they open my eyes to the facts

他們讓我看到了事實

that we can understand and predict so

我們可以理解和預測

much of the everyday world around us

大千世界

using math and equations so today I want

使用數學和方程，所以今天我想。

to revisit the classic high school

重溫經典高中

physics egg drop competition where you

物理學雞蛋下降的競爭，你

have to build some sort of contraption

搞鬼

around an egg to make sure it doesn't

蛋的周圍，以確保它不。

crack when it hits the ground originally

原地踏步

I wanted to do a bunch of research and

我想做大量的研究和

testing to find the single best way to

測試，以找到單一的最佳方式來

win the competition every time but what

屢戰屢勝

I found out with that each competition

我發現，每次比賽

sort of has different rules in some

頗有異曲同工之妙

you're not allowed to use popcorn or

你不允許使用爆米花或。

parachutes and in others you win if your

降落傘，而在其他地方，你贏了，如果你的。

contraption is the smallest or the

器件是最小或最多

lightest or both so i'm going to show

最輕的或兩者都有，所以我將表明

you five super easy options and then

你的五個超級簡單的選項，然後

we'll talk about why each one works

我們將討論為什麼每一種方法都有效

let's go crack some eggs

煎蛋去吧

okay so let's start with the popcorn

好吧，讓我們開始與爆米花

ball the basic principles that you put

球的基本原則，你把

your egg in the middle of a box that

你的雞蛋在一個盒子的中間，

contains some kind of cushioning

含有一定的緩衝作用

materials such as bubble wrap or packing

氣泡紙

peanuts or popcorn personally I think

花生或爆米花 我個人認為...

this one is the most boring but it works

這是最無聊的，但它的工作

and that's why every shipping company

這也是為什麼每家船運公司

ever shipped this way i'm using a ball

曾經運送這種方式，我使用一個球。

here because it's more weight efficient

在這裡，因為它的重量效率更高

in a box where you have unnecessary

框中，你有不必要的

cushioning in the corners plus the

在角落裡的緩衝，加上

stretchiness of the ball will help

球的伸縮性將有助於

absorb assembly energy

吸收能量

the moment of truth and we have an

時候，我們有一個

intact egg before I show you the other

在我給你看另一個完整的蛋之前

four ideas let's talk about the science

四個想法，讓我們來談談科學

behind landing with an uncracked egg so

後面的落地與一個未裂開的雞蛋，所以...。

the starter you dropped your egg is up

你掉了雞蛋的起動器已經啟動了

high and it's stationary so it has

高，而且它是靜止的，所以它有。

potential energy which is the energy

勢能

associated with height so these red

與身高有關，所以這些紅色

blocks represent the potential energy

塊代表勢能

and the higher I go the more blocks of

而我越往上走，越多的塊

energy I start and then as the egg fall

我開始的能量，然後作為雞蛋下降

that potential energy is converted to

勢能轉化為

kinetic energy which is the energy of

動能是

speed so you start up high and every

速度，所以你開始高，每

single block is over here as potential

單塊在這裡作為潛在的

energy but as you start to fall and fall

但當你開始跌倒，跌倒

faster and faster every single block

越來越快，每塊

comes over here is kinetic energy or

過來的是動能或

speed and now your egg is about to

現在你的雞蛋即將

impact the ground and have all this

衝擊地面，並有這一切

energy in the form of speed that got to

以速度形式存在的能量，到了

go somewhere now this broom represents

這把掃帚代表

the standing energy that holds an

蓄勢待發

eggshell together it makes it hard so

蛋殼在一起會使它變硬，所以

the way to think about this is when your

思考這個問題的方式是當你的

egg hits the ground do you introduce

雞蛋落地你介紹

more energy than the binding energy of

的結合能。

the molecule holding the hard eggshell

卵殼分子

together at any point you're going to

一起在任何時候你都會

break at that point so the question that

在這一點上，所以問題是

becomes what can we do to keep our

變成了我們能做什麼來保持我們的

blocks below the broom because simply

掃帚下面的塊，因為只要

put below the broom your egg is safe

臥薪嚐膽

anything above the broom and your egg is

上樑不正下樑歪

busted well there's two things we can do

破產了，有兩件事我們可以做的

the first is that we can make this pile

第一，我們可以把這堆東西做成

of green blocks not as tall this is why

綠化磚的高度沒有那麼高，這就是為什麼

no matter what your contraption is to

無論你的裝置是什麼

protect the egg if your rules allow it

守株待兔

you should make a parachute the bigger

你應該做一個大的降落傘

the better and it does not have to be

越多越好，而且不一定要

fancy this is like old-school army guys

花式這就像老派軍隊的傢伙

style just cut up

儼然

bag little bit of string little bit of

袋子 一點點繩子 一點點

tape and just looking at this you can

錄像帶，光看這個你就可以

see the difference a parachute could

看得出，降落傘可以

make so the second thing you can do is

所以，你可以做的第二件事是

not to remove any green blocks by

不去除任何綠色塊，通過

reducing your speed but to spread them

減少你的速度，但傳播他們

out so if we say left to right as our

所以如果我們說從左到右作為我們的

time axis the more we could stretch out

時間軸越長，我們就越能延伸出

this impact event the more we can lower

衝擊事件，我們就越能降低

that high energy spike and this is a

高能量的峰值，這是一個

cool way to think about any two objects

思考任何兩個對象的酷方法

impacted the longer the duration of the

影響的時間越長

impact the more you can spread out that

影響力越大，你就越能傳播這種

force so stuff doesn't break so for

力，這樣東西才不會壞，所以

example this is the point of car air

例如這就是汽車空氣的意義

bags instead of your head hitting the

袋子，而不是你的頭撞上

steering wheel and stopping near

朝令夕改

instantaneously it stretches out the

瞬間伸出

impact force overtime so you don't get a

衝擊力加班，這樣你就不會得到一個

quick spite that exceeds the broom line

恨鐵不成鋼

for your skull this is exactly why long

你的頭骨，這正是為什麼長

jumpers prefer to land it's sand and not

跳樓的人更喜歡落在它的沙子上，而不是。

on asphalt and why parkour runners will

在瀝青路面上，為什麼跑酷選手會有這種感覺？

always roll after a big jump it's all

一蹦三尺高，一跳三丈遠

about defusing the force over a longer

關於在較長的時間內化解力

period of time so what does that mean

時期

for our egg contraptions it surely is

對於我們的雞蛋裝置，它肯定是

something to keep in mind because it can

需要注意的事情，因為它可以

make it more intuitive for example to

讓它更直觀，例如

see why putting your egg in the middle

知道為什麼把雞蛋放在中間了吧

of a jar of peanut butter which is a

一罐花生醬，這是一個。

popular and not a very good idea isn't

膾炙人口，不亦樂乎

as good as putting your egg in the

就像把雞蛋放進

middle of a popcorn ball okay back to

中間的爆米花球 好吧，回

the bridge

橋上

you

你

so a lot of people like to build

所以很多人都喜歡建造

contraptions out of straws and in some

用吸管做的裝置，在一些

competitions that's all you have to work

競爭，這是你所有的工作。

with how you configure your straws

與您配置吸管的方式

depends a little bit on how stiff they

取決於他們的硬度

are the good folks at wendys have fairly

是好鄉親們在Wendys有相當的

stiff straws which means I didn't have

僵硬的吸管，這意味著我沒有。

to use quite as many so my idea was to

所以我的想法是

take six like three inch long straws and

拿六個像三英寸長的吸管和

build a regular triangular pyramid and

構建一個規則的三角形金字塔和

then put the egg in the middle and then

然後把雞蛋放在中間，然後

I took two of the Wendy straws and join

我拿了兩根溫迪吸管，然後加入。

them together to sort of make a mega

他們在一起，有點像一個巨大的

straw and I use this wide tape to help

稻草和我用這個寬膠帶幫助

prevent it from buckling and then I made

防止它彎曲，然後我做了

six of those mega straws and simply

六根超大吸管，然後簡單地。

taped one to each edge of the pyramid so

粘貼在金字塔的每一個邊緣上，以便

the main point here is that there are no

這裡的主要觀點是，沒有

straws pointing directly at the egg when

吸管對準雞蛋時

it impacts the ground the force goes up

撞擊地面的力量會上升

the stiffness path through the straw I

通過稻草的剛度路徑 I

saw a ton of examples online where the

在網上看到很多例子，其中

straw was actually pointed at the a we

稻草其實是對著我們

could create a puncture load in our case

在我們的情況下，可能會產生一個穿刺載荷

we have this pyramid so all the loads

我們有這個金字塔，所以所有的負載

path next to the egg so you don't get

路徑旁邊的雞蛋，所以你不會得到

that primary impact three two one so

那主要影響 三二一 所以

you'll notice we've got a couple of

你會注意到，我們已經得到了一對夫婦的

broken pieces but that's okay because it

但這沒關係，因為它

took energy to make those breaks and

花了精力去做這些突破和

that sort of protect the shell of the

某種程度上來說，是保護殼的

egg and receiving that energy so success

蛋，並接受這種能量，所以成功

ok so our egg finally broke but it took

好了，我們的雞蛋終於打破了，但它花了

about 20 tries and you can see there's a

大約20次嘗試，你可以看到有一個。

lot of busted straws here all in all it

滿嘴跑火車

was pretty resilient yeah

是相當彈性的是啊

so this one is a throwback to my NASA

所以這個是一個回溯到我的美國宇航局

roots in 2004 the emmy our Rovers landed

2004年的艾美獎，我們的流浪者登陸了

on Mars using giant airbags and even

在火星上使用巨大的安全氣囊，甚至

though Mars has one-third the gravity of

雖然火星的重力只有美國的三分之一。

Earth I figured it would still work I

地球我想還是可以的，我

started by cushioning the egg in four

首先將雞蛋墊在四個

little balloons that I barely filled up

勉強填滿的小氣球

and then I blew up bigger balloons and

然後我吹起了更大的氣球，並。

then just tied it all together with some

然後只是把它綁在一起用一些

string and tape and then if there's any

繩子和膠帶，然後如果有任何的

gaps in coverage you can just tape a

覆蓋面的缺口，你可以只用膠帶

balloon directly to the stream you just

氣球直接到你剛才的流

tied around in addition to the balloons

綁著氣球

extending the impact time this design

延長這種設計的影響時間

benefits from a large cross-sectional

從大的橫斷面中獲益

area relative to his weight so in a

面積相對於他的體重，所以在

sense it becomes its own parachute of

它成為自己的降落傘

course if your rules allow it you should

當然，如果你的規則允許，你應該

still throw an additional parachute on

再加個降落傘

it anyways stop it from

阻止它

I'm 2012 we landed another rover on Mars

我是2012年，我們又在火星上登陸了一個探測器。

called curiosity but this one was too

稱為好奇心，但這個太

big to use airbags so we had to have a

大到無法使用安全氣囊，所以我們必須有一個。

power to send pretty much like a jet

輸送功率幾乎像噴氣式飛機

pack so I wanted to pay tribute to

所以我想向

curiosity I got to work on her for seven

好奇心驅使我在她身上工作了7天

years and at first I was thinking like

年，一開始我是這樣想的

model rocket but without gyroscopes and

火箭模型，但沒有陀螺儀和火箭模型

control algorithms things can get pretty

控制算法的事情可能會變得非常

unsafe pretty quickly so I thought of

很快就不安全了，所以我想到了

this idea where I use balloons that

這個想法，我用氣球，

could deflate and then they would

可以放氣，然後他們將

provide upward thrust like before

上行下效

landing but it now and as ridiculous as

但它現在和荒唐的是

this might seem it's actually not a

貌似如此，實則不然

violation for most rules because you're

違反大多數規則，因為你

not touching it once you've released it

一手遮天

the fact is most competitions are using

事實上，大多數比賽都在使用

rules that were written before you could

條條框框

go on amazon and buy a toy drone for

去亞馬遜上買一個玩具無人機，為

less time 50 bucks

少了50塊錢的時間

intact it I save this one for lassence

完好無損 我把這個留著用吧

I've never seen anyone do it and it's

我從來沒有見過任何人這樣做，它的

probably my favorite in terms of its

可能是我的最愛，因為它的

simplicity but you want to buy fewer

簡單，但您希望購買更少的

balloons and you need and then just pop

氣球，你需要，然後只是彈出。

them until you get to the point where

他們，直到你得到的點，其中

you're just under neutrally buoyant and

你只是在中性浮力下，並

you can see at the bottom I've just got

你可以看到在底部我剛剛得到了。

this little protector of the egg you

你這個雞蛋的小保護神

don't have to get fancy but I use those

不用花哨的，但我用這些

little animal balloons that it seems to

小動物氣球，它似乎

work pretty good this one weighs in at a

工作相當不錯，這一個重量在A

couple ounces so it is a strong option

幾盎司，所以它是一個強有力的選擇。

if your competition favors lighter

如果你的競爭者喜歡更輕的

contraptions

裝置

so which one is the best again it sort

所以哪一個是最好的再次它排序

of depends on the rules of your

的取決於你的規則

competition in some cases being smallest

競爭在某些情況下是最小的

gets you the most points so I'm thinking

讓你得到最多的分數，所以我想。

in airwolf all the way if being like

在空天狼的所有方式，如果是喜歡的

wait is the most important then go with

等是最重要的，那麼就選擇

the helium up house method and if you're

氦氣上房法，如果你是。

Angus needs to survive then you can pick

安格斯需要生存，那麼你可以選擇

any one of these but the most important

非此即彼

part is to have fun and experiment and

部分是有樂趣和實驗和

learn something and then to dominate

學而優則仕

your competition yeah you guys are good

你的競爭對手 是的，你們是好的

no that's all right it's all right and

不，這是所有權利 它的所有權利，並

now you're on YouTube thanks for

現在你在YouTube上謝謝

watching if you learn something or if

看你是否學到了什麼，或者是否

you didn't learn something or if you're

如果你沒有學到什麼東西，或者你是

a mammal then you should subscribe is

哺乳動物，那麼你應該訂閱是

your blood warm you got a four-chambered

血氣方剛

heart welcome aboard

熱烈歡迎