【TED】韋德-戴維斯：信仰與儀式的世界之網（Wade Davis: The worldwide web of belief and ritual）。 (【TED】Wade Davis: The worldwide web of belief and ritual (Wade Davis: The worldwide web of belief and ritual))

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You know, culture was born of the imagination,

譯者: Chien-Ping 洪健彬 Hung 審譯者: Kuo-Yuan Cheng
and the imagination -- the imagination as we know it --

文化來源於想像,
came into being when our species descended

而這些想像
from our progenitor, Homo erectus,

就在人類一代又一代繼傳下去時行成了
and, infused with consciousness, began a journey that would carry it

從我們的祖先猿人開始直立行走
to every corner of the habitable world.

人類已有了意識, 而且開始了一個旅程
For a time, we shared the stage with our distant cousins, Neanderthal,

這個旅程就是將這種意識帶到地球上每一個可居住的角落.
who clearly had some spark of awareness,

曾與我們共同居住在這片土地上的尼安德特人(穴居人),
but -- whether it was the increase in the size of the brain,

已有了某種意識火花,
or the development of language,

不管是腦部的進化
or some other evolutionary catalyst --

還是語言的發展
we quickly left Neanderthal gasping for survival.

又或者是某種其它的進化因素,
By the time the last Neanderthal disappeared in Europe,

我們順速地與這些只懂得尋求生存的穴居人脫離了關係.
27,000 years ago,

當最後的穴居人在歐洲消失
our direct ancestors had already,

於27,000年前,
and for 5,000 years,

我們的直係祖先已經開始了,
been crawling into the belly of the earth,

5000年的
where in the light of the flickers of tallow candles,

向地球的中心靠近，
they had brought into being

在獸脂蠟燭的閃光下,
the great art of the Upper Paleolithic.

他們創造了
And I spent two months in the caves of southwest France

舊石器時代早期的偉大藝術.
with the poet Clayton Eshleman, who wrote a beautiful book called "Juniper Fuse."

我在法國的西南部的洞穴呆了兩個月
And you could look at this art and you could, of course,

期間與一位名叫克莱頓-埃爾什尼曼的詩人一起, 他曾寫過一本優美的書，叫《Juniper Fuse》
see the complex social organization

從他的這本書中,
of the people who brought it into being.

你可以發現複雜的社會組織
But more importantly, it spoke of a deeper yearning,

還有那些創造這個組織的人們.
something far more sophisticated than hunting magic.

但更重要的是：它說明了更深的渴望,
And the way Clayton put it was this way.

一種比搜尋魔法更複雜的東西.
He said, "You know, clearly at some point,

克萊頓對此的解釋是：
we were all of an animal nature, and at some point, we weren't."

“曾經的某個時候
And he viewed proto-shamanism as a kind of original attempt,

我們都帶著動物的本性，某個時候又沒有.”
through ritual, to rekindle a connection

他認為原始薩滿教就是這樣的一種嘗試，
that had been irrevocably lost.

通過儀式，我們又一次的點燃了一種聯繫
So, he saw this art not as

這種聯繫已經不見了，永遠無法挽回.
hunting magic, but as postcards of nostalgia.

所以克萊頓覺得這種藝術不是在追尋魔法
And viewed in that light,

而是我們對懷舊的明信片.
it takes on a whole other resonance.

從這個角度來看，
And the most amazing thing about the Upper Paleolithic art

這種藝術會產生一種完全相反的迴響.
is that as an aesthetic expression,

而舊石器時期晚期藝術最神奇的事情
it lasted for almost 20,000 years.

是一種對審美觀的表達,
If these were postcards of nostalgia,

因為它持續了進兩萬年.
ours was a very long farewell indeed.

如果這些是讓我們的懷舊明信片,
And it was also the beginning of our discontent,

我們的過去已離現在有非常遙遠的一段距離.
because if you wanted to distill all of our experience

但它同時也是我們不滿足的開始，
since the Paleolithic, it would come down to two words:

如果你想獲得我們從舊石器時期開始的經歷
how and why.

你將會得到兩個字：
And these are the slivers of insight upon which cultures have been forged.

怎樣和為甚麼.
Now, all people share the same

這兩個辭彙鍛造著人類的文化。
raw, adaptive imperatives.

當今，所有的人都有著同樣的
We all have children.

原始的、適應生存的欲求。
We all have to deal with the mystery of death,

我們都有孩子.
the world that waits beyond death,

都需要了解死亡的奧祕，
the elders who fall away into their elderly years.

和死後的世界,
All of this is part of our common experience,

面對那些沉浸在以往生活中的年長的人們。
and this shouldn't surprise us, because, after all,

這些只是我們普通經歷的一部分,
biologists have finally proven it to be true,

我們不應為此感到驚訝，
something that philosophers have always dreamt to be true.

因為生物學家最終已證明了它的真實性－－
And that is the fact that we are all brothers and sisters.

哲學家一直都希望是真實的：
We are all cut from the same genetic cloth.

我們都是兄弟姊妹的事實.
All of humanity, probably, is descended from a thousand people

我們都是從同樣的基因演變而來的
who left Africa roughly 70,000 years ago.

也許所有人類的祖先只有幾千人,
But the corollary of that is that,

他們在大約七萬年前離開了非洲.
if we all are brothers and sisters

但這說明了一個無法更變的事實
and share the same genetic material,

如果我們真的有某種程度的血緣關係
all human populations share the same raw human genius,

而且有共同的基因，
the same intellectual acuity.

那麼，所有的人類都會有同樣的自然本能，
And so whether that genius is placed

有著同樣敏銳的智慧.
into -- technological wizardry

不管這種天賦是應用在
has been the great achievement of the West --

西方世界偉大的
or by contrast, into unraveling the complex threads

卓越的科技發明
of memory inherent in a myth,

或相反的，用來解釋神話故事裡
is simply a matter of choice and cultural orientation.

隱含的深刻意義與啟發
There is no progression of affairs

這些不同，僅僅是一種選擇和文化定位的不同。
in human experience.

連續的事件
There is no trajectory of progress. There's no pyramid

在人類經歷中是不會發生的.
that conveniently places Victorian England at the apex

這裡沒有進步的軌跡.
and descends down the flanks

沒有將維多利亞時代的英國帶到頂峰的金字塔
to the so-called primitives of the world.

把其他的視為
All peoples are simply cultural options,

所謂的原始世界.
different visions of life itself.

人類只不過是文化的選項,
But what do I mean by different visions of life

對生命其本身不同的看法.
making for completely different

生命不同的看法？是什麼意思？
possibilities for existence?

完全不同的
Well, let's slip for a moment into the greatest culture sphere

存在的不同可能性？
ever brought into being by the imagination,

讓我們到最偉大的地球層看看吧
that of Polynesia.

是人類所能想像的最偉大的，
10,000 square kilometers,

玻里尼西亞
tens of thousands of islands flung like jewels upon the southern sea.

一萬平方英米,
I recently sailed on the Hokulea,

成千上萬的島嶼像珠寶一樣地灑在南海上.
named after the sacred star of Hawaii,

我不久前用Hokulea航海,
throughout the South Pacific to make a film

這艘艇的名字是來自夏威夷的一顆聖星,
about the navigators.

穿越南太平洋拍攝一部
These are men and women who, even today, can name

關於航海者的電影。
250 stars in the night sky.

即使是今天
These are men and women who can sense the presence of distant atolls

還能說出夜晚天空上的250顆星星的名字.
of islands beyond the visible horizon,

這些人能夠感知到
simply by watching the reverberation of waves

那些不在視野範圍內、遙遠珊瑚礁的存在，
across the hull of their vessel, knowing full well

僅僅通過觀察
that every island group in the Pacific

拍打船壁的波浪的反射形狀，
has its unique refractive pattern

他們清楚地知道太平洋上每個島嶼群
that can be read with the same perspicacity

都有著不一樣的反射模式，
with which a forensic scientist would read a fingerprint.

通過洞察力
These are sailors who in the darkness, in the hull of the vessel,

法證專家分析指紋
can distinguish as many as 32 different sea swells

這些水手在黑暗中，在船裏，
moving through the canoe at any one point in time,

就能夠及時分辨多達32種
distinguishing local wave disturbances

在任何時刻流過船體的海水的漲落，
from the great currents that pulsate across the ocean,

分辨本地海上的風浪，
that can be followed with the same ease

通過觀察振動整個海洋的水流
that a terrestrial explorer would follow a river to the sea.

這對於他們非常輕鬆，
Indeed, if you took all of the genius

就像地址學家追蹤水流入海。
that allowed us to put a man on the moon

確實，如果你把所有
and applied it to an understanding of the ocean,

把人類送上月球的智慧
what you would get is Polynesia.

都用於理解海洋，
And if we slip from the realm of the sea

那就等同於這些航海員對於玻里尼西亞的海洋的了解與熟悉
into the realm of the spirit of the imagination,

如果我們離開海的領域
you enter the realm of Tibetan Buddhism.

來到想像力的精神領域,
And I recently made a film called "The Buddhist Science of the Mind."

這個領域就好比西藏佛教.
Why did we use that word, science?

我最近拍攝了一部名為“心靈的佛教科學”電影。
What is science but the empirical pursuit of the truth?

為什麼我們採用“科學”一詞？
What is Buddhism but 2,500 years

如果追究真理的實踐都不被稱為科學，那科學還是什麼？
of empirical observation

佛教就是兩千五百年來對
as to the nature of mind?

對心靈本質
I travelled for a month in Nepal with our good friend, Matthieu Ricard,

進行觀察的經驗結果。
and you'll remember Matthieu famously said to all of us

我與我的好朋友，馬修•李卡得在尼泊爾旅行了一個月，
here once at TED,

或許你還記得馬修曾給我們做過一個講座，
"Western science is a major response to minor needs."

在TED。
We spend all of our lifetime trying to live to be 100

“西方科學是對小需求的大反應。”
without losing our teeth.

我們花費一生的時間盡力保證牙齒不掉，活到
The Buddhist spends all their lifetime trying to understand the nature of existence.

100歲。
Our billboards celebrate naked children in underwear.

佛教徒花費一生的時間極力去理解存在的本質。
Their billboards are manuals,

我們宣傳的是慶祝給赤裸的孩子穿上衣褲。
prayers to the well-being of all sentient creatures.

他們宣傳的是發自內心的，
And with the blessing of Trulshik Rinpoche, we began a pilgrimage

為眾生的幸福祈禱。
to a curious destination,

帶著，第十四代達賴喇嘛Trulshik Rinpoche的祝福，我們開始了
accompanied by a great doctor.

前往好奇之地的朝聖之旅，
And the destination was a single room in a nunnery,

和我們同行的還有一個醫生。
where a woman had gone into lifelong retreat

目的地是尼姑庵中的一個小房間
55 years before.

在那裏有一位終身隱居的女士，
And en route, we took darshan from Rinpoche,

55年前就開始了隱居。
and he sat with us and told us about the Four Noble Truths,

沾了Rinpoche的光，
the essence of the Buddhist path.

他坐在我們身邊，告訴我們四大真理，
All life is suffering. That doesn't mean all life is negative.

佛教徒之路的精髓。
It means things happen.

生命即苦難。這並不代表我們就可以否定生命。
The cause of suffering is ignorance.

它的意思是事事皆可能發生。
By that, the Buddha did not mean stupidity;

苦難的根源在於無知。
he meant clinging to the illusion

通過這句話，佛並不是愚蠢。
that life is static and predictable.

他堅守這樣的信念，
The third noble truth said that ignorance can be overcome.

即生活是靜止的、可預測的。
And the fourth and most important, of course,

第三個貴族的事實說明無知是可擊敗的.
was the delineation of a contemplative practice

第四個也是最重要的，當然，
that not only had the possibility

是對冥想做法的描述，
of a transformation of the human heart,

冥想帶來人類心靈的昇華
but had 2,500 years of empirical evidence

不僅僅是一種可能，
that such a transformation was a certainty.

它已經有兩千五百年的經驗證據，
And so, when this door opened onto the face of a woman

表明昇華是必然的結果。
who had not been out of that room in 55 years,

所以當門打開，看到那個女人，
you did not see a mad woman.

那個55年都沒有出門的人，
You saw a woman who was more clear

你並沒有看到一個瘋子。
than a pool of water in a mountain stream.

你看到了一個比山間清泉
And of course, this is what the Tibetan monks told us.

更澄澈的人。
They said, at one point, you know, we don't really believe

當然，這是西藏的僧人告訴我們的：
you went to the moon, but you did.

他們說，“曾幾何時，我們對你能否登陸月球持有懷疑
You may not believe that we achieve enlightenment

但事實是你去了.
in one lifetime, but we do.

你或許並不相信一輩子可以到達開悟的境界，
And if we move from the realm of the spirit

但是事實就是如此。
to the realm of the physical,

如果我們從精神領域
to the sacred geography of Peru --

轉移到物質的領域,
I've always been interested in the relationships of indigenous people

來到神聖的秘魯土地上，
that literally believe that the Earth is alive,

我向來都對土族人的關係有興趣
responsive to all of their aspirations,

他們相信地球是有生命的，
all of their needs.

地球會給他們的渴望和所有的需求，
And, of course, the human population

一個答覆.
has its own reciprocal obligations.

當然
I spent 30 years living amongst

人類也有回報地球的義務.
the people of Chinchero

我花了30年的時間
and I always heard about an event that I always wanted to participate in.

與Chincherro的人住在一起
Once each year, the fastest young boy

我聽說他們有一個活動，我一直都很想參與的.
in each hamlet is given the honor of becoming a woman.

一年一次，每個村莊最快的小男孩
And for one day, he wears the clothing of his sister

都會被授與轉性的榮譽.
and he becomes a transvestite,

在活動的那一天，他可以穿他姊姊或妹妹的衣服
a waylaka. And for that day,

在那天，他將是一個異裝癖者，
he leads all able-bodied men on a run,

一個 "waylaka." (土族語),
but it's not your ordinary run.

在那天,他帶領所有健壯的男子奔跑，
You start off at 11,500 feet.

但是這不是慣常的跑步。
You run down to the base of the sacred mountain, Antakillqa.

在11500高英尺的地方開始奔跑，
You run up to 15,000 feet,

跑到聖山Antkilka的山腳下，
descend 3,000 feet.

然後再爬上15000英尺，
Climb again over the course of 24 hours.

下去3000英尺，
And of course, the waylakama spin,

在24小時之內再次往上爬。
the trajectory of the route,

當然，Waylakamaspin，
is marked by holy mounds of Earth,

也就是這一線路，
where coke is given to the Earth, libations of alcohol to the wind,

是以地球上的聖山為標誌的
the vortex of the feminine is brought to the mountaintop.

可可獻給大地，美酒獻給為風
And the metaphor is clear: you go into the mountain as an individual,

女性的旋風被帶到山頂，
but through exhaustion, through sacrifice,

寓意很明顯：你獨自一人如山，
you emerge as a community that has once again

歷經疲倦，歷經犧牲，
reaffirmed its sense of place in the planet.

你最終成為集體的一員
And at 48, I was the only outsider ever to go through this,

再一次確認了存在于地球的意義。
only one to finish it.

在48歲的年紀，我是唯一一個跑完全程的外來者，
I only managed to do it by chewing more coca leaves in one day

唯一跑完的一個。
than anyone in the 4,000-year history of the plant.

我在那一天咀嚼了多於4000年以來任何人一天吃的更多的可可葉
But these localized rituals become pan-Andean,

才能夠跑完的。
and these fantastic festivals,

這種區域性的儀式變成了整個安第斯山的傳統，
like that of the Qoyllur Rit'i, which occurs

這些極好的節日，
when the Pleiades reappear in the winter sky.

好比當昴宿星出現在冬日的天空時，
It's kind of like an Andean Woodstock:

所舉行的Qoyllur Rit'i的節日
60,000 Indians on pilgrimage

就像安第斯山的伍德斯托克音樂節：
to the end of a dirt road

6萬印第安那原著民
that leads to the sacred valley, called the Sinakara,

踏上土地
which is dominated by three tongues

走往名叫“ Sinakara”的聖村，
of the great glacier.

這個聖村有3種說法，
The metaphor is so clear. You bring the crosses from your community,

關於冰山。
in this wonderful fusion of Christian

寓意也很明顯。你從你的群體中帶來十字架，
and pre-Columbian ideas.

在這個融合基督精神
You place the cross into the ice,

和前哥倫比亞思想的地方。
in the shadow of Ausangate, the most sacred of all Apus,

你把十字架放入冰河中
or sacred mountains of the Inca.

在Ausangate的陰影中，所有Apus中最神聖的，
And then you do the ritual dances that empower the crosses.

或者說Inca最神聖的山。
Now, these ideas and these events

之後，你跳起為十字架賦予力量的宗教舞蹈。
allow us even to deconstruct iconic places

現在，這些思想和事件
that many of you have been to, like Machu Picchu.

允許我們得以重構這些象徵性的地方
Machu Picchu was never a lost city.

像你們很多人去過的馬丘比丘。
On the contrary, it was completely linked in

馬丘比丘並不是一個失落之城。
to the 14,000 kilometers of royal roads

相反，它完全與
the Inca made in less than a century.

印加人在最近一個世紀修的
But more importantly, it was linked in

一萬四千公里聖道相聯繫。
to the Andean notions of sacred geography.

更重要的是，它與
The intiwatana, the hitching post to the sun,

安第斯山所謂的神聖地理相聯繫。
is actually an obelisk that constantly reflects the light

Intiwatana，挽留太陽的地方，
that falls on the sacred Apu of Machu Picchu,

事實上一座持續反射光線的方尖石塔
which is Sugarloaf Mountain, called Huayna Picchu.

坐落在神聖的馬丘比丘的Apu，
If you come to the south of the intiwatana, you find an altar.

是座圓錐形的山，叫做Huayna Picchu。
Climb Huayna Picchu, find another altar.

當你到達 Intiwatana南部時，你會發現一個聖壇。
Take a direct north-south bearing,

爬上Huayna Picchu，你會發現另外一個聖壇。
you find to your astonishment

向正南-北的方向看，
that it bisects the intiwatana stone,

你會驚奇地發現，
goes to the skyline,

它把Intiwatana一分為二，
hits the heart of Salcantay, the second of the most important mountains

一直延伸到天際線，
of the Incan empire.

到達Salcantay山的正中心，Salcantay是印加帝國中
And then beyond Salcantay, of course,

第二座最重要的山，
when the southern cross reaches the southernmost point in the sky,

過了Salcantay山，當然，
directly in that same alignment, the Milky Way overhead.

當到達天際的最南端，
But what is enveloping Machu Picchu from below?

你會發現銀河就在頭頂，呈現相同的佈局。
The sacred river, the Urubamba, or the Vilcanota,

包圍馬丘比丘的是：
which is itself the Earthly equivalent of the Milky Way,

聖河，烏魯班巴，或叫Vilcanota，
but it's also the trajectory that Viracocha walked

與銀河一樣古老，
at the dawn of time when he brought the universe into being.

這也是Viracocha走過的道路
And where does the river rise?

在他創造宇宙那天的傍晚。
Right on the slopes of the Koariti.

這條河的起源在哪里？
So, 500 years after Columbus,

正在Koiariti的斜坡上。
these ancient rhythms of landscape

所以在哥倫布發現新大陸的五百年之後，
are played out in ritual.

這些古老的對大自然的讚美之歌
Now, when I was here at the first TED,

在儀式中得以體現。
I showed this photograph: two men of the Elder Brothers,

在我第一次到TED時，
the descendants, survivors of El Dorado.

我展示了這張照片——兄弟倆的照片，
These, of course, are the descendants

理想黃金國（Eldorado）的倖存者，子孫。
of the ancient Tairona civilization.

他們，當然是後裔
If those of you who are here remember that I mentioned

是古老的榮泰納（Tairona）文化的後繼者。
that they remain ruled by a ritual priesthood,

如果你們中有人還記得我提到過的
but the training for the priesthood is extraordinary.

他們仍然被儀式祭司管束，
Taken from their families, sequestered in a shadowy world of darkness

但是訓練成為祭司是很特別的。
for 18 years -- two nine-year periods deliberately chosen

從家裏面被帶出來，躲避在黑暗的地方
to evoke the nine months they spend in the natural mother's womb.

長達18年——特意挑選兩個九年來
All that time, the world only exists as an abstraction,

喚起在母親子宮中度過的九個月。
as they are taught the values of their society.

在那時，整個世界就是抽象的，
Values that maintain the proposition that their prayers,

此時，他們被教導以他們社會的價值規範。
and their prayers alone, maintain the cosmic balance.

那種價值觀讓他們相信
Now, the measure of a society is not only what it does,

他們的祈禱本身就可以維繫宇宙的平衡。
but the quality of its aspirations.

現今，對社會的衡量已經不僅如此，
And I always wanted to go back into these mountains,

還包括它有什麼美好的渴望。
to see if this could possibly be true,

我時常想回到那些山裏，
as indeed had been reported by the great anthropologist,

去看這是否是真的，
Reichel-Dolmatoff.

就像偉大的人類學家，
So, literally two weeks ago,

雷赫爾•多爾馬托夫報導的那樣。
I returned from having spent six weeks with the Elder Brothers

事實上兩周以前，
on what was clearly the most

我剛回來，與兄弟們度過了六周時間
extraordinary trip of my life.

這個旅程，
These really are a people who live and breathe

無疑是我生命中最奇特的。
the realm of the sacred,

他們真的是生活在、呼吸著
a baroque religiosity that is simply awesome.

神聖的氣息，
They consume more coca leaves than any human population,

異常虔誠。
half a pound per man, per day.

他們消費的可哥葉比其他民族都多，
The gourd you see here is --

每天每個男人半英鎊。
everything in their lives is symbolic.

你在這裏能看到的是——
Their central metaphor is a loom.

每樣事物都具有寓意。
They say, "Upon this loom, I weave my life."

他們核心的隱喻是織布機。
They refer to the movements as they exploit the ecological niches of the gradient

生活就像一個織布機，而自己就在這台機器上編織著五光十色的人生。
as "threads."

他們將他們開發傾斜的生態壁櫥的做法視為
When they pray for the dead, they make these gestures with their hands,

“穿線”。
spinning their thoughts into the heavens.

當他們為死去的人們祈禱時，他們就用他們的雙手做出這樣的姿勢，
You can see the calcium buildup on the head of the poporo gourd.

將他們的思想帶入天堂。
The gourd is a feminine aspect; the stick is a male.

你能夠看到鈣質在Poporo 瓢的頂部結晶。
You put the stick in the powder

葫蘆的外表是雌性的，梗是雄性的。
to take the sacred ashes -- well, they're not ashes,

當你把梗研成粉末
they're burnt limestone --

得到神聖的粉末——它們也不是普通的粉末，
to empower the coca leaf, to change

它們是燒過的石灰石——
the pH of the mouth to facilitate the absorption

能夠使得可哥葉具有
of cocaine hydrochloride.

改變嘴裏PH值以幫助
But if you break a gourd, you cannot simply throw it away,

可卡因鹽酸鹽的吸收。
because every stroke of that stick

但是當你打開一根梗，你不能輕易扔掉它，
that has built up that calcium,

因為一旦扔掉那個梗
the measure of a man's life,

那些用於累積鈣質的梗，
has a thought behind it.

對一個男士生活的衡量
Fields are planted in such an extraordinary way,

也就被扔掉了。
that the one side of the field

耕種田地的方式如此特別，
is planted like that by the women.

以至於田地的一邊
The other side is planted like that by the men. Metaphorically,

就像被女性耕種過一樣。
you turn it on the side, and you have a piece of cloth.

另一邊像被男性耕種過，
And they are the descendants of the ancient Tairona civilization,

你在旁邊改變它，你就會得到一塊布。
the greatest goldsmiths of South America,

他們是原始的泰榮納（Tairona）文明的後裔，
who in the wake of the conquest,

南美最偉大的鐵匠，
retreated into this isolated volcanic massif

那些人在征戰的年代，
that soars to 20,000 feet

隱退到這片荒涼的火山區域
above the Caribbean coastal plain.

比加勒比海岸的平原
There are four societies:

高出2萬英尺。
the Kogi, the Wiwa, the Kankwano and the Arhuacos.

這裏有四個社會：
I traveled with the Arhuacos,

the Kogi, the Wiwa, the Kankuamo and the Arhuacos。
and the wonderful thing about this story

我與 Arhuacos一同旅行，
was that this man, Danilo Villafane --

關於這個故事美妙的事情是
if we just jump back here for a second.

這個名叫Danilo Viathanya的男人，
When I first met Danilo, in the Colombian embassy in Washington,

如果我們可以在此跳回過去。
I couldn't help but say, "You know,

當我第一次在華盛頓的哥倫比亞大使館見到達尼洛的時候，
you look a lot like an old friend of mine."

我脫口說出，
Well, it turns out he was the son of my friend, Adalberto,

你很像我的一個老朋友。
from 1974, who had been killed by the FARC.

事實是他就是我朋友Aroberto的兒子，
And I said, "Danilo, you won't remember this,

Aroberto於1974年被哥倫比亞武裝力量打死，
but when you were an infant, I carried you on my back,

並且我說，Danilo,你肯定不記得，
up and down the mountains."

當你還是嬰兒的時候，我把你背在背上
And because of that, Danilo invited us

穿越高山。
to go to the very heart of the world,

正因為如此，達尼祿邀請我們
a place where no journalist had ever been permitted.

去世界的正中心，
Not simply to the flanks of the mountains,

一個任何記者都不被允許進入的地區。
but to the very iced peaks which are the destiny of the pilgrims.

我們不僅到了山的側翼，
And this man sitting cross-legged

也到了冰雪覆蓋的山頂，也就是朝聖的目的地。
is now a grown-up Eugenio,

這個盤腿坐的男人
a man who I've known since 1974.

是一個長大的 “Yuhenio”，
And this is one of those initiates.

我自從1974年就認識他了。
No, it's not true that they're kept in the darkness for 18 years,

這就是早期的加入者之一。
but they are kept within the confines

不對，他們在黑暗中待18年的說法並不對，
of the ceremonial men's circle

但是他們是被限制在
for 18 years.

男儀式主持者的圈子中
This little boy will never step outside

長達18年。
of the sacred fields

這些小孩子從沒有機會走到
that surround the men's hut for all that time,

聖地的外面
until he begins his journey of initiation.

聖地由男人的小屋包圍著，
For that entire time, the world only exists as an abstraction,

任何時候都不准出去直到宗教旅途的開始。
as he is taught the values of society,

在整個時間裏，世界被視為一種抽象的存在，
including this notion that their prayers alone

他被教以社會的價值，
maintain the cosmic balance.

包括這樣的觀念，即祈禱者獨自
Before we could begin our journey,

在維持宇宙的和諧。
we had to be cleansed at the portal of the Earth.

在旅程開始之前，
And it was extraordinary to be taken by a priest.

我們在洞穴的門口清潔乾淨自己。
And you see that the priest never wears shoes because holy feet --

被神父帶領是個很神奇的經歷——
there must be nothing between the feet

你會看到神父永遠不穿鞋子，因為神聖的雙腳——
and the Earth for a mamo.

對Mamo來說，腳與大地之間
And this is actually the place where the Great Mother

必須不能存在任何東西。
sent the spindle into the world

這裏也是偉大母親
that elevated the mountains and created the homeland

將紡錘置於世界
that they call the heart of the world.

抬高了山脈，創造了家園
We traveled high into the paramo,

他們叫此地世界的心臟.
and as we crested the hills,

我們爬到Potomo的高處，
we realized that the men were interpreting

當我們沿著山脊攀爬時，
every single bump on the landscape

當地人們對
in terms of their own intense religiosity.

每個自然景色的詮釋
And then of course, as we reached our final destination,

都帶有強烈的宗教色彩。
a place called Mamancana,

當然，等我們到達最終的目的地，
we were in for a surprise,

一個叫做Mananakana的地方時，
because the FARC were waiting to kidnap us.

我們著實吃了一驚，
And so we ended up being taken aside into these huts,

因為哥倫比亞革命武裝力量等著綁架我們。
hidden away until the darkness.

所以當我們最終被帶到他們的洞穴，
And then, abandoning all our gear,

在黑暗中被藏起來。
we were forced to ride out in the middle of the night,

然後丟掉我們所有的工具，
in a quite dramatic scene.

我們在午夜被強制趕著騎行離開，
It's going to look like a John Ford Western.

那是一個很戲劇化的場面。
And we ran into a FARC patrol at dawn, so it was quite harrowing.

看起來就像導演約翰•福特拍攝的西部片。
It will be a very interesting film. But what was fascinating

當黎明時我們遇到了哥倫比亞革命武裝力量的巡邏隊，所以是很慘的經歷。
is that the minute there was a sense of dangers,

那一定會是一部非常有趣的電影。但是更神奇的是
the mamos went into a circle of divination.

當感到危險的那一刻，
And of course, this is a photograph

Mamos做了個占卜。
literally taken the night we were in hiding,

當然，這張照片
as they divine their route

實際上拍攝於我們躲起來的那個晚上，
to take us out of the mountains.

那時他們占卜出了
We were able to, because we had trained

帶領我們出山的道路。
people in filmmaking,

我們能夠，因為我們事前訓練過
continue with our work,

人們如何拍攝電影，
and send our Wiwa and Arhuaco filmmakers

繼續我們的工作，
to the final sacred lakes

把我們的Wiwa和 Arhuaco 的電影製作者派到
to get the last shots for the film,

終點的聖湖
and we followed the rest of the Arhuaco back to the sea,

去拍攝最後一個場景，
taking the elements from the highlands to the sea.

我們讓其他的Arhuaco回到海上，
And here you see how their sacred landscape

從山丘處拍攝海。
has been covered by brothels and hotels and casinos,

現在我們就看到了神聖的景色
and yet, still they pray.

被妓院、旅店和賭場包圍著，
And it's an amazing thing to think

他們仍然，祈禱。
that this close to Miami,

想到
two hours from Miami, there is an entire civilization of people

距離邁阿密這麼近，
praying every day for your well-being.

兩個小時的車程，這裏有一個完整的民族
They call themselves the Elder Brothers.

為你的幸福在日日祈禱。
They dismiss the rest of us who have ruined the world

他們自稱為兄長。
as the Younger Brothers. They cannot understand

他們將我們這些毀壞世界的人
why it is that we do what we do to the Earth.

稱作弟弟。他們無法理解
Now, if we slip to another end of the world,

我們對大自然的破壞行為。
I was up in the high Arctic

現今，如果我們到世界的另一端。
to tell a story about global warming,

我在北極
inspired in part by

講述全球變暖的故事，
the former Vice President's wonderful book.

部分受到
And what struck me so extraordinary

副總統的著作的啟發。
was to be again with the Inuit --

使我震驚的是
a people who don't fear the cold, but take advantage of it.

再次與因紐特人在一起——
A people who

這個民族的人並不懼怕寒冷反而利用它。
find a way, with their imagination,

這個民族的人
to carve life out of that very frozen.

發現了用想像，
A people for whom blood on ice

在冰天雪地中開創生活。
is not a sign of death, but an affirmation of life.

這個民族的人們並不會把冰上的血滴
And yet tragically, when you now go to those northern communities,

視為死亡的標誌，反而是對生活的肯定。
you find to your astonishment

悲慘的是，當你現在再去那些北方地區，
that whereas the sea ice used to come in in September

你會吃驚地發現
and stay till July,

那些在九月份凍結起來，
in a place like Kanak in northern Greenland,

直到次年七月的冰，
it literally comes in now in November

在像被格陵蘭到的Kanak地區，
and stays until March.

事實上到十一月份才結冰，
So, their entire year has been cut in half.

三月份就化掉了。
Now, I want to stress that none of these peoples

所以他們的整年就被一分兩半。
that I've been quickly talking about here

現在，我想強調的是，
are disappearing worlds.

這些我快速講述的民族，
These are not dying peoples.

並沒有消失。
On the contrary, you know,

他們並不是垂死掙扎的人們。
if you have the heart to feel and the eyes to see,

相反，正如你所指，
you discover that the world is not flat.

如果你用心去感受，用眼睛去觀察，
The world remains a rich tapestry.

你會發現世界並不是平的。
It remains a rich topography of the spirit.

世界仍然是色彩豐富的掛毯。
These myriad voices of humanity

它仍然像精神領域高低不平的地質。
are not failed attempts at being new,

人類種種不同的聲音
failed attempts at being modern.

並不是想要進化的失敗的嘗試，
They're unique facets of the human imagination.

並不是想要更現代化的失敗的嘗試。
They're unique answers to a fundamental question:

他們是人類想像的不同方面。
what does it mean to be human and alive?

他們是對於一個基本問題的別出心裁的回答：
And when asked that question, they respond

活著的人類意義是什麼？
with 6,000 different voices.

當被問起這個問題時
And collectively, those voices become our human repertoire

他們用了六千種不同的聲音回答.
for dealing with the challenges that will confront us

當這些聲音聚在一起時，
in the ensuing millennia.

它們讓人類有了各種技能
Our industrial society is scarcely

來應對未來幾千年裡將遇到的挑戰.
300 years old.

我們的工業社會
That shallow history shouldn't suggest to anyone

幾乎只有三百年的歷史.
that we have all of the answers

這段歷史對任何人都無法證明
for all of the questions that will confront us

我們已有了所有的答案
in the ensuing millennia.

來面對隨之而來的幾千年裡
The myriad voices of humanity are not failed attempts at being us.

我們將會遇到的問題.
They are unique answers to that fundamental question:

這些來自人類無數的聲音並不是失敗的嘗試.
what does it mean to be human and alive?

它們是最基本問題的一個特別答案：
And there is indeed a fire burning over the Earth,

活著的人類意義是什麼？
taking with it not only plants and animals,

地球上確實燃燒著烈火，
but the legacy of humanity's brilliance.

不僅帶著了植物和動物，
Right now, as we sit here in this room,

還帶走了人類輝煌的傳統。
of those 6,000 languages spoken the day that you were born,

此刻，當我們坐在這個房間，
fully half aren't being taught to children.

你出生時正在被使用的六千種語言中，
So, you're living through a time

足足有一半都沒有傳授給下一代的孩子們。
when virtually half of humanity's intellectual,

所以你生活在這樣一個時代
social and spiritual legacy

一半的人類智慧、
is being allowed to slip away.

社會和精神的遺產
This does not have to happen.

正不知不覺地離我們而去.
These peoples are not failed attempts at being modern --

我們可以阻止它的發生.
quaint and colorful and destined to fade away

這些人不是無法跟上時代而
as if by natural law.

奇怪、色彩鮮豔並且註定會消亡
In every case, these are dynamic, living peoples

就像是遵循自然法則一樣。
being driven out of existence by identifiable forces.

以上的事例說明了這些是人是活的，而且是活動的
That's actually an optimistic observation,

已知的力量將他們毀滅.
because it suggests that if human beings

這事實上是個客觀的發現，
are the agents of cultural destruction,

因為如果人類
we can also be, and must be,

是文化毀滅者，
the facilitators of cultural survival.

我們有能力，而且必須作
Thank you very much.

文化生存的協助者.