well, I believe the growing practice of sending young people abroad to volunteer

噢，我相信送年輕人去國外當志工的成長練習

is setting us up for failure.

正讓我們邁向失敗

I'm going to tell you about my practices, my experience volunteering,

我要把我的實際志工經驗告訴你們

some of the trends that I've seen,

我已經看見一些趨勢

and also some ideas I have for how we might be able to improve this.

以及我有一些對於我們如何改進這個的想法

There's a Cambodian phrase that says,

有一句柬埔寨語俗語這麼說

"If you plant papayas, you can't get mangoes."

「如果你種植木瓜，你不會收穫芒果。」

I think that a lot of volunteer travel right now

我想現在有許多志工旅行

is offering really short-term solutions for complex problems,

對於複雜的問題來說，提供僅僅短期的解決辦法

and yet, we're really disappointed

然而，我們真的很失望

when we're not getting long-term development results,

當我們沒能達成長期發展的結果

like when you get a papaya, and you're expecting a sweet, juicy mango.

像是當你得到一顆木瓜時，而你正期望是一顆香甜多汁的芒果

We're not only failing the youth that we're sending abroad

我們不但送到國外的年青人

and the communities that they aim to be serving,

和他們打算服務的聚落都是不合格

but we're also harming our collective futures

而且也無益於我們共同的未來

because if the next generation doesn't have tools that we need

因為如果下一代沒有我們需要的工具

for sustainable development in the future,

足以支撐未來的發展

we're in trouble.

我們會遇到大麻煩

Volunteer travel is one of the biggest growth sectors in the tourism market,

在觀光市場中，志工旅行是其中一個最大成長的部份

and millions of young people go abroad to volunteer each year, I was one of them.

數百萬計的年輕人每年出國當志工，而我之前也是他們中的一個

I even set up an organization in Cambodia

我甚至在柬埔寨創立一個組織

that's taken hundreds of people over to help.

那個組織在那幫助數以百計的人

We started in 2005, when some friends and I wanted to bike across Cambodia.

我們在2005年開始，當時我和一些朋友，想要自行車車穿越柬埔寨

We were going to teach children about the environment, and health,

我們要去教孩子關於環境和健康的東西

while raising money for what we thought

當在為我們所構思的籌款時，我們想到

would be the best way to improve education:

最好改進教育的方式︰

to build a school.

創立一所學校

The thing is, we didn't know much about the environment,

問題是，我們關於環境還不是知道很多

didn't know much about health,

對健康也知道得不多

and definitely knew nothing about Cambodian education,

並且肯定地關於柬埔寨教育什麼也不知道

yet we got pats on our back, and we had funds in our pocket,

然而我們得到幫助，並且籌集到資金

and we were off to save the world.

再來我們要去拯救世界

When I arrived in Cambodia, I was so excited to see this building.

當我抵達柬埔寨時，我看見這座建築物是如此激動

I was picturing the next Prime Minister or Nobel Laureate coming out of it.

我曾心中想像下一首相或諾貝爾獎得主因為它得到

We had so many things to donate: pens, pencils, books, teachers,

我們捐贈了很多東西︰鋼筆，鉛筆，書，教師

and I arrived, and I realised something I already should have known:

在我抵達那裡時，我意識到某些事情我本應該知道︰

schools don't teach kids, people do.

學校不是拿來教孩子，而是人們在教

We were planting papayas.

我們正種植木瓜

A Cambodian friend came up to me later and said,

一位柬埔寨朋友，在我過來一陣子以後告訴我

"You know, you foreigners,

「你知道，你們外國人，

you really like to put your name on buildings, don't you?"

真的很喜歡在大樓上留下你的名字，不是嗎？」

And he was right. (Laughter)

他說的是對的。 (笑)

Here's an empty building with my name on it

這裡是一間留有我名字在上面的空建築物

next to an empty health center with some Belgian guy's name on it.

僅次於一個在上面留下比利時小伙子們名字的空健檢中心

You know in that movie "Field of Dreams"? They got it wrong.

你知道那部電影「夢幻成真」？ 他們是不正確的

If you build it, they will not necessarily come.

如果你建造它，他們不一定會來

I spent the next six years living in Cambodia,

我又花了六年居住在柬埔寨

trying to figure out how to put an investment of a school building to use

努力弄懂怎樣投資出一座能使用的學校

and building a team to make that possible.

並建造一個團隊使那成為可能

I thought it would take a few days, and a nice building,

我認為只需花費幾天，以及一座好的大樓

and it's taken a lot more than six years;

但花費時間遠遠超過六年；

yet, I'd volunteered all over the world before that

然而，在那之前我已經在全世界擔任過志工

and every time I went home thinking, "Job well done."

每次我回家都想說「幹得真不錯。」

Cambodia was the first time that I stuck around long enough

柬埔寨是我第一次逗留足夠長時間

to peek behind the curtain after the few days or few months

在事情完成後，幕後盯著看個幾天或者幾個月

when a volunteer drops in, and I didn't like what I saw.

當一位志工拜訪，而我不喜歡我看見的

I realised that a lot of the things that I had been doing,

我意識到許多我一直做的事情

that I had been encouraged to do in past volunteer trips

在過去志工旅程中，被鼓勵去做的事

could sometimes cause more harm than good.

有時會造成影響害多利少

I realised that giving things away like shoes or water filters

我意識到那給予東西出去，像鞋或者濾水器

could sometimes destroy local markets,

有時會破壞本土市場

and that buying things from kids who are selling stuff on the street

從正在街道上出售商品的孩子買東西

could sometimes keep them there.

有時才能維持他們在那裡

I watched the orphanage tourism sector grow.

我監看孤兒院觀光部份的增長數據

Now orphanage tourism is

現下孤兒院觀光是

one of the most popular among volunteer travelers,

在志工旅遊者中是最受歡迎的之一

and it lets you and I, and anyone off the street,

它讓你和我，以及在街道的任何人

walk in, and play with vulnerable kids, and have those same kids do dance shows

走進去，並且與脆弱的孩子們玩，並且與那些孩子共舞

night after night, for visiting travelers.

一夜又一夜，為到來拜訪的旅人

Actually, UNICEF released a report last year

實際上，聯合國兒童基金會去年發表一份報告

that three out of four Cambodian "orphans" in orphanages

每四名柬埔寨人中，有三位在孤兒院的柬埔寨「孤兒」

have one or both living parents.

至少有一位或者兩個活著的父母親

The volunteer tourism market is part of a system

志工觀光市場，是這系統的一部分

that is fueling this separation of kids and their parents,

那刺激孩子和他們的父母親分離的原因

and that's not something that I signed up for.

那些事情不是我的初衷

I'm sure most of you who've volunteered abroad as well

我確信大多數你們，都在國外擔任志工做的都不錯

don't want to be a part of that either,

也不想要成為那一部分

and we don't want to be setting our kids up

並且我們不想使我們的孩子邁向

for that same experience that I had,

和我過去那次相同的經驗

so what we need to teach our kids

因此我們需要教導孩子們

is the biggest lesson that I learned in six years in Cambodia is that:

是我在柬埔寨的六年所學習到最大的教訓︰

we have to learn before we can help.

在我們能幫助別人之前，我們必須先學習

We have to learn before we can help, or else we're causing more harm than good.

在我們能幫助人之前必須先學習，不然害多利少

I get e-mails from teachers all the time that say,

我一直收到來自教師的電子郵件，上面提到

"We'd like our students to have a volunteer experience for 1 or 2 days,

「我們想要讓我們的學生擁有一天或二天的志工經驗

not on a project that's already started,

不是在已經開始的專案上

we want them to have it from start to finish

我們想要他們從頭到尾的完成它

so they can get a sense of accomplishment."

他們就因此能得到一種成就感。」

What are we teaching our kids?

我們在教我們的孩子些什麼？

We have to learn before we can help, but we already know this.

在我們能幫助人前要先學習，但我們已經知道這個

When we send young people abroad to intern in a law firm,

當我們送一位年輕人到一家律師事務所做實習生時

we tell them they'll do menial tasks file papers, sit, listen, and learn,

我們告訴他們，他們將接受枯燥乏味的任務：文書工作，坐著，聽著，並且學習著

they don't expect to be lead prosecutor in a court case the next week,

他們別期望在下周法院的案件當主任檢察官

and we know they'd mess up if they tried, right?

如果讓他們試試我們知道他們將搞砸，不是嗎？

So we have this double standard when we send them abroad to volunteer,

因此我們有這雙重標準，當我們將他們送到國外當志願者時

we're making it seem like development work is easy,

我們似乎讓發展成為一門容易的工作

and anybody can just come do it.

並且任何人都可以來做

Even the word's that we're using are setting our youths up to be superior,

甚至我們正使用的話語，正使我們的年青人們自我感覺良好

we're "volunteering" or we're doing "service learning",

我們是「志願服務」或者我們正做「服務學習」

as we say in North America.

如同我們在北美洲時說的

If you're there to serve someone that you're superior to,

如果你在那裡為服務的某人比你還高級

it's sure hard to understand

它實在令人費解

that you should be learning from those same people.

你應該從那些底層人們學習

We're fueling a system of sympathy tourism.

我們正給一個同情觀光的系統添加油

Sympathy, by definition, means pitying someone else.

同情，定義就是，憐憫其他人

We don't need to be teaching our kids sympathy but empathy.

除了移情，我們不需要教我們的孩子同情

We need to teach our kids empathy

我們需要教導我們的孩子移情

because empathy requires an understanding of others,

因為移情需要你對其他人的理解

and if you understand others, you have to learn first.

如果你能理解其他人，你必須先學習

It means entering the world saying,

它意謂著進入世界說著

"I'm here to learn from you," not, "I'm here to teach you."

「我到這裡來向你學習」不是「我到這裡來教你」

It means being humble.

它意謂著要謙遜

We need to stop sympathy volunteering,

我們需要阻止出自同情志工服務

and start empathy learning,

並且開始學習移情

and we can even use the same vocabulary if you like.

如果你樂意，我們甚至能使用相同詞彙

How about we take "service learning" and we flip it around?

我們何不帶著「服務學習」然後到處翻轉它

If we take a learning service approach, what we're telling our youth is go abroad,

如果我們抱著一種學習服務態度，我們要告訴正要出國的年經人什麼

and learn how to serve in the future.

並且學習將來如何服務

We're saying go abroad and learn, and get yourself the tools that you need

我們說出國並且學習，並且找到你自己需要的工具

to begin to understand the complexity of development work.

開始理解，發展工作的複雜性

Get angry, get interested, and then go home,

變得生氣，變得關注，然後回家

and you have 355 other days of the year, or the rest your life,

你在這一年中的其他355天，或者你剩餘的生活

to improve how you give, improve how you travel,

對於改進你如何給予，改進你如何旅行

and improve how you live.

並且改進你怎樣生活

I think we're losing kids from this long-term fight

我認為我們是長遠爭論來看失敗的孩子

that we need to solve our world's problems in three ways.

我們需要從三個方向來解決我們世界的問題

First, some people go abroad and they get completely overwhelmed

首先，一些人出國，他們受到強大衝擊

when they enter a place that's very different than their own.

當他們進到一個和之前環境不同的地方

And if they don't have someone there

如果他們那裡沒有人

to help them digest that experience, I know I did.

可以幫助他們消化那次經驗，我知道我會做

When I went to India when I was 20,

當我20歲時，我去印度

I thought leprosy was made up in religious texts,

我思考痲瘋病是被在宗教文字裡構成

and I swore I would never go back.

並且我發願我絕不會回去

We're losing some people

我們正失去某些人

because they go abroad, and they get a chance to be a hero,

因為他們出國，並且偶然得到成為一名英雄的機會

but they never engage with the complexity of aid.

但他們從不從事於複雜性的救助

So they go home with pictures, and they show they've done their part.

因此他們帶著照片回家，顯示他們已經善盡他們的職責

We're fueling a guilt offsetting programme.

我們正給內疚補償程序加油

You can live however you like all year, as long as every now and then,

你可以在整年中隨你高興的生活，像你每天現在這樣

you go volunteer in an orphanage and offset the rest.

然後你前往一個孤兒院當志工補償其餘部份

But we're never engaging with sustainable solutions to our world's biggest problems.

但是對於我們世界上最大的問題，從不提供足可支撐的解決辦法

And sometimes, we lose people because they go abroad, they volunteer,

並且有時，我們失去人，因為他們出國，他們擔任志工

and they stick around a little bit longer, and they say,

並且他們逗留長時間一點，他們說

"Wait, you told me this was easy, but this is kind of hard and I might have messed up

「等等，你告訴我這是容易的，但是這是有點困難的，我可能會搞砸

and you let me fundraise for my flights, and all these people are behind me,

並且你讓我為我的旅程籌款，所有這些人都在後面幫助我

and I didn't succeed," and they give up.

我沒有成功」並且他們放棄

So if we want to keep these people in the system,

因此如果我們想要保持，這些人們待在系統裡

and have them solve our problems in the future,

並且讓他們解決，將來我們的問題

we need to offer learning first.

我們首先需要先提供學習

So that organization that I founded in Cambodia

所以我在柬埔寨成立的組織

stopped offering volunteer trips,

停止提供志工旅行

and we started offering development education tours.

我們開始提供教育發展的旅遊

We're not offering simple answers anymore.

我們不再提供簡單的答案

Instead, students usually leave with a lot more questions

反而，學生通常帶著更多的問題離開

than they started with, but that's the point.

比起他們開始來的時候，但是那正是關鍵

Development is complex,

發展是複雜的

so we need to arm our youth with a context for that complexity.

此我們需要武裝我們的年輕人，搞懂複雜性的來龍去脈

What does that look like?

那看起來像什麼？

Debates and discussions, reading articles at night,

在晚上讀文章，進行辯論和討論

questions and answers sessions with development professionals.

跟發展的專家進行問答座談會

A chance to exchange ideas with local youths.

一個與本地年經人交換想法的機會

There's tons of educational travel options out there for young people.

對於年輕人有大量教育旅遊的選擇在那兒

But we need to start rewarding that, and encouraging that,

但我們需要開始獎勵那件事，並且鼓勵那件事

just as much if not more than we do volunteer travel.

就如同我們辦理志工旅行一樣多

We give volunteer time-off and extra pats on the back

我們給予志工休假以及額外的鼓勵

to the people who go volunteer,

對來擔任志工的人們

we need to do the same or more for those who are going to learn.

我們需要做相同或更多對於將來要學習的人

Educational travel has so much potential, for you and I, for everyone.

教育旅遊充滿十足潛能，對你、我和每個人來說

Imagine an educational hotel chain where professors and residents

想像一個教育旅館連鎖集團，在那裡的專家和居民們

are curating learning content for travelers who come through,

正策展旅遊者學習內容

we can create that.

我們能建立我們說的那些

It's up to you and I to create that,

創造那是靠你和我

and it's up to us to demand what's already there,

並且它是靠我們去要求，所需要的東西都已經在那裡

so if you're a parent and you're listening to this talk,

因此如果你是父母，並且你正聽這次演講

tell your child, you're not measuring how many wells they build,

告訴你的孩子，你沒打量他們建造多少口井

or how orphanages they visit on their first trip abroad.

或者在他們的第一次出國旅行時，訪問的育幼院如何

Tell them you want them to tell you everything they learned.

告訴他們你想要，他們告訴你他們所學習的一切

So you can set them up to be prepared

因此你讓他們進行準備

for the responsibilities that come with their global citizenship.

成為全球公民身分的責任

And if you're someone who's about to go abroad

如果你是即將出國的人

to a country or culture that's different than your own,

到一個國家或者不同於你們自己的文化

choose a learning approach

選擇一個學習態度

so you don't have to make the same mistakes that I did.

你不必犯跟我相同的錯誤

And the next time a teacher e-mails me

下次教師發送電子郵件給我

to design a feelgood spectacle for their students,

向他們的學生設計一個美好的景象

I'm going to e-mail them back, send them this talk, and tell them

我將要在電子郵件回覆，寄給他們這次演講，並且告訴他們

to define success for their students as learning first before serving,

想去定義他們的學生成功，在服務之前先學習

so that we can set them up to succeed in the long-term.

在長期來說，這樣我們才能使他們邁向成功

They will do the world-improving later,

他們以後將改善世界

if we give them the right tools and we plant the right seeds,

如果我們給他們正確的工具，並且我們種植正確的種子

and then we'll start getting mangoes.

然後我們將開始得到芒果

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）