Name: 世界上最小的機器人。納米機械的崛起 (The World's Smallest Robots: Rise of the Nanomachines)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:39:15.000Z
Duration: 4 min 47 s
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They’re either super sweet like Bicentennial Man

and WALL-E or super terrifying like in iRobot or the Terminator.

But what if I told you scientists have been

making robots that you can’t see or hear

That’s right, scientists are working on making very tiny robots.

able to deliver drugs anywhere in the body,

Time to learn about the rise of the molecular machines.

These incredibly small gadgets are made from molecules that are orders

They move, change form, and -- most importantly

to scientists controlling their chemical and physical properties.

So far, scientists have created molecular motors,

switches, shuttles, turnstiles, and even nanocars.

Let’s start off with the smallest molecular

machine building block: molecular switches.

Here is Dan Claes from the University of Nebraska:

Dan: “Like light switches, molecular switches

go on or off, thanks to molecules undergoing “conformational changes.”

Those are simply changes in structure -- they’ve still

got all the same atoms attached in the same order,

but they can bend or twist in response to a stimulus, sort of like a beach chair

By shining UV light, changing temperature, or

prompting chemical reactions in other ways,

scientists can force these molecular switches to undergo conformational changes

These molecular machines can get way more complex.

They can be 3-D, they can be DNA-based, they can walk, I could go on.

So scientists are working toward building molecular

machines built from many tiny robots working

Dan: “Well, think about how our muscles work.

When you contract your muscles, whether to lift

something heavy, like your TV, or just put on a gun

show, your muscle isn’t working as one big machine.

It’s millions of tiny muscle cells, and inside

those muscle cells, even tinier sarcomeres that

make your muscle fibers contract and extend.

There have been some attempts to make nanobots

These are light-activated nanosheets sliding in

a motion similar to natural muscle fibers.

Much like real muscles, these tiny machines’

So in the future, this means we could potentially

implant artificial muscles into our bodies.

Another cool application would be transporting

nanocargo such as drugs or even information

around our bodies and in the environment.

nanotrucks have spherical wheels, rotating axles,

and a molecular chassis and can be powered by

shining light or using other chemistry tricks.

On a larger scale, microrockets and microsubmarines

can also move around and deliver larger cargo.

Both of these micromachines work by reacting with surrounding solutions to form gas bubbles

And they pick up and drop off cargo also using

chemistry -- they can pick up oil in water

through hydrophobic interactions or could

pick up magnetized cargo by adjusting surrounding magnetic fields.

But there are still plenty of examples of other

technologies that beat out molecular machines

but scientists still have to figure out how to take

advantage of that before nanobots can work for us.

But you’ll still have to ask your friends to help you move.

For more small science, check out our episode

Or find out what’s inside your iPhone without breaking it open.

And subscribe for more weekly chemistry videos.

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世界上最小的機器人。納米機械的崛起 (The World's Smallest Robots: Rise of the Nanomachines)

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