address a couple things that came up in a discussion on Facebook

來闡述幾個在臉書上討論到的議題

about reading and becoming a better reader.

也就是如何閱讀以及成為一個更好的閱讀者

And so as we kinda went through this thread

且我們要透過這個網路影片

online, we were sharing some tips and ideas

分享一些關於如何精進我們閱讀理解能力

about how to improve our reading comprehension,

的心法和小撇步

and so I thought I would share a few things that I do

所以我想我會分享一些我認為

and maybe this will be a help to you.

能夠幫助你們達到這點的事情

Number one when you read a book, and by the way we will

第一點是，你在讀一本書時，順帶一提，我們會

title this video 10 tips to improve your reading comprehension,

把這部影片的標題取為「增進閱讀理解力的十個撇步」，

and so number one is from

而第一個撇步來自

Benjamin Franklin himself and what he said was never read a book

班傑明・富蘭克林，他曾說他唸書時

without a pen in hand and so hmm... well, I actually take that to heart.

絕對會有一支筆在旁邊，所以...我其實已經銘記在心

I hardly walk to a mailbox without having a book

我每次去我的郵箱收信時都會帶一本書

and a pen, and so hmm... if you have a pen in your hand,

和一支筆，所以...如果你不論

no matter what you're reading you have the opportunity to

在讀什麼書都帶著一支筆的話，就有機會

underline, highlight...personally I like to

把書中重點畫下來...我個人喜歡

scribble, circle, argue with the author. If you read in the

劃線、圈畫，與作者對話。你若有看我讀過的書中

in columns in my book, sometimes I write, well that's a great point

其中的一段，我有時會在裡面寫：「這點很讚！」

or you're a blooming idiot or whatever. But I

或者「你超白癡的」或之類的。但我

I really interact with the author

在書中寫些評語時，

as I write in book. And some people I know it makes your skin crawl

我真的彷彿跟作者有互動。我知道對某些人來說光是想到寫一本書

to just think other writing a book, but if you want to improve your reading

就令人不敢領教，但你若想要增強你的閱讀

comprehension,

理解力，

the very first thing that I would do is take Benjamin Franklin's advice

首先我會採用班傑明・富蘭克林的建議

and never read a book without a pen in your hand.

也就是看任何一本書時手邊一定要有隻筆

Another thing when we talk about reading comprehension, uh, number two,

第二件我們要討論到關於閱讀理解的事情

is read a whole paragraph

是在你閱讀整個篇幅後

or a whole section before you

或者整段文章之後

go to highlight or underline something.

再去畫重點或者是在文句下畫底線

I know sometimes I kinda get ahead of myself and l'll be reading through a book

我知道有時候我會一口氣把書看完

and most of the kinds of books that I read are not...

而大部分我念的書

they're not novels and nonfiction books, and so

都不是小說類或者虛構的故事

their their little bit more uh... technical

所以它們有一點...偏技術性

or oreinted for study, so uh...

或者是偏向研究類型的書籍，所以...

so sometimes we will begin reading and the very first line that you see that's

有時候我們開始閱讀，看到第一句覺得有趣的句子

interesting, you want to highlight that,

就急忙地把它用螢光筆標記下來

and what I found is if you read the entire paragraph first,

而我發現你如果先把整段文章讀完

a lot of times there may be a summary statement or there may be

通常最後都會有段落總結或是

uh a little better information for you to highlight

更值得你去掌握的重點訊息，你再去畫重點

down in the paragraph, rather than just uh breaking up your train of thought.

就不會因此打斷你的思考

Uh...so you may want to read a whole section first

呃...所以你可能會想要先讀完整段文章

and then go back and find what you want to highlight, and I think that'll help

然後再回去找你覺得是重點的地方去標記，我認為

with the some reading comprehension.

這樣會幫助增進你的閱讀理解力

Another thing that I do

還有我會做

uh... in fact I do it a lot is I read out loud.

呃...實際上我經常這麼做，我會大聲朗讀

And, hmm, if you read out loud, you will read more slowly

你若以大聲朗讀方式閱讀，就會比你默讀時還要放慢閱讀速度

than if you read silently, but there are times

但有時候

where uh... by reading out loud by reading with inflection,

大聲朗讀或者有抑揚頓挫地朗讀

you were able to have more senses engaged in what you're reading, so

可以對於所讀之文章更有感受和連結

you're not just saying it, but you're also

你就不只是草草略讀過，而是

hearing what you're reading, and that simply helps with

一邊聽見你所朗讀的文章，這樣也可以輕鬆地幫助

reading comprehension as well. And by the way, I read a study

你增加閱讀理解力。順帶一提，我今天剛剛讀過一篇

just today about I reading out loud,

關於「大聲朗讀」的研究報告

and the study gave some great insights. One of the things that it mentioned was uh...

而這篇報告給了許多不錯的洞見。報告中提到其中之一就是

if people read a list, you know, like a list of

如果我們去閱讀一個清單，像是

items, and one of those

物品清單，且其中的一個

items was different than the rest, maybe there was a list of 10 things and

物品和其他物品不同，假設是有 10 樣物品的清單好了

it was ten kinds of birds and one or nine kinds of birds

像是 10 種鳥類和一個不同的東西，或者是 9 種鳥類

and one was a sport, people would tend to remember the sport

和一種運動，我們就會比較容易記住那項運動是什麼

and they would forget the other nine, and so

而忘卻其他的九種鳥類

what it shows is those things that stand out, those things that are somehow

這顯示了群體中特別顯眼的那個、不一樣的那個

different, tend to make up more than impression

比較容易被我們的大腦所記住

in our brain, so a lot of times what I'll do is if I'm reading

所以大部分閱讀的時候如果

and I come across the paragraph that, you know, is just a really solid, something I really

我讀到一篇好文章，我真的很想記住它的內容的

wanna get,

那種文章

I'll stop, and I'll read that out loud out, and it really helps to set it apart

我會暫時停下來，大聲把那段念出來，這真的對在我腦中加深印象很有幫助

in my thinking, so there are times where you can read out loud.

所以有時你可以大聲朗讀

So, never read a book or yeah never read a book without a pen in your hand,

所以，閱讀時手上一定要有隻筆，

read a whole paragraph per section before you go through and highlight or

在你要畫重點或標記重點前

underline

先把整段文章讀完，

at times read out loud, and then also

並且有時大聲朗讀、有時參雜

uh... read silently. You know if we're gonna read out loud sometimes, sometimes we wanna read

默讀。有時我們想要大聲朗讀，有時卻想要

silently.

默讀

And I would encourage you: if you do this when we're talking about reading

而且當我們在討論閱讀理解力時，我會鼓勵

comprehension

你這麼做：

read with a pencil read with a pen and simply

閱讀時拿支筆或原子筆

check, you know, as you see something that stands out or you see something interesting

就在你覺得比較特別或有趣的地方

simple put a little check in the margin, and that way you can keep reading.

簡單打個勾或做個小記號，就繼續往下讀

This gives you the big picture a book, and then you can go back through

這樣一來你就對整本書有個概觀印象，並且在你回頭讀的時候

and look in and pay attention later to some other things that you

可以找到並且更深入地去看那些

you checked but uh... that will help improve your

你打勾做記號的地方，這會幫助增進你的

comprehension. This next one, I think is, uh, something a lot of people just don't do.

理解力。下個是，我認為是大多數人不會做的

And when you're, you're reading to study, when you're reading and it's something

而當你，當你為了研究而讀書時，有某件事情

that you really want to comprehend, its not just enjoyment,

你真的很想要理解，而不僅是為了娛樂而讀時

uh...something that I do, uh... often, in fact it probably makes me look pretty

事實上我常常做的一件事情是...事實上這會讓我看起來

silly for

會讓你看起來蠻蠢的

somebody looking in my office or maybe I'm driving down the

尤其如果有人朝我的辦公室裡看，或是我正在開車

the road, but if I read something, I'll

但我如果正在閱讀某個東西

stop at the end of the paragraph or at the end of the section

我會在某個段落或章節的最後停下來

and I'll think through it in my mind.

並且我會在腦中想過一遍

And sometimes I leave it talk through it out loud, as if I'm explaining

而某些時候我會大聲講出來，好像我在解釋

what I've read to someone. Umm, if you can formulate your thinking enough to be

給某個人我剛唸了些什麼。你如果可以把你的思緒公式化到

able to communicate that

可以跟別人溝通的程度

to someone else, then it's just gonna

就能夠增加

increase your comprehension. And if you do that throughout the book,

你自己的理解力。你如果在閱讀整本書時都這樣做

if you do that throughout your, um, study,

如果你用這種方式去做研究

its... its going to help us significant.. significantly.

這將會有非常顯著的幫助

So, um... so, never read a book without a pen in your hand, read the whole paragraph first,

所以，唸書隨時準備一支筆、唸完整段文章後再畫重點、

at times read out loud, other time read silently, and simply check things that

有時大聲朗讀，有時默讀、並且在重點處

are important,

做的小記號、

explain what you read.

解釋你所閱讀的內容

And then, um, this comes from a chapter in a book that I'm going to recommend here in just a

而接下來這點是從我等等要推薦你的一本書中

moment, but...

擷取出來的，但...

learn to X-ray a book. When we're talking about reading comprehension,

學會如何快速掃視一本書。當我們談到閱讀理解力

recognize that it's okay not to read

要認清一點，沒有把整本書

the entire book. Uh, in fact there are lots of books that I buy,

從頭至尾念完也不要緊，事實上有許多書我買來

that I skim through the table of contents, I look at the things that

只快速瀏覽了目錄之後，挑幾個

are going to be important to me, especially if it's a compilation,

重點來看，特別是針對那些彙整資訊的書籍

and I pick and choose the the sections of the book that I'm going to read,

然後我就選取那些章節來閱讀

and it took me awhile to not feel guilty about not reading the whole book

我花了點時間才不會因為沒有看完整本書

and only reading parts of it, but by doing that, by being more selective,

只看其中一部分而感到愧疚，但是有選擇性地去看某些章節

I was able to benefit much more

讓我比硬嗑完整本書

then if I simply labored through

看了一大堆

some things that presented information that at the time I just

我並不感興趣的資訊

wasn't interested in.

要來的受益更多

So learn to pay attention to the table of contents

所以要學會從目錄中

and really pick out the areas that you want to

挑選出自己想要

read. Also something that I tend to do

看的部分。並且我傾向把注意力放在

is pay attention to summary

總結語上

words, and summary words are things like, um,

總結語就像是

"therefore" or "as a result" or "in conclusion,"

「因此」、「結果是」、「結論是」

and make sure that when you see that,

確保當你看到那些字眼的時候

you were able, in your mind, to know what his argument was, what the author's

你在作者做出總結之前

argument was before he got to a summary,

就能夠想到作者的論點

because if you see a summary word and you don't understand the previous argument,

因為你若看見了總結用的字眼而你不知道前面陳述的論點，

then you're not really comprehending that, so I usually mark

你就沒辦法真正地理解，所以我通常會

those kinda summary word. I'll underlined noun

把那些像是總結的字眼作記號，我會在底下畫線

and I'll go back and make sure that I know what the points are

之後回去再看那些論點，確保我知道哪些是

that are leading up to the author's conclusion.

作者可能會導引到結論的重點

And sometimes we find that, you know, he's made some kind a logical fallacy,

有時我們會發現作者有些邏輯上的謬誤

and really the points that he's brought forth can lead to other conclusions or

而他提出的這些觀點可能會引出不同的結論，或者

maybe it's simply not

這些論點僅僅並非

conclusive。Also

具結論性的。另外

something that I would encourage you to do is

我會鼓勵妳去做的就是

use highlighters or circle and underline

用螢光筆去圈選或畫出

key phrases in a book. I'll tell you I do that

書中的重點字會。我就是這麼做的

Here's an example of a book that I read just this past week,

這本書是我這禮拜剛讀過的

and you can see that, boy, I highlight

你可以看見我畫的重點

and then you know I was reading and this particular book is on pluralism.

然後你就能知道我在讀的這本書是有關多元主義

And so right here's the word tolerance,

所以這邊這個字是「包容」

and then I will underline the key phrases or the key words

而我會在一個句子中的關鍵詞彙或者一些關鍵字下

within a sentence, and that really helps to

畫底線，而那樣做真的

to stand out, and it also helps when I highlight and I underline,

有助於讓重點凸顯出來，而如果我畫重點或是底線

when I finish a book before I simply put it down to move on to the next thing

在看完一本書、並進行下一件事之前

I typically pick it back up and go page for page and just

我通常會再拿起來翻一翻

look back through it and I will read what I've highlighted.

並且看我畫的重點部分

I just don't understand folks personally who can read a book

我不是很了解那些可以看書

and they don't mark in it, they don't write in it, and

不去畫重點、做記號和寫字的人

then you know maybe the one key thought, or maybe one thing that really stood out,

也許某個重要想法或某個突出的重點

it's simply lost in their two or three or four hundred-page book,

就會在一本有二、三、四百頁的書中被遺漏掉

and they can't open it up and go back and find that,

之後他們也不能再輕易回去找到那些重點

and so I would encourage you to use highlighter and a pen.

所以我會推薦你使用螢光筆和一支筆

Also,

並且

when it comes to reading comprehension, mark words

當談到閱讀理解力時，在你不懂的字下

that you don't know. This is something that is

做記號。這麼做

is going to help increase your vocabulary. I recently read

可以幫助增加你的單字量。我最近念

just an absolutely outstanding book called "The Professor

一本很棒的書叫做「教授和

and The Madman," and if you can see the subtitle,

瘋子」，而你如果有看到子標題的話

here the subtitle is "A tale of murder,

這裡寫：「 一個關於謀殺、瘋狂、

insanity, and the making of the Oxford English Dictionary,"

以及編纂牛津字典的故事」

so it is a book about the making

這是本關於

up the dictionary, so I wasn't too surprised

字典編撰的書，所以當一開始

when there were 35 or 40 words

的幾個章節中

in the first, you know, how many chapters of this book that I didn't know,

有 35 至 40 個我不懂的生字時，我並沒有很驚訝

but I went through and circle every single solitary word I didn't know,

但我閱讀並圈起每個我不懂的生字

and when I was done, because this is not on the Kindle

而當我看完後，因為這不是在 Kindle 上

I simply went to dictionary.com and

我就到 dictionary.com 花了點

spend a little bit of time and looked up some of these words and have added a

時間查找這些生字並且

couple of 'em

加了幾個

to my vocabulary. A few of these or a little archaic

進到我的辭彙庫裡。這裡面有些字已經有點過時

but anyway, fantastic thing to do, circle words

但總之，把不懂的字圈起來

that you don't know. Finally, the last

還是件很棒的事。最後，最後一個小撇步

is read this book

是去讀這本

"How to Read a Book," and, uh, by Mortimer Adler

叫做 「 How to Read a Book 」 的書，由 Ｍortimer Adler

and Charles Van Doren, absolutely outstanding.

和 Charles Van Doren 寫的，非常棒的作品

And one of the things that this does

這本書其中的一個好處是

is it helps you to

它讓你

be able to read multiple works and compare them.

能夠閱讀多種不同性質的書籍，並且有能力去比較它們

It has the tip about X-raying a book

它有提到透析一本書的秘訣、

and kinda understanding the author’s purpose and goal, and

瞭解作者的寫作目的和目標的方法、並

being able to evaluate a book to see it's something that

讓你能夠去評估一本書裡是否有你想要

you want to read to begin with. So,

去閱讀的內容，所以

let's just review those ten tips real quick, 'cause I didn't number them throughout.

我們來快速複習一下這十個撇步，因為我並沒有將它們編號

Number one, never read a book without a pen in your hand.

第一個是唸書時手邊一定要有隻筆

Number two, read a whole paragraph

第二個是在閱讀完整段文章

before you go through and highlight or

之後再畫重點

underline anything, and that way you get the bigger context, and

或底線，這樣一來你就能夠對整段文章有更深的了解

sometimes can find the conclusions. At times when you need to

有時候甚至可以找到作者結論。你有時需要

read out loud, you read more slowly, but it will help you to remember that as you

大聲朗誦，雖然會讀得比較慢，但當你利用你的感官時

engage your senses.

可以加深你對內容的記憶

Also, read silently, and as you read silently,

有時也要默讀，而當你默讀時

simply use a pencil and just check

就拿著一支鉛筆並在

key paragraph, so you want to go back and read later. Explain

重要段落處做記號，以便你之後想要回去再讀一次。解釋你所

what you read. Learn to X-ray a book and realize you don't have to

閱讀的內容。學會如何透析一本書，並且了解到你不一定要

read every single chapter.

把書中每個章節都念完

Pay attention to summary words: therefore, as a result

注意結語，像是「因此」、「結果是」、

in conclusion. Circle and underlined key

「結論是」這種詞彙。將句子或段落中

words and phrases in a sentence or in a paragraph.

關鍵詞彙圈起和劃底線，

Mark words that you don't know and look them up.

把不懂的字會做記號，並且查閱字典

Again, if you have a (Kindle), just double click and it pops up the dictionary, there.

再次提醒，如果你有 ( Kindle ) ，就點擊那個字兩次，旁邊就會跳出字典解釋

And then finally, read "How to Read a Book". I hope these tips are helpful to you

而最後就是閱讀 「 How to Read a Book 」 這本書。希望這些撇步對你有幫助

and happy reading.

閱讀愉快