because as a religious historian,

多年來我一直感到困惑不解，

I've become acutely aware

因為，身為宗教歷史學家，

of the centrality of compassion

我非常清楚地知道，

in all the major world faiths.

憐憫是世界主要宗教中

Every single one of them

一貫的中心思想。

has evolved their own version

每一個宗教，

of what's been called the Golden Rule.

對於所謂的「恕道」

Sometimes it comes in a positive version --

都衍伸出了自己的解讀。

"Always treat all others as you'd like to be treated yourself."

有的版本是正面的，例如：

And equally important

「推己及人。」

is the negative version --

同等重要的，還有

"Don't do to others what you would not like them to do to you."

相反的版本

Look into your own heart,

「己所不欲，勿施於人。」

discover what it is that gives you pain

省視你的內心，

and then refuse, under any circumstance whatsoever,

了解痛苦從何而來，

to inflict that pain on anybody else.

然後不管在什麼情況下

And people have emphasized the importance of compassion,

都拒絕把這樣的痛苦加諸於別人身上。

not just because it sounds good,

人們總是強調憐憫的重要，

but because it works.

不是因為它很好聽，

People have found that when they have

而是因為它很有效。

implemented the Golden Rule

人們發現，一旦將恕道的意涵

as Confucius said, "all day and every day,"

發揮出來，

not just a question of doing your good deed for the day

像孔子說的「不捨晝夜」，

and then returning to a life of greed

而不是偶爾行善，

and egotism,

然後又回到貪婪且自私

but to do it all day and every day,

的生活中。

you dethrone yourself from the center of your world,

然而如果持續不懈地實行，

put another there, and you transcend yourself.

自私的你將不再佔據世界的中心，

And it brings you into the presence

另一個你將會降臨，這時候你便超越了自我。

of what's been called God, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.

它會引領你到一個名為

Something that goes beyond

「神」、「涅槃」、「完人」（印度教）、「道」的境界。

what we know in our ego-bound existence.

那是超越

But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time,

我們有限的存在的境界。

that this was so central to the religious life.

但很多時候，你並不知道

Because with a few wonderful exceptions,

慈悲關懷是信仰生活的中心。

very often when religious people come together,

除了某些美妙的例外，

religious leaders come together, they're arguing about abstruse doctrines

宗教人士聚在一起時，

or uttering a council of hatred

經常在爭論深奧的教義，

or inveighing against homosexuality or something of that sort.

或是說出一連串充滿仇恨的字句

Often people don't really want to be compassionate.

敵視同性戀或其它「罪行」。

I sometimes see

人們通常不太願意憐憫。

when I'm speaking to a congregation of religious people

我時常看到，

a sort of mutinous expression crossing their faces

當我對虔誠的信徒演說時，

because people often want to be right instead.

他們臉上會閃過反抗的表情

And that of course defeats the object of the exercise.

因為人總是覺得自己有理。

Now why was I so grateful to TED?

這當然是違反了宗教的真諦。

Because they took me very gently

為什麼我感謝TED？

from my book-lined study

因為他們溫和地帶領我

and brought me into the 21st century,

離開汗牛充棟的書房

enabling me to speak to a much, much wider audience

到21世紀。

than I could have ever conceived.

讓我能夠在更為廣大的觀眾面前演說，

Because I feel an urgency about this.

這遠遠超乎我的想像。

If we don't manage to implement

因為我覺得這件事非常急迫：

the Golden Rule globally,

如果我們不想辦法

so that we treat all peoples, wherever and whoever they may be,

在全世界實行恕道的教誨，

as though they were as important as ourselves,

如果我們不能對所有人－不管在哪裡，不管他們是誰－

I doubt that we'll have

不能把他們看得跟自己一樣重要的話，

a viable world to hand on to the next generation.

我懷疑我們還能不能

The task of our time,

把這個生機盎然的世界傳給下一代。

one of the great tasks of our time,

我們這個時代的任務，

is to build a global society, as I said,

這個時代最大的一個任務，

where people can live together in peace.

就是建立全球化的社會，如同我之前所提，

And the religions that should be making a major contribution

讓人們可以和平共處。

are instead seen as part of the problem.

至於宗教，理應對這任務有所貢獻，

And of course it's not just religious people who believe in the Golden Rule.

但現在卻反而成為問題的一部分。

This is the source of all morality,

當然，不是只有虔誠的人才信奉恕道。

this imaginative act of empathy,

這是所有道德的源頭。

putting yourself in the place of another.

悲憫可以是一種想像：

And so we have a choice, it seems to me.

把自己放在他人的處境中設身處地。

We can either go on bringing out or emphasizing

如此我們便會有所選擇，在我看來是這樣。

the dogmatic and intolerant aspects of our faith,

我們可以繼續宣揚及強調

or we can go back to

宗教的教條或是不寬容的一面，

the rabbis. Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus,

或者也可以反璞歸真，

who, when asked by a pagan

回到比耶穌更久遠的猶太長老西勒爾(Rabbi Hillel)時代。

to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg,

一位異教徒曾要他

said, "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor.

單腳站立並歸納總結猶太教義，

That is the Torah and everything else is only commentary."

他回道：「你不願做的事，別加在你的鄰居身上。」

And the rabbis and the early fathers of the church who said that

「這就是教義，其他都只是論述而已。」

any interpretation of scripture

猶太教各長老以及早期基督教的奠基者也曾說

that bred hatred and disdain was illegitimate.

任何對聖經的解讀

And we need to revive that spirit.

只要帶有仇恨或輕視的意味，都是不正統的。

And it's not just going to happen

而我們必須復興這樣的精神。

because a spirit of love wafts us down.

它不只是因為

We have to make this happen,

慈愛的精神喚醒我們而發生，

and we can do it

我們必須要「讓它發生」，

with the modern communications

我們有能力，

that TED has introduced.

因為有TED介紹給世界的

Already I've been tremendously heartened

各種現代傳播管道。

at the response of all our partners.

我已經感到無比振奮，

In Singapore, we have a group

看見各位參與者所做出的回應。

going to use the Charter to heal divisions

我們在新加坡有一組人

recently that have sprung up in Singaporean society,

準備用《慈悲憲章》消弭

and some members of the parliament want

新加坡社會最近出現的許多分歧。

to implement it politically.

議會的某些成員也希望

In Malaysia, there is going to be an art exhibition

可以將憲章提昇到政治層面。

in which leading artists are going to be

在馬來西亞，我們準備辦一場美術展覽

taking people, young people,

讓有名的藝術家

and showing them that compassion also lies

帶領人們，尤其是年輕人，

at the root of all art.

向他們展示，慈悲

Throughout Europe, the Muslim communities

其實是各種藝術的源頭。

are holding events and discussions,

在整個歐洲，各個穆斯林社群

are discussing the centrality of compassion

舉辦了多場活動跟討論會，

in Islam and in all faiths.

討論以悲憫為中心的思想

But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch.

在回教以及其他宗教的重要性。

Religious teaching, this is where we've gone so wrong,

然而《慈悲憲章》的開始並不是句點。

concentrating solely on believing abstruse doctrines.

對於宗教的教誨，我們長久以來都走錯了路，

Religious teaching must always lead to action.

所以僅止於相信深奧的教義。

And I intend to work on this till my dying day.

宗教教誨應該要付諸行動。

And I want to continue with our partners

而我決定貫徹到生命的盡頭。

to do two things --

而我想繼續與各位分享的是

educate and stimulate compassionate thinking.

請繼續貫徹這兩件事－

Education because we've so

教育群眾，以及激發慈悲的心。

dropped out of compassion.

我們需要教育是因為我們

People often think it simply means

已經失去憐憫的心太久了。

feeling sorry for somebody.

人們常覺得憐憫的心只是

But of course you don't understand compassion

對某些人感到愧疚而已。

if you're just going to think about it.

然而，如果你只是這樣想，

You also have to do it.

那麼你並不懂得憐憫的真義。

I want them to get the media involved

你還必須去實行。

because the media are crucial

我希望媒體也可以參與這一部分。

in helping to dissolve some of the stereotypical views

因為媒體的角色不可或缺

we have of other people,

幫助我們破除對於社會上其他人

which are dividing us from one another.

根深蒂固的成見，

The same applies to educators.

防止我們疏遠彼此。

I'd like youth to get a sense of

教育人士的責任也同等重要。

the dynamism, the dynamic and challenge

我希望年輕人了解

of a compassionate lifestyle.

慈悲生活的力量、精神

And also see that it demands acute intelligence,

與挑戰，

not just a gooey feeling.

並且發覺這需要同等靈敏的智慧，

I'd like to call upon scholars to explore

而不是濫情感傷。

the compassionate theme

我也呼籲學者勇於探索

in their own and in other people's traditions.

自身以及其他文化中

And perhaps above all,

關於慈悲的部分。

to encourage a sensitivity about

而最重要的也許是

uncompassionate speaking,

培養對於缺乏同情心的言論

so that because people have this Charter,

的敏銳感覺。

whatever their beliefs or lack of them,

這麼一來，因為有《慈悲憲章》，

they feel empowered

不管人們的信仰為何，沒有也沒關係，

to challenge uncompassionate speech,

他們會感覺自身的力量

disdainful remarks

足以挑戰不夠悲憫關懷的言論，

from their religious leaders, their political leaders,

那些鄙視的字句

from the captains of industry.

發自於他們的信仰或政治領袖，

Because we can change the world,

或是產業界的大老。

we have the ability.

因為我們可以改變世界，

I would never have thought of putting the Charter online.

我們有這個能力。

I was still stuck in the old world

我以前從沒想過憲章可以放上網路。

of a whole bunch of boffins sitting together in a room

我還困在舊世界裡，

and issuing yet another arcane statement.

認為研究就是一群人坐在室內

And TED introduced me to a whole new way

發表一條又一條晦澀難解的理論。

of thinking and presenting ideas.

而TED為我提供了一種全新的方法

Because that is what is so wonderful about TED.

來思考以及發表構想。

In this room, all this expertise,

這就是TED美妙的地方。

if we joined it all together,

在這裡聚集了這麼多專家，

we could change the world.

如果我們可以集結力量

And of course the problems sometimes seem insuperable.

我們就能改變世界。

But I'd just like to quote, finish at the end

當然，有些時候，這些問題看似沒有解答。

with a reference to a British author, an Oxford author

不過在演說的最後我想引用

whom I don't quote very often,

一位英國學者，牛津學者的話，

C.S. Lewis.

我不太常提到他，

But he wrote one thing that stuck in my mind

C.S.路易斯。

ever since I read it when I was a schoolgirl.

不過他寫過的一句話震撼了我，

It's in his book "The Four Loves."

從我的學生時期一直到現在。

He said that he distinguished between erotic love,

這句話出自於他的《四種愛》。

when two people gaze, spellbound, into each other's eyes.

他說，他感覺到情愛，

And then he compared that to friendship,

就在兩個人凝望彼此，為對方的眼神著迷的時候。

when two people stand side by side, as it were, shoulder to shoulder,

他把這種感情與友情比較：

with their eyes fixed on a common goal.

友情是兩個人併肩在一起

We don't have to fall in love with each other,

眼睛望向一個共同的目標。

but we can become friends.

我們不需要愛上彼此，

And I am convinced.

但我們可以成為朋友。

I felt it very strongly

我是如此相信的。

during our little deliberations at Vevey,

我有非常強烈的感覺

that when people of all different persuasions

當我們還在瑞士的薇威商討時，

come together, working side by side

我認為如果追求不同目標的人們

for a common goal,

可以集結在一起，並肩努力

differences melt away.

朝著共同的夢想前進，

And we learn amity.

我們的差異將會消融。

And we learn to live together and to get to know one another.

我們會懂得和睦。

Thank you very much.

然後我們會學到如何共處，以及了解彼此。

(Applause)

非常感謝各位。