看看稍早影片裡 那個全像投影大腦。

Ray, how's it going?

各位，這帶來的改變不僅僅是電話，

Ray: Great. We're live today.

而是整個我們彼此合作的方式。

(Applause)

謝謝你們。

MG: Ray, give the crowd a gift

謝謝，雷。

of the holographic brain we saw from the video earlier.

雷：不客氣。

Guys, this is not only going to change phones,

(掌聲)

it's also going to change the way we collaborate.

MG：朋友們，這就是2011年 我在那間酒吧得到的訊息：

Thank you so much.

電腦的未來絕對不是 藏在那些螢幕後面，

Thanks, Ray.

而是在這裡，藏在我們身體裡。

Ray: You're welcome.

(掌聲)

(Applause)

所以如果今天能讓各位帶走一個想法，

MG: So folks, this is the message that I discovered in that bar in 2011:

那就是自然機器 並不是未來虛構的東西，

The future of computers is not locked inside one of these screens.

它就在2016年的這裡。

It's right here, inside of us.

這也是為什麼我們米塔上百名員工。

(Applause)

包含行政人員、管理層、

So if there's one idea that I could leave you with here today,

設計師、工程師 －

it's that the natural machine is not some figment of the future,

在2017年的TED大會之前，

it's right here in 2016.

我們要摒棄所有的外接螢幕，

Which is why all hundred of us at Meta,

然後用真正更加自然的機器取代它們。

including the administrative staff,

非常感謝各位。

the executives,

(掌聲)

the designers, the engineers --

謝謝，由衷感謝。

before TED2017,

謝謝你們。

we're all going to be throwing away our external monitors

克里斯·安德森： 請解答我的一個小疑惑，

and replacing them with a truly and profoundly more natural machine.

過去一年甚至更久之前 就出現過許多擴增實境的展示，

Thank you very much.

科技人之間有時會互相爭論

(Applause)

「我們是否真的在螢幕上看到 真實物件？」這個問題。

Thank you, appreciate it.

這是這個領域存在的一個議題，

Thanks, guys.

就是這個科技似乎讓我們在戴上眼鏡時

Chris Anderson: So help me out on one thing,

顯示的東西比實際看到的還多。

because there've been a few augmented reality demos

那我們看到的東西是否真實呢？

shown over the last year or so out there.

MG：絕對是真實的。

And there's sometimes a debate among technologists

不僅如此，

about, are we really seeing the real thing on-screen?

我們還額外測試， 利用GoPro相機透過真實鏡頭

There's this issue of field of view,

拍攝之前放映的那幾段影片。

that somehow the technology is showing a broader view

我們想藉由透過這個眼鏡所看到的一切

than you would actually see wearing the glasses.

模擬這個世界的體驗，

Were we seeing the real deal there?

不漏掉任何一個鏡頭。

MG: Absolutely the real deal.

CA：感謝你與我們分享這些。

Not only that,

MG：非常感謝。

we took extra measures to shoot it with a GoPro through the actual lens

in the various videos that you've seen here.

We want to try to simulate the experience for the world

that we're actually seeing through the glasses,

and not cut any corners.

CA: Thank you so much for showing us that.

MG: Thanks so much, I appreciate that.