One of my favorite shows as a kid was "The Six Million Dollar Man,"

我一直想當個機械改造人

and this is a little bit closer to the 240-dollar man or so, but --

"The Six Million Dollar Man"(無敵金剛) 是我小時候喜歡的電視劇之一

(Laughter)

這個價格也滿接近的 ,大概240美元, 但是

At any rate, I would normally feel very self-conscious and geeky

(笑聲)

wearing this around,

無論如何，穿著這個常使我感到很不自在,

but a few days ago I saw one world-renowned statistician

像個怪胎一樣 對吧, 但不久之前我看到

swallowing swords on stage here,

一個世界知名的統計學家在這舞台上表演吞劍

so I figure it's OK amongst this group.

所以我想在這裡穿著這個應該也沒什麼大不了

But that's not what I want to talk about today.

但這並不是我今天的主題

I want to talk about toys, and the power that I see inherent in them.

我要說的主題跟玩具有關, 以及在我眼裡, 玩具與生俱來的力量

When I was a kid, I attended Montessori school

當我還是個孩子時, 我唸蒙特梭利學校

up to sixth grade in Atlanta, Georgia.

一直升到六年級都在喬治亞州的亞特蘭大

And at the time I didn't think much about it,

在那時, 我並沒有想太多

but then later, I realized that that was the high point of my education.

但之後, 我領悟到那時應該算是我人生教育的高峰

From that point on, everything else was pretty much downhill.

從那之後, 一切都急劇走下坡

And it wasn't until later, as I started making games, that --

一直到後來我開始製作遊戲才停止惡化,

I really actually think of them more as toys.

事實上我想稱它們為玩具更為適當

People call me a game designer,

人們稱我為遊戲設計師, 但我認為我做的這些東西更像是玩具

but I really think of these things more as toys.

那時我開始逐漸對瑪利亞.蒙特梭利和她的教育方式

I started getting very interested in Maria Montessori and her methods,

還有她看待事物的方式產生興趣

and the way she went about things,

她認為對孩子極有助益的方式, 是讓他們主動去發現新事物

and the way she thought it very valuable for kids

而不是直接灌輸知識

to discover things on their own

她會設計一些玩具, 讓孩子在玩樂的同時

rather than being taught these things overtly.

也能實際去了解那些

And she would design these toys, where kids in playing with the toys

潛藏於自然和生命中的真理

would come to understand these deep principles

由於那些事物由孩子們自己發掘, 他們的體認會更加深刻

of life and nature through play.

也會親自體驗多次失敗

And since they discovered this, it stuck with them so much more,

而由失敗為基礎的面向去學習, 是非常重要的

and also they would experience their own failures.

所以我認為我開發的這款遊戲, 就是現代版的蒙特梭利教具

There was a failure-based aspect to learning there. It was very important.

而且我希望能藉由它

And so, the games that I do,

讓孩子探索及發現屬於他們自己的真理

I think of really more as modern Montessori toys.

於是幾年前, 我開始對SETI(搜尋地外文明計畫)產生興趣

And I really kind of want them to be presented in a way

這也變成了我工作的一部分

to where kids can kind of explore and discover their own principles.

我對各個領域都有興趣,

So a few years ago,

深入研究他們, 並苦思如何製作一個玩具

I started getting very interested in the SETI program.

讓其它人也可以體驗到, 我在學習這些主題過程中

And that's the way I work.

所經歷的種種探索

I get interested in different subjects, I dive in, research them,

而這也引導我接觸了太空生物學, 一門研究存在於宇宙中的生命科學

and then try to figure out how to craft a toy around that,

你們應該聽過德瑞克方程式, 它計算

so that other people can experience the same sense of discovery

行星可能乘載的生物數量,持續的時間,以及行星的數量

that I did as I was learning that subject.

諸如此類

And it led me to astrobiology,

然後我觀察到德瑞克方程式有趣之處

the study of possible life in the universe.

在於它跨足了多個學科

And then Drake's equation,

物理學, 化學, 社會學, 經濟學, 天文學

looking at the probability of life arising on planets,

而另外一直讓我印象深刻的是

how long it might last, how many planets are out there.

很久以前由查爾斯與蕾.伊密所拍的電影---"十的次方"

And I started looking at how interesting Drake's equation was,

我開始把這兩個東西湊在一起

because it spanned all these different subjects --

思索我是否能把它們放入玩具中

physics, chemistry, sociology, economics, astronomy.

讓孩子探索這些恆久不變的定律

And another thing that really impressed me a long time ago

以及它們的種種有趣之處

was "Powers of Ten," Charles and Ray Eames' film.

在探索的過程中可能會遇到的定律

And I started putting those two together and wondering, could I build a toy

像是哥白尼原理, 費米矛盾

where kids would trip across all these interesting principles of life,

人擇原理, 以及生命起源

as it exists and as it might go in the future.

所以今天我會讓你們看一個我正在製作的玩具

Things where you might trip across things

這玩具被賦與前所未有的哲學意義

like the Copernican principle, the Fermi paradox,

當你在玩這遊戲時, 會有些哲學的問題在你腦中不斷浮現

the anthropic principle, the origin of life.

這遊戲叫"幻想星球", 我製作它己經有數年了

And so I'm going to show you a toy today that I've been working on,

現在它已經接近完成

that I think of more as kind of a philosophy toy.

首先,它有各種不同的規模可以選擇

Playing this toy will bring up philosophical questions in you.

從非常非常小到非常,非常大

The game is "Spore." I've been working on it for several years.

我直接跳到遊戲的一開始

It's getting pretty close to finished now.

從一滴小水滴開始

It occurs at all these different scales, from very small to very large.

一個非常，非常小的單細胞生物

I'm going to pop in at the start of the game.

馬上你就要開始想辦法生存，生活與繁衍

And you actually start this game in a drop of water,

就是這裡，它還只是顯微鏡才能看到的大小

as a very, very small single-cell creature,

游來游去，我知道細胞沒有眼睛

and right off the bat you basically just have to live, survive, reproduce.

但這樣讓他看起來比較可愛

So here we are, at a very microscopic scale,

玩家們必須要經歷這生物的每個世代,逐漸進化

swimming around.

你玩遊戲的時候，這生物會一點一點的長大

And I actually realize that cells don't have eyes,

當他開始長大的時候，畫面就會開始拉遠

but it helps to make it cute.

你看見背景那些東西

The players are going to play through every generation of this species,

也會跟著往前移

and as you play the game,

顯示一些成長階段會跟你產生互動的東西

the creature is actually growing bit by bit.

所以在吃東西的時候，鏡頭會拉遠

And as we start growing,

我們也會逐漸跟越來越大的生物產生互動

the camera will actually start zooming out,

現在,我們在細胞的規模玩過許多世代

and things that you see in the background there

我先跳過這邊.當我們變更大時

will start slowly pulling into the foreground,

我們會進入宏觀進化的層面

showing you a little bit of what you'll be interacting with as you grow.

現在,我們離開了水

So as we eat, the camera starts pulling out,

這遊戲重要的一部分就是在每個階段

and then we start interacting with larger and larger organisms.

玩家要設計自己的生物

We actually play through many generations here,

這就是這遊戲基本的面向

at the cellular scale.

現在,這款進化理論的遊戲,基本上你必須吃

I'm going to skip ahead here.

生存,然後繁衍。你知道，非常達爾文主義

At some point we get larger,

你們都知道＂模擬市民＂這款我之前開發的遊戲

and we actually get to a macroevolution scale.

在裡面玩家都喜歡製作東西

Now, at this point we're leaving the water,

當他們在遊戲中製作出東西，他們就會對此放入大量的情感

and one thing that's kind of important about this game is that, at every level,

並產生強烈的移情作用，儘管它們並不是

the player is designing their creature,

像那些專業的藝術家在遊戲中做的東西一樣美

and that's a fundamental aspect of this.

但玩家深愛自己所做的東西

Now, in the evolution game here, the creature scale,

而且也非常在意它們會遭遇什麼事

basically you have to eat, survive, and then reproduce.

現在,我們離開水中,跟著這個小生物

You know, very Darwinian.

我們把音量開大一點--現在我來讓它吃東西

One thing we noticed with "The Sims," a game I did earlier,

也許可以偷偷跑到那個小東西的旁邊--試著吃掉他

is that players love making stuff.

好,現在我們來打架

When they were able to make stuff in the game,

我們擊敗他了,拿到食物

they had a lot of empathy in connection to it.

也就是說，遊戲的現階段就是要我們

Even if it wasn't as pretty

四處奔走,試著存活並且繁衍後代

as a professional artist would make for games,

因為我們要將這生物的所有世代玩過一遍

it really stuck with them

我們可以交配，現在我要在這裡面

and they really cared about what would happen to it.

找個願意跟我交配的生物，

At this point, we've left the water, and now with this little creature --

其實，我們都不想重看一遍

we could bring up the volume a little bit --

人類或其他生物實際演進的畫面，因為看一個

and now we might try to eat.

不一樣的演進過程會有趣的多

We might sneak up on this little guy over here maybe,

演化過程看起來好像只有某些特定的方式

and try and eat him.

但其實它有更多不同的可能性

OK, well, we fight.

我們交配完，就點一下那顆蛋

(Creatures grunting)

接下來就是遊戲有趣的地方了

OK, we got him.

因為我們著重的是讓玩家擁有高水準的工具

Now we get a meal.

利用它們就可以輕輕鬆鬆做出很酷的東西

So really, at this part of the game,

工具欄這邊包含了許多智慧

what we're doing is we're running around and surviving,

基本上這邊就是編輯工具，我們用它來設計

and also getting to the next generation,

這個生物的後代.它有小小的脊椎

because we're going to play through every generation of this creature.

它可以跑來跑去,他可以延展

We can mate, so I'm going to see

我可以用滑鼠把它變得膨脹或縮小，所以你可以塑造它

if one of these creatures wants to mate with me. Yeah.

就像黏土一樣。也有些部分可以讓我放上去或拿下來

(Creatures grunting)

這個概念就是玩家可以利用這個編輯工具

We didn't want to replay actual evolution with humans and all that,

設計任何他們想要的東西，我們會讓他成真

because it's almost more interesting

舉例來說，我在這角色放上些肢體

to look at alternate possibilities in evolution.

我讓他們膨脹變大

Evolution is usually presented as this one path that we took through,

現在我決定要放--

but really it represents this huge set of possibilities.

放些嘴巴在這些肢體上

Now, once we mate, we click on the egg.

所以這遊戲鼓勵玩家發揮更多創造力

And this is where the game starts getting interesting,

這裡我可以放隻眼睛在中間，放上面一點，往下看

because one of the things we really focused on here

再給它些腳

was giving the players very high-leverage tools,

所以基本上，我們希望這個遊戲

so that for very little effort, the player can make something very cool.

可以增強玩家的想像力

And it involves a lot of intelligence on the tool side.

只要輕點滑鼠幾下，玩家就可以創造出

But basically, this is the editor

一些他們以前從未想像過的生物

where we're going to design the next generation.

就像創造出Maya(3D電腦動畫軟體)

So it has a little spine. I can move around, I can extend.

八歲的小孩也可以輕易上手

I can also inflate or deflate it with the mouse wheel,

但真正的目標是,我希望一個人可以在一分鐘內重製出

so you sculpt it like clay.

那些手繪畫家需要花上幾個星期去創作的東西

We have parts here that I can put on or pull off.

好,現在我放些手上去

The idea is that the player can basically design

現在我大致上製作出一個小生物

anything they can think of in this editor,

我們在它尾巴上放個小武器，這樣他就可以戰鬥

and we'll basically bring it to life.

這就是完整的型態。現在我們可以去著色模式

So I might put some limbs on the character here.

這個模式裡我們可以看到設計程式本身有

I'll inflate them kind of large.

這生物解剖型態的基本認知。它知道哪裡是後背

And in this case I might decide I'm going to put --

還有脊椎跟肢體

I'll put mouths on the limbs.

就好像他知道整個線條的走向，或該如何為它著色

So pretty much players are encouraged to be very creative in the game.

現在我們得到了整個結構圖

Here, I'll give it one eye in the middle, maybe scale it up a bit. Point it down.

這種結構圖是畫家們需要花很多天才能畫出來的

And I'll also give it a few legs.

著色結束後我們來測試看看，看它動起來會是什麼樣子

So in some sense

現階段電腦會模擬這個生物的動態

we want this to feel like an amplifier for the player's imagination,

它接受我所有的設計，並且賦予它生命

so that with a very small number of clicks a player can create something

我也可以看它怎麼跳舞

that they didn't really think was possible before.

（笑聲）

This is almost like designing something like Maya --

看他怎麼表現情感，怎麼戰鬥

that an eight-year-old can use.

他現在在動他的兩個嘴巴

But really the goal here was,

我甚至可以讓他擺出照相的姿勢，幫他照張相

within about a minute, I wanted somebody to replicate

（笑聲）

what typically takes a pictorial artist several weeks to create.

現在我把它帶回遊戲中，它誕生了

OK, now I'll put some hands on it.

然後我繼續玩到他下個演化的階段

OK, so here I've basically thrown together a little creature.

再一次，玩家對自己創作的生物產生非常強烈的移情作用

Let me give it a little weapon on the tail here, so it can fight.

玩家在遊戲中創作一個生物的同時

OK, so that's the complete model.

它會自動被送到一個伺服器

Now we can actually go to the painting phase.

再重新分送給各個玩家

At this phase, the program has some understanding

所以在這虛擬世界裡跟我互動的其他生物

of the topology of this creature.

幾乎是由其他玩家創造出來的

It knows where the backbone is, where the spine, the limbs are,

玩遊戲的過程就可以創造出個內容物龐大資料庫

how stripes should run, how it should be shaded.

你在這遊戲裡面看到的所有東西

And so we're procedurally generating the texture map,

都有一個編輯器讓玩家可以設計

something a texture artist would take many days to work on.

貫穿整個文明.這就是我的寶貝

And then we can test it out, and see how it would move around.

我吃東西的時候,我就會成長.這是它的下一代

And so at this point the computer is procedurally animating this creature.

但我現在要跳掉這部分.一般來說這些生物

It's looking at whatever I've designed. It will actually bring it to life.

會慢慢的晉級,最後變成智慧型生物

And I can see how it might dance.

我要時常想辦法處理部落,城市和文明的種種問題

(Laughter)

我跳過這個部分,然後直接到太空階段

How it might show emotions, how it might fight.

他們終會進入太空,開始殖民其它星球與開拓整個宇宙

So it's acting with its two mouths there.

具體來說,我希望玩家運用他們的想像力

I can even have it pose for a photo.

來建造這個世界.用最簡單的方式

Snap a little photo of it.

將他們的想像力具體化

(Laughter)

所以這就是這些工具的功用,讓這遊戲

So then I bring this back into the game.

成為玩家想像力的增值器

It's born, and I play the next generation of my creature through evolution.

我們要如何讓這些工具,這些編輯器變的

Now again, the empathy that the players have

跟遊戲本身一樣有趣?

when they create the content is tremendous.

這就是我們遊戲開始以來所待的星球

When players create content in this game, it's automatically sent up to a server

目前為止整個遊戲都在這小小世界的表面進行

and then redistributed to all the other players transparently.

至今,我們玩的都是這小小的玩具世界

So in fact, as I'm interacting in this world with other creatures,

再次展現與蒙特梭利教材相同的性質

these creatures are transparently coming from other players as they play.

你知道,如果你給別人一個玩具星球

So the process of playing the game

並且在星球上放上許多可以玩的東西

is a process of building up this huge database of content.

他們會發現什麼?他們又會從中學習到什麼?

And pretty much everything you're going to see in this game,

這世界是藉由想像力創造出來的

there's an editor for that the player can create,

這星球是玩家進行遊戲的地方

up through civilization.

裡面的大樓,汽車,建築物還有文明

This is my baby. When I eat, I'll actually start growing.

都由玩家一手創造而成

This is the next generation. But I'm going to skip ahead here.

這是一個小城市,有些人在裡面走來走去

Normally what would happen is these creatures would work their way up,

大部分的遊戲都讓玩家扮演天行者路克的角色

eventually become intelligent.

也就是故事的主角

I'd start dealing with tribes, cities and civilizations of them over time.

然而,這遊戲賦予玩家發揮

I'm going to skip way ahead to the space phase.

比導演喬治 盧卡斯更大的作用

Eventually they would go out into space,

我希望玩家在玩過這遊戲後

and start colonizing and exploring the universe.

可以創造出另一個世界,並且跟它互動

Now, really, in some sense,

現在,降落時我們也看到一群生物

I want the players to be building this world in their imagination,

生活在這星球的表面,所以這裡會產生了很多不同的互動

and then extracting it from them with the least amount of pain.

從這裡俯視,我可以在這裡看到一個簡化的食物鏈

So that's kind of what these tools are about.

存在於這些生物中

How do we make the gameplay,

我可以從這裡看到究竟有些什麼生物存在於這星球上

you know, basically the player's imagination amplifier?

也可以看到各種不同的生物

And how do we make these tools, these editors,

有些是玩家本身製作出來的

something that are just as fun as the game itself?

有些是由其他玩家做出來的,被自動分配到這裡

So this is the planet that we've been playing on

但這裡需要一些基本的運算能力

up to this point in the game.

像是需要多少植物才夠這些草食動物存活?

So far the entire game has been played on the surface of this little world here.

而多少的草食動物才夠讓肉食生物存活,以此類推

At this point we're actually dealing with a very little toy planet.

你必須要讓整個環境平衡

Almost, again, like the Montessori toy idea.

在這個階段,我們讓玩家擁有越來越接近神的造物力量

What happens if you give somebody a toy planet,

你可以用這個玩具般的星球去進行各種實驗

and let them play with a lot of dynamics on it?

進入這世界,我開始創造東西,就當它是一塊黏土

What could they discover? What might they learn on this?

你們看,這裡也有一個小小的氣象系統

This world was actually extracted from the player's imagination.

非常簡易的地理學.舉例來說,我可以開啟這個工具

So, this is the planet that the player evolved on.

然後,像這樣雕刻出一條河流

Things like the buildings, the vehicles, the architecture, civilizations

所以這整個星球就像一塊黏土,一個雕塑

were all designed by the player up to this point.

我也可以不時的掌控整個星球的動態

So here's a little city with some of our guys walking around in it.

現在,我可以灌入更多二氧化碳到大氣中

And most games put the player in the role of Luke Skywalker,

就像我現在做的

this protagonist playing through this story.

你會看到這裡有個小小的顯示

This is more about putting the player in the role of George Lucas.