what it is we put our speakers through:

至少我已發現我們加諸於我們演講人身上的東西:

sweaty palms, sleepless nights,

手心出汗、無法入睡的夜晚

a wholly unnatural fear of clocks.

對時鐘一種完全不自然的恐懼

I mean, it's quite brutal.

我的意思是，這挺殘酷的

And I'm also a little nervous about this.

我也對這有點緊張

There are nine billion humans coming our way.

九億人來到我們這

Now, the most optimistic dreams

現在，最樂觀的夢想

can get dented by the prospect

會被全球的

of people plundering the planet.

人口增長踏扁

But recently, I've become intrigued

但最近，我對那巨大人群有了

by a different way of thinking of large human crowds,

感到不同的想法和興趣

because there are circumstances

因為在這些情況中

where they can do something really cool.

他們可以做些真正有意思的事

It's a phenomenon that I think

我想這是一個現象

any organization or individual can tap into.

任何組織或個人都可以進入

It certainly impacted the way we think about TED's future,

它確實影響了我們思考關於 TED 未來的方式、

and perhaps the world's future overall.

或這整個世界的未來

So, let's explore.

所以，讓我們一起探索吧

The story starts with just a single person,

故事開始於一個人

a child, behaving a little strangely.

一個孩子，行為有點古怪的孩子

This kid is known online as Lil Demon.

這孩子 Lil Demon 在網路上竄紅

He's doing tricks here, dance tricks,

他正在秀一些舞技

that probably no six-year-old in history ever managed before.

歷史上，大概從來沒有一個六歲小孩可以做出這些動作吧

How did he learn them?

他是怎麼學會的？

And what drove him to spend the hundreds of hours of practice

什麽樣的動力使他

this must have taken?

必須花上幾百個小時練成這樣?

Here's a clue.

這裡有個線索

(Video) Lil Demon: ♫ Step your game up. Oh. Oh. ♫

（影片）Lil Demon: ♫ Step your game up. Oh. Oh. ♫

♫ Step your game up. Oh. Oh. ♫

♫ Step your game up. Oh. Oh. ♫

Chris Anderson: So, that was sent to me by this man,

Chris Anderson: 所以，是這個人寄給我的

a filmmaker, Jonathan Chu,

電影工作者朱浩偉 (Jonathan Chu)

who told me that was the moment he realized

他告訴我，那一刻他明白了

the Internet was causing dance to evolve.

網際網路正在促使舞蹈演化

This is what he said at TED in February.

這是二月時他在 TED 所說的

In essence,

本質上

dancers were challenging each other online to get better;

舞者在網上彼此較量，讓自己變得更好

incredible new dance skills were being invented;

發明新的難以置信的舞技

even the six-year-olds were joining in.

甚至連六歲的兒童都加入

It felt like a revolution.

就像革命

And so Jon had a brilliant idea:

於是 Jon 有個絕妙的想法

He went out to recruit the best of the best dancers

他跑去徵求最最傑出的舞者

off of YouTube

在 YouTube 上

to create this dance troupe --

成立這個舞蹈團隊 --

The League of Extraordinary Dancers, the LXD.

"超舞聯盟" (The League of Extraordinary Dancers, the LXD)

I mean, these kids were web-taught,

我指的是，這些孩子是網路教出來的

but they were so good that they got to play at the Oscars this year.

但他們竟然好到可以參加今年的奧斯卡演出

And at TED here in February,

這是在二月時的 TED

their passion and brilliance just took our breath away.

他們的天才熱情實在教人屏息

So, this story

所以，這個關於

of the evolution of dance

舞蹈的演化故事

seems strangely familiar.

似乎有點怪異又親切

You know, a while after TEDTalks started taking off,

你們知道嗎，在 TEDTalks 剛開始不久

we noticed that speakers

我們注意到

were starting to spend a lot more time in preparation.

講者開始花許多時間準備

It was resulting in incredible new talks like these two.

後來促成一些非比尋常的演說，比如這兩個...

... Months of preparation

多個月的準備

crammed into 18 minutes,

濃縮於短短 18 分鐘

raising the bar cruelly for the next generation of speakers,

殘酷地為下一代的演說者提高標準

with the effects that we've seen this week.

我們這一星期見到了成效

It's not as if J.J. and Jill

雖然不大像 J.J. 和 Jill

actually ended their talks saying, "Step your game up,"

在演說中的總結: 「舞力全開吧！」

but they might as well have.

但他們應該也使盡了全力

So, in both of these cases,

所以，在這兩個例子中

you've got these cycles of improvement,

你們見到進步的循環

apparently driven

很明顯地，是由於

by people watching web video.

人們觀看網路影片使然

What is going on here?

這裡發生了什麽事?

Well, I think it's the latest iteration of a phenomenon we can call

嗯，我想最近頻繁發生的現象，我們可以稱之為

"crowd-accelerated innovation."

「群眾加速的創新」

And there are just three things you need for this thing to kick into gear.

只要擁有三種東西，你就可以使它轉動

You can think of them

你們可以把它們想像為

as three dials on a giant wheel.

三個巨大轉輪

You turn up the dials, the wheel starts to turn.

一旦啟動，輪子便開始旋轉

And the first thing you need is ... a crowd,

而你所需的第一件東西是......人群

a group of people who share a common interest.

分享共同利益的一群人

The bigger the crowd,

人群愈大

the more potential innovators there are.

潛在的創新者就愈多

That's important, but actually most people in the crowd

那很重要，但事實上，大多數的人群

occupy these other roles.

佔有這些其他角色

They're creating the ecosystem

他們正在創造一個

from which innovation emerges.

使創新得以浮現的生態系統

The second thing you need is light.

第二個你所需要具備的東西是 光

You need clear, open visibility

你需要明亮、大家都可見到的空間

of what the best people in that crowd are capable of,

使那群眾中最傑出的人得以擁有能力

because that is how you will learn

因為你可以從中學習

how you will be empowered to participate.

學習如何參與其中

And third, you need desire.

第三，你需要慾望

You know, innovation's hard work.

你知道，創新是困難的工作

It's based on hundreds of hours of research, of practice.

它是建立於上百小時的研究與訓練

Absent desire, not going to happen.

少了慾望，什麽都不會發生

Now, here's an example -- pre-Internet --

現在，這裡有一個例子 -- 網路世代前 --

of this machine in action.

機器是這麼運作的

Dancers at a street corner --

舞者在街角 --

it's a crowd, a small one,

這是一群人，一小群人

but they can all obviously see what each other can do.

但所有人都可以清楚地看見每個人的動作

And the desire part comes, I guess,

慾望來自於，我猜，

from social status, right?

來自於社會地位，是吧?

Best dancer walks tall, gets the best date.

最好的舞者趾高氣昂，獲得最好的約會

There's probably going to be some innovation happening here.

這裡肯定有某些創新發生吧

But on the web,

但是，在網路上

all three dials are ratcheted right up.

所有的齒輪扣合在一起

The dance community is now global.

舞蹈的社群如今已躍上全球

There's millions connected.

幾百萬個連結

And amazingly,

多麼令人驚異

you can still see what the best can do,

你仍然可以看到最棒的人的舞技

because the crowd itself shines a light on them,

因為人群照亮了他們

either directly, through comments, ratings,

不是直接透過評論、評分、

email, Facebook, Twitter,

Email, Facebook, Twitter

or indirectly,

就是間接地

through numbers of views,

透過觀看的次數

through links that point Google there.

透過 Google 連結

So, it's easy to find the good stuff,

在 Google 搜尋東西是很容易的

and when you've found it, you can watch it in close-up repeatedly

當你找到時，你可以近距離反覆觀看它

and read what hundreds of people have written about it.

而且讀到上百人寫下的評論

That's a lot of light.

那是偌大的光

But the desire element

但慾望的成份

is really dialed way up.

真正使輪轉動

I mean, you might just be a kid with a webcam,

我的意思是，也許你只是電腦有視訊的小孩

but if you can do something that goes viral,

但如果你可以做什麽超級絕妙的事的話

you get to be seen by the equivalent

觀看你的群眾

of sports stadiums crammed with people.

就會有如一座擠滿人的巨型體育場

You get hundreds of strangers writing excitedly about you.

會有上百人興奮地寫著你

And even if it's not that eloquent -- and it's not --

甚至，如果並不是特愛表現的話

it can still really make your day.

這仍然可以讓你感到快樂

So, this possibility

因此，這個可能性

of a new type of global recognition,

是新型態的全球認可

I think, is driving huge amounts of effort.

我想，正促使大量的努力

And it's important to note that it's not just the stars who are benefiting:

尤其重要的是，並不是只有明星得益:

because you can see the best, everyone can learn.

因為，你能看到最好的，每個人都可學習

Also, the system is self-fueling.

這個系統也是自發的

It's the crowd that shines the light and fuels the desire,

人群發光閃亮，注入慾望

but the light and desire are a lethal one-two combination

但光芒和慾望是致命的兩組結合

that attract new people to the crowd.

它們引來新人，加入群眾

So, this is a model

所以，這是一個模式

that pretty much any organization could use

任何組織都可藉此

to try and nurture its own cycle

試圖豐富它們自己的

of crowd-accelerated innovation.

群眾加速循環

Invite the crowd, let in the light,

邀請人群，注入光芒

dial up the desire.

使慾望運轉

And the hardest part about that is probably the light,

這一部份中，最困難之處，大概就是光了

because it means you have to open up,

因為，那意謂著你必須放開心胸

you have to show your stuff to the world.

你必須展示你的東西給全世界

It's by giving away what you think is your deepest secret

展示出你認為最深的秘密

that maybe millions of people

使上百萬人

are empowered to help improve it.

都被賦予這個能力，幫助彼此進步

And, very happily, there's one class of people

而且，快樂的是，有一群階級的人

who really can't make use of this tool.

無法使用這項工具

The dark side of the web

網絡黑暗的一面

is allergic to the light.

對光照過敏

I don't think we're going to see terrorists, for example,

比如說，我不認為我們可以看到恐怖份子，

publishing their plans online and saying to the world,

把他們的計劃公佈在網上，然後向全世界說:

"Please, could you help us to actually

「請你幫幫我們

make them work this time?"

搞定這些?」

But you can publish your stuff online.

但你可以在網上發佈自己的東西

And if you can get that wheel to turn,

只要你可以使輪子轉動

look out.

看看！

So, at TED,

所以在 TED

we've become a little obsessed with this idea of openness.

我們變得有點執迷於開放性的想法

In fact, my colleague, June Cohen, has taken to calling it "radical openness,"

事實上，我的同事 June Cohen 將它稱為「基進開放性(radical openness)」

because it works for us each time.

因為對我們來說，每次都有用

We opened up our talks to the world,

我們將演說開放給全世界

and suddenly there are millions of people out there

突然間，上百萬的人出現了

helping spread our speakers' ideas,

幫助傳播講者的思維意念

and thereby making it easier for us

於是也使我們變得較易於

to recruit and motivate the next generation of speakers.

號召、鼓舞下一代的演講人

By opening up our translation program,

透過開放翻譯計劃

thousands of heroic volunteers --

上千位勇敢的義工 --

some of them watching online right now, and thank you! --

有些人現在正在網上看著。謝謝你們!

have translated our talks

將我們的演說

into more than 70 languages,

譯成七十多種語言

thereby tripling our viewership in non-English-speaking countries.

使我們在非英語系國家的點閱率成長三倍

By giving away our TEDx brand,

藉由授予我們的 TEDx 品牌

we suddenly have a thousand-plus

我們突然擁有了上千個

live experiments in the art of spreading ideas.

以宣傳想法為概念出發的現場實驗

And these organizers,

這些組織者

they're seeing each other, they're learning from each other.

也看得見彼此，向彼此學習

We are learning from them.

我們向他們學習

We're getting great talks back from them.

我們反過來從他們那裡得到許多很棒的演說

The wheel is turning.

輪子正在轉動著

Okay, step back a minute.

好吧，退一分鐘

I mean, it's really not news for me to tell you

我的意思是，這已不是新鮮事了

that innovation emerges out of groups.

創新發生於團體

You know, we've heard that this week --

你們知道，我們在這星期已聽到 --

this romantic notion of the lone genius

一個孤獨天才的浪漫概念

with the "eureka!" moment that changes the world

他說，那改變世界的「發現」時刻

is misleading.

是錯誤的

Even he said that, and he would know.

就算他這麼說，他也會知道

We're a social species.

我們是社群的物種

We spark off each other.

我們引領彼此

It's also not news

網絡加速創新

to say that the Internet has accelerated innovation.

也早已不是新聞

For the past 15 years,

過去十五年來

powerful communities have been connecting online,

強大的社群已連結上網

sparking off each other.

互相領導對方

If you take programmers,

拿程式設計師來說吧

you know, the whole open-source movement

你們知道，整個開放原始碼運動

is a fantastic instance of crowd-accelerated innovation.

就是一個群眾加速創新的絕佳例子

But what's key here is,

但關鍵之處在於

the reason these groups have been able to connect

這些團體能夠連結在一起

is because their work output is of the type

是因為他們的工作成果

that can be easily shared digitally --

可以輕易地數位化分享

a picture, a music file,

照片、音樂檔案

software.

以及軟體

And that's why what I'm excited about,

那便是我爲什麽會感到興奮的原因

and what I think is under-reported,

而我認為，這一波線上影片

is the significance of the rise

出現的重要性

of online video.

被低估了

This is the technology

這是一個能夠數位化地分享

that's going to allow the rest of the world's talents to be shared digitally,

全世界天才稟賦的一項新科技

thereby launching a whole new cycle

它正在開啟可一個全新的

of crowd-accelerated innovation.

群眾加速創新的循環

The first few years of the web

網絡剛開始的最初幾年

were pretty much video-free,

沒有什麽線上影片

for this reason: video files are huge; the web couldn't handle them.

原因是: 影片檔太大了，網絡無法處理

But in the last 10 years,

但最近十年來

bandwidth has exploded a hundredfold.

頻寬擴大百倍

Suddenly, here we are.

突然間，我們就在這了

Humanity watches 80 million hours of YouTube every day.

在 YouTube 上，每天每小時有八千萬人觀看影片

Cisco actually estimates that, within four years,

Cisco 實際上估計，四年內

more than 90 percent of the web's data will be video.

超過 90% 的網絡內容將是影片

If it's all puppies, porn and piracy,

如果全是小狗、色情、和盜版作品的話

we're doomed.

我們就完了

I don't think it will be.

我不認為會這樣

Video is high-bandwidth for a reason.

影片佔據大量頻寬是有原因的

It packs a huge amount of data,

它包含大量的數據

and our brains are uniquely wired to decode it.

而我們的頭腦擁有獨特的解碼能力

Here, let me introduce you to Sam Haber.

讓我在這裡向各位介紹 Sam Haber

He's a unicyclist.

他是個單輪車騎士

Before YouTube,

在 YouTube 風行以前

there was no way for him to discover

他無法發現

his sport's true potential,

他的運動的真正潛力

because you can't communicate this stuff in words, right?

畢竟你無法以文字表達這玩意，不是嗎?

But looking at video clips posted by strangers,

然而，在看到陌生人上傳的影片後

a world of possibility opens up for him.

一個可能性世界向他敞開了

Suddenly, he starts to emulate and then to innovate.

突然間，他開始模仿和再創新

And a global community of unicyclists discover each other online,

一個單輪騎士的全球社群在網上發現了彼此

inspire each other to greatness.

互相鼓勵，向前邁進

And there are thousands of other examples of this happening --

有其它上千個例子發生著 --

of video-driven evolution of skills,

透過影片鼓舞的技術演化

ranging from the physical to the artful.

從身體到技巧

And I have to tell you,

我必須告訴你們

as a former publisher of hobbyist magazines,

作為一個興趣雜誌的前出版人

I find this strangely beautiful.

我發覺這有著異樣的魅力

I mean, there's a lot of passion right here on this screen.

在這銀幕中藏有許多熱情

But if Rube Goldberg machines

但假使 Rube Goldberg 的機器

and video poetry aren't quite your cup of tea,

與影像詩不合你口味的話

how about this.

不如試試這個

Jove is a website

Jove 是一個爲了鼓勵科學家